How many classical Chinese are there?

1. What are the common classical Chinese? First, Chu people learn to boat.

People in Chu (1) are used to rowing, and the initial twists and turns are sudden, but the boatman listens. So between the small experimental islands, the direction was not satisfactory, and I thought I would try my best to operate the boat. Therefore, Xie Zhou's family is covered and the spine ③ enters the tympanic diameter, which is a great danger. He was afraid of falling and fell into the slurry. Note ① Chu: the name of the ancient country. 20% off: turn around. Spin: Turn around. ③ Vertebra: Knock with vertebra. In ancient times, drums were used as trumpets when marching. (4) urgent: suddenly. Conviction: chance encounter. ⑤: Same as "rudder".

There was a man who learned to sail in Chu State. At the beginning, he turned around and spun, fast and slow, completely obeying the master's words. So I tried my hand among the islands in the river, and I couldn't do anything well, so I thought I had learned all the skills of sailing. I immediately bid farewell to the boatman and drummed (the ancients probably gave orders by drumming), and immediately I was in great danger. I looked around, terrified, and the rudder was out of control. However, isn't today's crisis the result of previous complacency?

Second, Lu people moved to Vietnam.

Read the following classical Chinese and answer the questions 14~ 16 (6 points).

Lu is good at weaving (1) and his wife is good at weaving (2), but she wants to move to Vietnam. Or: "I will be poor!" " Lu said, "Why?" Yue: "It's to do ③, and the more people do ④; It's also a crown. The more people send it. With children's strengths, they can swim in countries they don't need. Want to be infinite, can you get it? " (from "Doing Everything in the Woods")

Note ①: Ma Xie. (2) Silk: white silk, with which Zhou people made hats. 3 shoes: shoes, used as verbs here, refer to wearing shoes. Four rudder: barefoot.

There is a man in Lu who is good at knitting shoes with hemp and kudzu vine, and his wife is good at knitting silk. He wants to move to Vietnam. Someone said to him, "You are destined to be poor." The Lu people said, "Why?" (answer) said: "the toilet is used to wear, but the more barefoot people walk;" It is used to make hats, but the more people wear hair. With your strength, is it possible to go to a country that does not use (your product) and want to make (yourself) not poor? "

2. How many explanations do you have for "qu" in ancient Chinese?

1, I know it is almost the same as it sounds. Oracle Bone Inscriptions glyph. Above is the person (big), and below is the mouth (or "mouth"), indicating that the person has left the hole or pit. Shuowen: "Be big, be loud." Child (qū). Original meaning: leave.

2, with the original meaning.

Go ahead, people are against it. -"Shuo Wen"

Vowed to get rid of you and go to a happy land. -"Shi Feng Wei said"

Hou Ji returned to his country. -"The Spring and Autumn Period and the Four Years of Zhuang Gong"

Those who leave will not leave a word. -"Biography of Gu Liang"

Wuzi went to the office. -"Zuo Zhuan," xianggong "for twenty years"

It can't be different. -"The Warring States Policy and Qi Ce"

Just go. -Liu Tang Zongyuan's Three Commandments

Away for a long time. -Song Ouyang Xiu's Record of Returning to the Field

A wolf walked away. -"Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Three Wolves"

Go east. -Wei Qing Xi, Biography of Big Iron Vertebra

Another example: go away (separate; Leave); Go to work (leave for some reason); There is no way (dilemma); Come and go (leave; Communication); Leave your post.

3. remove; Remove.

Fuck, kill three bugs. -Liu Zongyuan's Snake Catcher

Go tomorrow. -Qing Yuanmei's "Huang Sheng Borrowing Books"

Pay for books.

Another example: uprooting plants (weeding); Eliminating diseases (eliminating diseases); Peeling; Eliminate evil and turn right (eliminate evil and turn right).

The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven. -"Shu Dao Nan"

When the sun began to rise, it was very close to people. -"Liezi Tang Wen"

Go to the South China Sea from Xishu. -Peng Qing end book "Show sons and nephews for learning"

Go to the village four miles away. -Qing Xu ke "Qing paper money and war"

Another example: the difference between the two places is 50 miles.

