Brief introduction of emperor Wu of Han dynasty

Liu Che (65438 BC+056 BC-87 BC), Han nationality, was a great statesman, strategist, poet and national hero in ancient China. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is the tenth son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Qi, and his mother is Queen Wang Yi. Born in Chang 'an in 157 BC, he died in Zuo Wu Palace in 87 BC at the age of 70. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty became King Jiaodong at the age of 4, Prince at the age of 7, and ascended the throne at the age of 16. In the fifty-fourth year of his reign (BC 14 1- 87 BC), he established the most brilliant achievements of the Western Han Dynasty. Year of use: Jianyuan, Yuanguang, Yuanshuo, Yuanshou, Ding Yuan, Yuanfeng, Taichu, Tianhan, Taishi, Zhenghe and Hou Yuan. Posthumous title's "filial piety" was buried in Maoling.

Politics: In politics, Zhu's suggestion was adopted and an "Enzhi" was promulgated, which weakened the power of vassal states that were enfeoffed in the early Han Dynasty, strengthened centralization and strengthened the supervision system. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also made innovations, including the right to receive photos, the establishment of secretariat, the establishment of a clean government system and other major reforms and innovations. This legal tradition became the basic paradigm of China's imperial system in the next two thousand years. ?

Military: militarily, it is mainly to concentrate military forces and enrich the central military forces; Reform the military system. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to attack the Huns, which made the northern border counties stable, and Zhang Qian was sent to the western regions, which opened up the land supply channel connecting the western regions and even Central Asia in the northwest frontier.

Economy: in the economic aspect, we should pay more attention to agriculture than commerce, rectify our finances, issue "accounting" and "warning" orders, levy a merchant asset tax, and vigorously crack down on profiteers; Sang Hongyang suggested that iron smelting and salt boiling should be taken back to the official camp, and it is forbidden to cast money in counties and States, and five baht money should be cast in a unified way; The establishment of leveling officials and loss-sharing officials, as well as the government's management of transportation and trade, have greatly enhanced the country's economic strength. At the same time, building water conservancy projects, emigrating to the northwest and implementing the "land substitution law" are conducive to the development of agricultural production. Another important measure in the economy was to unify the currency at that time.

Thought: Ideologically, Dong Zhongshu's suggestion was adopted, and Confucianism became the dominant thought in China society, vigorously promoted Confucianism, and established imperial academy in Chang 'an. Confucianism became the orthodox thought of China's feudal rule, which lasted for more than two thousand years and had a far-reaching impact on the politics, society and culture of China in later generations. But it also has disadvantages, that is, it is not conducive to the development of ideological diversification.

Personnel: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also attached great importance to the development of talents. He established an inspection and evaluation system, which is the origin of China's systematic talent selection system and has a great influence on later generations.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty conducted the first population statistics in human history.

Significance: The Western Han Dynasty entered its heyday, which was also the first heyday of China's feudal era.

Diplomatic relations

Launch a war against the Huns

On the one hand, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ended the pro-Xiongnu policy since the Battle of Mayi in 133 and began to formally declare war on Xiongnu. Li Guang, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to conquer the Xiongnu, relieve the Xiongnu threat, recover the Hetao and Hexi Corridor, expand the territory of the Western Region, put the Xiongnu in a passive position and ensure the economic and cultural development of the North.

Send Zhang Qian to the Western Regions.

While waging war against Xiongnu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, which opened up the famous Silk Road, further strengthened its ties with the Western Regions and developed economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West.

Use troops to the northeast and south to expand the territory.

The portrait of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty is in the northeast. Send troops to destroy Weishi Korea (now North Korea), and set up four counties: Le Lang, Xuantu, Lintun and Fan Zhen. At this point, the territory of the Han empire was basically formed.

At the same time, Yelang and Nanyue regimes in the south were attached to the Han Dynasty, and seven counties were established in the southwest, the southernmost of which surpassed Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam today, which also made today's Guangdong and Guangxi regions return to Chinese territory after the Qin Dynasty.

result

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used troops to crusade against Xiongnu and the Western Regions for years, and because of his profligacy in meditation and worship of gods and immortals, he aggravated the corvee and increased taxes, which led to a large number of peasants going bankrupt and exiled. In the second year of Tian Han (the first 99 years), peasant uprisings of different scales broke out in Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Nanyang. However, the attack on Xiongnu made Xiongnu unable to resist the Western Han government and ensured the security of the northern border counties and even the whole country.

