Who killed Zhang?

Because he refused to meet the unreasonable demands of Japanese imperialism (including mining, setting up factories, emigrating and building ports in Huludao). ), 1928 At 5 o'clock in the morning on June 4th, when Zhang returned to Fengtian from Beijing by special train, he was blown up by a bomb pre-buried by the Japanese Kwantung Army when he drove to the bridge at the junction of Beijing-Fengnan-Manchu Railway near Huanggutun. He died in troubled times at the age of 53. However, according to other information, Zhang was killed by Soviet agents, not by Japanese Kwantung Army agents, and Japan refused to admit that they killed him. )

Recently, there has been a so-called "new statement" about Zhang's death, that is, Zhang's death has nothing to do with the Japanese, but was done by Soviet intelligence agencies. Historical facts have proved that the Japanese Kwantung Army killed Zhang with irrefutable evidence, and no one can turn it over.

The so-called "new statement" about Zhang Zhi's death

As we all know, Zhang was killed by Japanese militarists. This is irrefutable evidence, irrefutable evidence, no doubt. However, not long ago, a report published in Japan's Sankei Shimbun was reprinted on the Internet, saying: "Zhang was killed not by the Japanese, but by Soviet intelligence agencies." This is the report of the newspaper's Moscow correspondent interviewing Russian historical novelist ProHohloff. This so-called "new statement" caused a turbid wave, as if Zhang was not killed by Japanese soldiers, but by Soviet intelligence agencies. In this regard, Japanese right-wingers applauded.

So, what is the hard evidence of Russian scholar ProHohloff who put forward this "new statement"? According to reports, in an interview with the reporter of Sankei Shimbun, the novelist first stated that his views were not based on the secret files that were not made public by the CPSU or intelligence agencies, but only through a comprehensive analysis of the memoirs or interview records of military leaders that were made public during the Soviet period and the official files that were made public after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and that "Zhang was almost certainly bombed by Soviet intelligence agencies". It is clear here that by his own admission, Hohloff has no files, no basis and no evidence, and his views are the result of his personal "analysis", which is a guess and a guess.

ProHohloff told the reporter of Sankei Shimbun that Zhang and the Soviet Union had a dispute over the use of the Northeast Railway in China, and the Soviet government was still worried about it, so it ordered the Soviet Intelligence Agency to assassinate Zhang. The first assassination plan of Soviet agents was to plant a bomb in Zhang's official residence, but because Zhang's agents got wind of it in advance, they arrested them when they handed over the bomb.

ProHohloff said that since then, Zhang Cai has taken many actions hostile to the Soviet Union. 1928, Zhang was weakened by years of war and began to negotiate with the Japanese in an attempt to establish an anti-Soviet "independent Manchuria" in the northeast with the support of the Japanese government. After learning about this, the Soviet Union decided to assassinate Zhang again, thus creating the Huanggutun bombing.

The above Platts' narrative, such as "planting a bomb in Zhang's official residence", establishing an independent Manchuria Republic, and "thus creating the bombing of Huanggutun", are all false and fabricated by this novelist.

What is the attitude of Russian historians towards ProHohloff's absurd theory of bombing Zhang? China's Global Times correspondent in Russia interviewed Ms Mirovikaya, an expert in Far East history at the Far East Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences. She said that she had never heard of ProHohloff. This shows that Hohloff is not an expert in studying the history of the Far East and China. For Hohloff's point of view, she also made it clear that she couldn't agree with it at all. She made it very clear that according to the available evidence, 1928 was a train bombing by Japanese soldiers in Huanggutun, killing Zhang. This is certain in Russian history books, and there is no doubt about it. The book History of China, published in 2004 and co-edited by Russian historian V. Adamchik and other famous scholars, clearly records: "Zhang was killed by the Japanese army on his way to Shenyang."

The specific process of Zhang's murder.

1On June 2, 928, Marshal Zhang of the Republic of China announced his withdrawal from Beijing and returned to Shenyang. Zhang has heard about the Japanese plot to assassinate him, but he is skeptical. In order to ensure safety, I originally planned to drive through Gubeikou, but the road was bumpy. Zhang Shoujing to Duan, Kyrgyzstan, Montenegro two armies guarded, in case of accidents. Wu also ensured the safety of the section to Shenyang. Therefore, Zhang decided to return by train. A few days before returning to Fengfeng, Jie Enming, commander of Fengtian Gendarmerie, noticed that the Japanese army stood guard around the old crossing and Sandong Bridge near Huanggutun Station day and night to stop pedestrians from passing, as if some fortifications were being built, and the situation was abnormal. To this end, he sent a telegram to Zhang, asking him to be vigilant, or he would detour to Fengfeng. However, Jie Enming's reminder did not attract enough attention from Zhang.