5. Go, go elsewhere, as opposed to "coming".

The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever. -Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia"

Open your arms and walk towards the bamboo forest. -Du Fu's Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage

You can answer it. -"Yutai Xinyi, ancient poetry is Jiao Zhongqing's wife"

Another example: there is no way out (dilemma); Walk tight (fast; Quickly); Where to go (where to go); Go to school; It doesn't matter who goes.

6. Lost; Lost. It's a pity that the great event has passed. -Romance of the Three Kingdoms;

Another example is losing.

7. Play [the role in the opera].

The one who plays the leading role is not beautiful.

8. drive away; Send it away.

The virgins on the husband's remittance, who are poor and have no candles, strike up a conversation with each other and want to leave. -"Warring States Policy"

9. abandon, abandon.

It's a monarch, a father, a son, and a brother. They do their best in righteousness, and the immortal is not here. -"Mencius"

Another example: go to the heart (leave the heart; Rest assured); Castration (giving up power)

10, dead, dead.

The sun and the moon are still there, and I won't be sunny again. -Tao Jin's "Yuan Ming Zashi"

Another example: death.

1 1, used after a predicate or a predicate structure, indicates a trend or persistence.

It's uncertain to get on and off the boat, so do your own thing. -Song Mei Yao Chen's quatrains.

Back and forth. -Tao Jin Yuanming's "Gui Xi Ci"

Jump away in an instant -"Strange Stories from a Lonely Studio, Promoting Weaving"

There is something wrong with jumping on the ruler.

Another example: I'll think about it; Return to your hometown next year; The ship sailed slowly forward; Send him something.

12, escape, escape.

Leave it alone. -"Mencius Gong Sunchou"

Go, Little Enemy —— Ke's Qing Paper Money and War

Rotate gradually. -Nineteen Years of Zuo Gong

13, connect "drive". expel

Thousands times three. -"Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong fifteen years"

3. What are the classical Chinese texts about learning? 1, Xunzi's "Persuasion" in the Warring States Period.

Excerpt: A gentleman knows that a husband is not beautiful enough, so he recites it and thinks about it.

Interpretation: A gentleman thinks he is perfect only when he knows that he is not perfect, so he reads a set of books to try to achieve mastery and understand with thinking and exploration.

2. The sacred amethyst in Wang Yinglin in Song Dynasty.

Excerpt: Jade is not pecked, let alone a weapon; People don't learn or know.

Interpretation: jade can't be a beautiful object without polishing and carving; People can't succeed if they don't study.

3. Zhou's "Supplements and Essays" in Qing Dynasty

Abstract: There is a road to diligence in Shushan, and there is no limit to learning from the sea. (Actually, it was written by Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, and it was included in augmented sages).

Interpretation: If you want to climb the peak of knowledge, then diligence is the only way; If you want to swim in the ocean of knowledge, effort is a boat that wishes you progress.

4. Zhu's persuasion poems in Song Dynasty.

Excerpt: It is easy for teenagers to learn from old age, but difficult to learn. An inch of time is not light.

Interpretation: Time flies, learning is difficult, don't waste every inch of time.

5. Yan Zhenqing's "persuasion" in Tang Dynasty.

Excerpt: Black hair doesn't know how to study hard early, but it's too late to learn.

Interpretation: I didn't know to study hard early when I was young, and it was too late to regret when I was full of white hair.

Baidu encyclopedia-persuasion

4. How many words are there in the original classical Chinese version of A Dream of Red Mansions?

The first 80 chapters of Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions are about 6 10000 words. The total number of words in A Dream of Red Mansions is 73 1, 0 17, and only 4,462 variants are used.

Second, knowledge expansion:

A Dream of Red Mansions is rated as the classic novel with the most literary achievements in China, and it is the pinnacle of Zhang Hui's novels, so that a work constitutes an academic independent research discipline-A Dream of Red Mansions, which is extremely rare in the history of literature. A Dream of Red Mansions systematically summarizes the culture and system of feudal society in China, profoundly criticizes all aspects of feudal society, and puts forward hazy and preliminary democratic ideals and propositions. Since Hu Shi's textual research on A Dream of Red Mansions, it is generally believed that Cao Xueqin projected his family's destiny in A Dream of Red Mansions. Among them, the last 40 chapters were written by Gao E, because Cao Xueqin's manuscript was lost.

