The development of English folk songs

The first people to move into the British Isles were Iberians, who began to move into Britain around the third millennium BC. The second branch of the English-speaking people is the Taopen people from the Alps. The third branch of English-speaking countries is Celtic, a branch of Indo-European language family from Europe. The Celts moved into the British Isles in three batches. The first group of immigrants were Yi Deer-speaking people from Yi Deer, and the second group were Britten-speaking people. Britten defeated Yi Deer, most Yi Deer people were assimilated by Britten, and a few Yi Deer people were driven to Scottish and Irish in the high mountains and valleys. Yi Deer people who migrated to Scotland gradually formed Gaelic people. The third group of Celtic immigrants were Billy and others from northern Gaul. These three groups of Celtic immigrants gradually integrated into Britain. The fourth branch of English-speaking countries is the Anglo-Saxons and Jutes among the Germans. Three centuries after Anglo-Saxons and Jutes ruled Britain, Vikings from Scandinavia began to invade Britain. It was mainly a Danish Viking who invaded England. In the 9th century, the Danes occupied the east of England and established the Danish region. 1042, the Danish royal family lost its heir. 1043, the English people welcomed their king, the pious Edward. Edward used to be a fugitive in Normandy. He has ordinary Norman blood. Norman was a branch of Viking. 1066, Edward died, and William, Duke of Normandy, quickly occupied England, deprived the English nobles of their property and distributed it to the Normandy nobles. At this point, the population base that constitutes England has been roughly formed. 1282, the western mountain peninsula Wales surrendered to England; 1535 merged into England; 1707, Scotland, a long-term independent kingdom in history, was annexed by England, and the whole island of Great Britain was ruled by England. Scottish Highlands, a natural place, has whisky, golf, Loch Ness monster and proud wool gurney skirts, but what really makes these Celts find their soul home is the sound of bagpipes rippling between mountains and canyons, and under its sad melody, folk songs, an art that has been handed down to this day, were born.

11~14th century was the economic development and heyday of English feudal manor, and the lords and peasants in the manor were antagonistic in class attribute. As an important class in feudal society, peasants are divided into free peasants and illiberal peasants, and illiberal peasants mainly refer to serfs and a few family slaves. Free peasants have no attachment to the Lord personally, but they have some attachment to the Lord economically. Serfs were not in the majority among the rural residents at that time. In England, serf families are estimated to account for at most three-fifths of farmers and about one-third of the total families. While trying to expand their own interests, lords and farmers are restrained by the strength of both sides, so they show more compromise and stability, which gives farmers relative economic independence and freedom of thought, which is also an important reason for the development of British folk songs. Under the influence of the Enlightenment, music is no longer regarded as "a gift from God and can only be used to praise God", but as Rousseau believed, music should imitate a primitive vernacular song, a natural language of human beings. The humanistic thought of the Enlightenment also caused the transfer of music culture-from the church and the court to the citizen class. Everyone has the right to enjoy music.

Scotland is one of the important positions of the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment in Scotland began at the beginning of18th century and reached its climax in the middle of18th century, and its influence continued until the beginning of19th century. Edinburgh,/kloc-the cultural center of Scotland in the 0/8th century, was called "Athens of Great Britain", and even Hume called Edinburgh "the stage for scholars". The influence of the Enlightenment in Scotland is extremely extensive and far-reaching, manifested in folk songs, mainly in spiritual freedom and humanistic characteristics. /kloc-the first half of the 0/9th century was also the initial stage of romanticism. Romanticism seems to be in opposition to the rationalism of the Enlightenment, but it must be noted that the Enlightenment is open, that is, it embodies a variety of tendencies and encourages people to explore new things through their own perspectives. Therefore, when we vigorously carried out the enlightenment movement advocating rationality, the anti-rational "hurricane movement" appeared, which was not enough.