Zhang also took some corresponding preventive measures against rumors. Because of this, he repeatedly delayed the specific time to return to Feng. Originally announced to leave Beijing in June 1, the Jingfeng Railway was equipped with a special car to start the fire fighting, but it was rescheduled for 2 days. But it wasn't his train that left on the 2 nd.

At 7 o'clock on the evening of June 2, Mrs. Shou, Zhang's fifth wife, and her servant boarded the prepared 7-section special train and set off from Qianmen East Station to get through customs before Zhang.

Zhang San left. At 6: 43 am on the 3rd, Zhang and his party arrived at Qianmen East Station. Zhang, wearing a marshal's uniform and a dagger pinned to his waist, walked happily to the podium. There was a sea of people on the platform to see the guests off. Those who came to see me off were Beijing elders, celebrities, business representatives, embassies and other Chinese and foreign dignitaries. Zhang Xueliang, Chief of General Staff Yang Yuting, Shi Jing Police Chief Chen Xingya and Beijing Police Chief Bao Yulin also saw him off at the station.

1 point, the train starts. Accompanying the vehicle are former Prime Minister Kim, Prime Minister Pan Fu, Northeast veteran Mo Dehui, Chief of Staff Yu Guohan, Finance Chief Yan Zepu, Education Chief Liu Zhe and other senior officials, as well as Japanese consultants Machinoya and Masayoshi (also known as Yakuza Masayoshi or Masayoshi). In addition, Zhang's sixth wife Ma Yueqing, his third son Zhang Xuezeng and his personal medical officer Du Zexian, etc.

Zhang's car, including the front, consists of 20 sections. Train organization is as follows: 1 car, 1 car, third-class 3 cars, second-class 2 cars, first-class 7 cars, second-class 1 car, third-class 2 cars, first-class 1 car, armored vehicle 1 car, truck/kloc-.

The 10 segment is stretched. This is a special float for Empress Dowager Cixi in the past. After the transformation, the outside is blue, called blue steel car. The car is advanced in equipment, luxurious and comfortable. There is a living room, a bedroom, a sofa seat, a mahjong table and so on.

After the train arrived in Tianjin, Chu Yupu, the head of the army, specially rushed to tianjin railway station from Tang Guantun to see him off. Other officials who came to see me off were Wang Zhanyuan, governor of the first two lakes in Tianjin, and Kanchaoxi, governor of Jehol. After stopping, Kim and Pan Fu got off.

It is worth noting that Japanese consultant Takema Machino also got off at this stop. According to Saito's Diary, the chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, Mr. Saito Heng, the numbing military horse was actually a Japanese spy inserted beside Zhang. He has participated in the discussion about whether to let Zhang "live a few more days", and he has heard about the plan to assassinate Zhang. His actions show that he already knows about it. But in order to stabilize Zhang, he specially got on the bus and sent a paragraph, which was also convenient for him to clean himself up.

Zhang's children's in-laws and former Prime Minister Jin Benying should accompany Zhang Huili. Jin lives in Tianjin. But when he arrived at Tianjin Railway Station, Jin's adjutant reported as soon as he got on the bus that the Japanese consulate sent someone to deliver the letter. At nine o'clock tonight, Kim's good friend Bansili Shiro has something important to discuss from Japan to Tianjin, asking him to go back to his home at once. Kim had to get off the bus, but after waiting at home all night, the man still didn't show up. He was puzzled. The next day I received a telegram and learned that Zhang's car had been bombed. It suddenly dawned on me that the consulate sent a fake letter, fearing that he and Zhang would be killed together, and he became the fool with the bow. But it also proves that "Huanggutun Incident" is a plot planned by Japan in advance.

Chang Yinhuai, the former traffic director, got on the bus at Tianjin Railway Station and accompanied Zhang back to Fengtian.

At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the special bus arrived at Shanhaiguan. Dinner is served in the dining car at this time. Unexpectedly, this is the last dinner.