5. learning Chinese classical Chinese first, pay attention to accumulation.

Usually read more classical Chinese to cultivate a sense of language, and summarize real words, function words, flexible use of parts of speech, interchangeable words, sentence patterns and polysemous words. Secondly, the exam should be steady.

Have a positive attitude. When doing classical Chinese, first read the topic roughly, and then read the classical Chinese materials from the back to the end. You don't have to understand it every time, just master the general content.

Usually there are three problems in reading classical Chinese. One is to choose an incorrect explanation, which is based on the exclusion method to get the meaning of the word in the text.

The second is translation, which must be translated word by word, omitted and completed, and the sentence pattern can be restored smoothly. If it really doesn't work, translate it word for word and then modify it. Finally, judging whether a sentence conforms to the meaning of the text should be based on the materials, which can generally be reflected in the materials.

Don't stretch the material yourself, it will lead to the wrong choice.

6. What are the classical Chinese texts about100 words? 1. "Two sons arguing about Japan" Confucius traveled eastward in the pre-Qin period. When he saw the two sons arguing about Japan, he asked him why.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "Another child thinks that when the sun rises, it is far from the sun, and it is closer to people at noon.

A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as usual. Is this the reason why it is not far from the big one?" ? Another child said, "The sun gets cold as soon as it comes out, and it is as hot as putting your hand into hot water at noon. Is this the reason why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" " ? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said to Confucius, "Who said you were smart?" ? "When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked why.

A child said, "I think the sun is closer to people when it first comes out, and it is farther away at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is farther away from people when it first comes out, and closer to people at noon.

A child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was as small as a plate at noon. Isn't it far small and near big? " Another child said, "It was cold when the sun first came out, and it was as hot as putting your hand into hot water at noon. Isn't it cool to feel hot near and far? " Confucius can't judge (who is right and who is wrong). The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were learned?" 2. When Liu Yiqing was in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Chen Taiqiu and his friends were in Japan.

If you don't pass the customs in the middle, you will go to Qiu, even after you go. Fiona Fang is seven years old and playing outside the door.

Chen Taiqiu's friend asked Fiona Fang, "Is your father there?" ? "Hui Yuan replied," My father waited for you for a long time, and you left before you arrived. The friend was angry: "No humanity!" Walk with people, walk with people. "

Yuan said that you made an appointment with my father at noon, and you didn't arrive at noon, so you didn't keep your word; It is impolite to scold the father for the children. "

A friend is ashamed and gets off the bus. Fiona Fang ignored this entry.

Chen Taiqiu and his friends met at noon. His friends didn't come after noon. Chen Taiqiu left without waiting for him, and his friends didn't arrive until Chen Taiqiu left. Fiona Fang was seven years old and playing outside the door.

Chen's friend asked, "Is your father there?" Fiona Fang replied, "My father has been waiting for you for a long time, but you haven't arrived yet and have already left." The friend said angrily, "What a human being! Meet others, but leave others first. "

Fiona Fang said: "You have an appointment with my father at noon. If you don't arrive at noon, you just don't keep your word;" It is impolite to scold the father at the children. My friend felt ashamed. He got out of the car and tried to hold Fiona Fang's hand. Fiona Fang walked into the house and didn't look back.

3, "Ailian said" Song Zhou Dunyi original land and water flowers, lovely people are very sweet. Tao Jinyuan clearly loves chrysanthemums.

Since Li Tang came, people all over the world have loved peonies. Love lotus alone, dirt-free, clear but not demon. Straight outside, not crawling, fragrant and clear. It is slim and elegant, so you can look at it from a distance without looking ridiculous.

Want to call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. Hey! The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard after Tao.

Who gave the lotus love? Peony love is suitable for all ages! There are many kinds of terrestrial herbs and woody flowers, which are worth loving. Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty only loved chrysanthemums.