After dinner, Governor Wu of Heilongjiang Province got on the bus. He came to Shanhaiguan from Fengtian to meet Zhang, boarded the train and had a cordial conversation with Zhang. Later, Zhang and Mo Dehui, Chang Yinhuai and Liu Zhe played mahjong. In the afternoon 1 1, the bus arrived in Jinzhou. When the bus arrived at Xinmin Station, it was already dusk, and mahjong players scattered and rested. Looking out of the window, I saw that "there are sentries on both sides of the railway, facing outward and preparing for the posture." More than ten steps is a post. " On the morning of June 4th, the special bus arrived at Huanggutun Station and was greeted by Zhang Jinghui, the chief industrial officer, who said that the rest of the family members and civil and military officials were waiting at Fengtian New Station. Zhang Jinghui got on the bus, but he didn't ride with Zhang Tong.

Not far from Huanggutun Station is Laodaokou, followed by Sandong Bridge. This is the intersection of Nanman Railway and Jingfeng Railway operated by the Japanese. Nanman Railway is on the top and Jingfeng Railway is on the bottom. There is a Japanese watchtower on it, and the old crossing is within the Japanese cordon.

The car started again. Zhang sat in the carriage, then only Zhang, Wu and Wen Shoushan, director of a captain, were left. It's a little cold in the morning. Wu asked with concern, "it's a little cold. Do you want to add clothes? " Zhang looked at his watch. It was past 5 o'clock, and he replied, "Forget it, it's coming soon!" While speaking, when the special car passed the Sandong Bridge, suddenly two loud noises, smoke and fire, flying sand and stones, and the rails were bent like maltose. All the trains shook together, some derailed and some caught fire. Zhang's carriage was blown to pieces, and the body collapsed three or four feet away, leaving only two wheels. Unfortunately, Wu plunged his head into the nail, lay in the carriage and died immediately. Sixth wife's foot was slightly injured. Wen Shoushan was also injured, so he quickly got up and went to find Zhang. At first glance, Zhang has a deep cut in his throat, covered in blood. Wen Shoushan plugged Zhang's wound with a big silk handkerchief, and then together with Zhang, he carried Zhang to Jienming's car, where he was supported by the adjutant Wang. On both sides were three sons, Zhang and Du Zexian, who arrived at the Marshal House as quickly as possible.

In the small brothel in the east courtyard of Shuaifu, Zhang was immediately carried to the living room on the first floor for emergency rescue. Later, the director of Shengjingshi Hospital along the river was invited by Dr. Ren Yong to participate in the rescue. However, he died at 9 am that day at the age of 54 because of his injuries. The last sentence he said was: "I'm so hurt ... I'm afraid I can't ... tell little Liu Zi to go back to Fengtian quickly!" " "After that, the coffin stayed in the east wing of the East Gate of Dashuai House until the September 18th Incident.

Spin doctor injured in the same car bombing also included: former director of agriculture and industry, Mo Dehui, with a head injury; Chief industrial officer Zhang Jinghui was injured in the neck; Liu Zhe, chief of education, and Yu Guohan, chief of general staff, were also injured. Yi Esheng, a Japanese consultant accompanying him, suffered minor injuries to his face and wrist. Later, the reporter of English current affairs news revealed that 20 people were killed and 53 injured in this incident. This is the appalling "Huanggutun Incident" created by the Japanese Kwantung Army.

The car exploded at 5: 23 am on June 4th 1928.

Japanese consultant Yi also became a companion and was slightly injured. Guan believes: "For the future of the country, it is helpless to sacrifice a rugged train."

This is the specific process of Zhang's murder, which is completely clear and without any doubt.

The truth of the incident came out.

The "Huanggutun Incident" was committed by the Japanese Kwantung Army, but they had the cheek to deny it. When the Chief of Staff of the Japanese Kwantung Army, Major General Saito, met with Zhang's Japanese secretary Tao, he hypocritically said: "According to the information obtained by the Kwantung Army, the car bombing was indeed the work of a southern spy, which was the misfortune of General Zhang." The Japanese government is secretive about this. It was not until 20 years later, when Japan surrendered after the end of World War II and was tried in Tokyo, that it was revealed by Major General Himia (then captain), a former military engineering director of the Japanese Army Province, that it was known that this was a crime committed by Daisaku Kawamoto, a former senior staff officer of the Kwantung Army.

Takaji Himiya confessed that Jing Daole Kawamoto, a senior staff officer of the Japanese Kwantung Army, was one of the direct murderers who planned to assassinate Zhang. When the car was bombed, Captain Dongjiong Longji served as the squadron leader of Shenyang Independent Police Brigade and was stationed near Sandong Bridge in Huanggutun. He was instructed by Kawamoto to take charge of the technical work of car explosion. He pressed the button when it exploded. Therefore, he knows the inside story of the whole incident. Later, Kawamoto dictated more inside information about his plot to assassinate Zhang, which was written by historical scholars, making the truth of the whole incident known to the world. Hepburn's "I killed Zhang" is his confession.

Daisaku Kawamoto said that when he was a senior staff officer in the Kwantung Army, he attended the Oriental Conference in Tokyo, Japan as an attache. At the meeting, he discussed Japan's policy towards Manchuria and Mongolia, and he thought that the diplomatic protest against the warlords in Fengtian was no longer effective. Nobuyoshi Muto, commander of the Kwantung Army, emphasized the use of force to solve problems. Prime Minister Tanaka also agrees with this idea. Therefore, the policy of solving problems by force is generally decided.

Kawamoto said arrogantly, "I thought that as long as Zhang was defeated, the generals of the so-called Fengtian Sect would be scattered." "Kill the leader. Besides, there is no second way to solve the Manchu problem. Just kill Zhang.

His remarks were supported by young soldiers. Lieutenant General Muraoka, the successor commander of Kwantung Army, was ordered by Prime Minister Tanaka to "let go" and decided to act according to Kawamoto's proposition. Therefore, the plan to assassinate Zhang began to be implemented.

Kawamoto immediately sent two staff officers from Takeshita and Tanaka to Beijing to spy on Zhang's itinerary. In the name of contacting the military attache in Beijing, the two of them are engaged in the investigation of train formation and running time in Zhang. Soon, Noboru takeshita sent a secret telegram, saying that Zhang had decided to go through the customs and reported the scheduled trip of the train. Therefore, Kawamoto sent Kwantung Army special agent Shi to Shanhaiguan, Takeda's husband and Kanda Taisuke to Xinmin Tun and other places of Jingfeng Railway, and ordered them to monitor the specific time and place of arrival and departure of the train and report to him in time.

As for the location of the assassination, they studied it again and again against the map. I'm beginning to think that the big iron bridge over the giant river is very suitable. So I sent an engineering team's mid-team leader to scout and found that Feng Jun was heavily guarded and there was no gap to drill. Moreover, it takes at least one week to install explosives, which is not enough time. This place had to be abandoned. After many studies, it is concluded that the intersection of Manchuria Railway and Jingfeng Line is the safest, because Manchuria Railway is above and Jingfeng Line is below. Japanese activities there will not attract others' attention. At the same time, according to the illegal South Manchuria Railway Treaty, China's military and police can't go near the South Manchuria Railway. This provided convenience for them to bury heavy explosives.

They also carefully planned the assassination method. There are only two ways, one is to attack the train with shells, and the other is to blow up the train with explosives. If we use the first method, we will immediately know that the Japanese did it. If you use the second method, you may be able to achieve your goal without leaving a trace. So they chose the second method.

In addition, in order to prevent the explosion from failing, they planned a second plan, that is, to derail and overturn the train. They plan to take advantage of the chaos to let the bayonet team rush to assassinate. In particular, Araki Goro led the team as a bayonet team.

Regarding the arrangement of the site and the execution of the explosion, they selected Captain Takashi Donggong, the squadron leader of the Japanese garrison stationed in the local area. And sent a team of engineers from Sinuiju, North Korea, carrying two boxes of 500-pound electric ignition high-explosive drugs, to follow its actions. Kanto Army captains Kanda and Tomita were appointed to be responsible for position distribution; Send an engineering team leader to install existing explosives at the site; Paidong Gonglongji is responsible for controlling the current. Engineers sent by the Japanese Kwantung Army from North Korea worked at the railway intersection for six hours, and packed120kg of yellow explosives into 30 sacks and installed them in two places above the pier of the railway intersection. In order to ensure the success of the explosion, they set up two explosive devices. At the same time, there is a wire button on the observation deck 500 meters away from the dock to control the explosion.

In order to cover up his crimes, Kawamoto conspired to design a plan to frame the Southern National Revolutionary Army.

Judging from the historical facts exposed, Kawamoto's masterpiece is only one of Zhang's direct murderers, and the real culprit is the entire Kwantung Army and even the Japanese political circles. They bombed Zhang in an attempt to occupy the whole northeast. However, they did not achieve this goal. Because Zhang Xueliang, a veteran of Northeast China and Zhang's successor, followed the crisis closely and handled it properly, Northeast China was able to tide over this difficulty smoothly.