Since Li in Tang Dynasty, most people in the world like peony. I only love that the lotus grows from the accumulated silt and is not polluted, but it doesn't look enchanting after being washed with clear water.

(Its stem) goes straight through the middle, without vines and branches. The fragrance is more fragrant and stands clean in the water.

People can look at (lotus) from a distance, but they can't play with it easily. I think chrysanthemum is a hermit in flowers; Peony is a rich person in flowers; Lotus is a gentleman among flowers.

Alas! The love for chrysanthemums was rarely heard by Tao Yuanming after that. Who else loves lotus flowers as much as I do? Of course, there are many people who love peony! 4. "On Shi Kuang" Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty asked the former Jin Pinggong in Shi Kuang: "I am seventy years old, I am afraid I have to learn."

Shi Kuang said, "Why not light a candle?" Gong Ping said, "An is a minister. Are you kidding me?" Shi Kuang said, "How dare a blind minister play with the monarch? I heard it: less and more eager to learn, like the sunrise sun; Strong and eager to learn, such as the light of Japan and China; Being old and eager to learn, like a candle, is right and wrong? " Gong Ping said, "Good!" Jin Pinggong said to Shi Kuang, "I am seventy years old. I am afraid it is too late to study. " Shi Kuang said, "Why not light the candle?" Jin Pinggong said, "How can a courtier tease you?" Shi Kuang said, "I am blind, how dare I tease the monarch? I heard that when I was a teenager, I liked to study, just like the sunshine of the rising sun. I like studying in middle age, as intense as the noon sun; I like studying in my later years, just like lighting with a torch. It's better than walking with a torch or walking in the dark. " Jin Pinggong said, "Well said!" 5, "Ma Shuo" Tang Hanyu originally had Bole, and later there was a swift horse.

A thousand miles away, there are not many boles. Therefore, although there is a famous horse, it is only humiliated by the hands of slaves, and it is not called a thousand miles to die in a trough.

A horse can travel thousands of miles, and a stone can eat it all. People who eat horses don't know that they can travel thousands of miles and still eat.

This is a horse. Although it has the ability to travel thousands of miles, it looks beautiful only because of lack of food and physical strength, and it is impossible to wait with an ordinary horse. Why not ask it to travel thousands of miles? If you don't follow the way, you can't make the best use of it, but if you sing it, you can't understand its meaning. If it is implemented, we must face it and say, "There are no horses in the world!" Oh! Is it really innocent? I really don't know anything about horses. Where there is Bole, there is a swift horse.

There are often swift horses, but Bole is not often. Therefore, even if there is a precious horse, it is only humiliated in the hands of servants and died in the trough (like ordinary horses), and it is not called a swift horse.

A horse that has traveled thousands of miles can sometimes eat a stone of grain after a meal. People who feed horses don't know that they can travel thousands of miles to feed them (like ordinary horses).

Such a horse, even if it has the ability to travel thousands of miles a day, is not full of food and lacks strength, and its talent and excellent quality cannot be shown. If it wants to be like an ordinary horse, how can it be required to walk thousands of miles a day? If you don't whip the swift horse in the right way, you can't try your best to feed it, but you can't understand its meaning when you listen to its neighing. You face it with a whip and say, "The world doesn't exist.

7. Is ancient Chinese the same as classical Chinese? Reference: Modern people think it is the same. But there are also some idioms.

1. Ancient prose also refers to characters in ancient books before and during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Xu Shen said in "Shuo Wen Jie Zi Xu": "Mrs. Zhou wrote fifteen pieces of Da Zhuan, which is different from ancient Chinese." Compare the ancient prose with the big seal script, saying that the ancient prose is a general term for the characters before the Book of Poetry.

2. Ancient prose is also a general term for classical Chinese before the May 4th Movement (generally excluding "parallel prose"). Official script was popular in Han Dynasty, so the font before Qin Dynasty was called ancient prose, especially in Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi.

3. Modern people now refer to the classical Chinese before 1954 as ancient Chinese, which can be divided into three categories: ancient Chinese, middle Chinese and ancient Chinese.