Famous officials and generals

General Fu: Huo Guang and Wei Qing.

General Fu Biaoqi: Huo Qubing.

Prime Ministers: Wei Wan, Xu Chang, Tian Fen, Xue Ze, Gong, Zhuang, Zhao Zhou, Gong Sunhe, Liu Quli, Tian.

Autumn: Tian fen.

Physicians: Zhuang, Gong, Zhang Tang, Er Kuan, Du Zhou and Sang Hongyang.

General Lieh: Huo Qubing, Jin Ridi and Shangguan Jie.

Taichang: Wang Zang, Kong Zang and Han Yannian

Lang Zhong Ling: Wang Cang, Li Guang, Li Gan.

Wei Wei: Zhangqian Road, Han Anguo, Li Guang.

Servants: gongsun and gongsheng

Ding Wei: Zhang Tang, Zhao Yu and Guo Ju.

Taihang Ling Dahong: Wang Hui Zhang Qian Qiu

Zong Nong's Order: Liu Shouyan, Yi Sang Hongyang when Zheng Dang was in power

Captain Shao Fu holds: Zhao Yu Li Xi Wang Wenshu Yin Qiyi Yan Sang Hongyang

Dewey: Jiang Chong, Zhu Maichen, Ji 'an.

Civil history: forgiveness and reduction of the sons of Zheng Dangshi, Gong and Ji 'an.

There are also fathers Yan Sima Qian, Su Wu Dong Zhongshu and.

Old age life

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who knew his destiny, also felt the consequences of his political decision-making mistakes in his later years. After appeasing the refugees and worshiping Tang Ming on Mount Tai, Emperor Wu wrote a letter of guilt in Luntai Palace (not Luntai in Xinjiang): "What I have done since I took the throne has made the world miserable and I can't regret it. Let those who have harmed the people and ruined the world from today! " Admit a mistake. Therefore, the world gradually restored harmony, which laid the foundation for the prosperity of Zhao Xuan and ZTE.

The history book "Imperial edict of internal strife" records: "What I have done since I acceded to the throne has made the world miserable, and I can't regret it. From today on, if there is anything that hurts the people and destroys the world, let it go. It is emphasized that "today's task is to ban violence, stop being good at giving and help farmers." "It's not a question of lack of equipment to fill horses. 」

In 88 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked the painter to draw a picture of the Duke of Zhou returning to the DPRK and gave it to Huo Guang, meaning that Huo Guang assisted his youngest son Liu Fuling as emperor. In order to prevent the young mother of the prince, Mrs Gou Jian, from repeating the mistakes of the weighing system, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made up his mind to find an excuse to execute her. In February 87 BC, Emperor Ding Mao of the Han Dynasty died in Zuo Wu Palace at the age of 70. In March, Shen Jia was buried in Maoling, and the temple was named Sejong.

Textual research on emperor wudi's birth year

"Historical records. "The Family of Consoles" clearly records that when this man was in his body, Wang Meiren dreamed that he fell in his arms. Tell the prince, the prince said, "This is an expensive tax." Emperor Xiaowen collapsed before he was born, Emperor Xiaojing ascended the throne, and Mr. Xiaowen was born a man.

Some people think that he was born before 156. For example, Han Shu says: Emperor Xiao, Jing Di Nakano, mother name Wang Meiren. Became king of Jiaodong at the age of four. At the age of seven, he was the crown prince and his mother was the queen. Sixteen years old, in the first month of the last three years, Jingdi collapsed. Jingdi collapsed in March of BC 14 1 year. Based on this calculation, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty should have been born in 156 BC (the ancients counted in nominal years). "Xieji" says: Emperor Wu collapsed at the age of seventy, and Emperor Zhao was eight. The story of Hanwu says: Emperor Wudi was born in Landian on July 7th, which also proves that Emperor Wudi was born in 156 BC. However, some people think that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty could not have been born in BC 156. Because Wendi died in July 157 BC, and Wudi was born in August of the following year, did Liu Che stay in the womb for 400 days? In fact, it is these misunderstandings about historical common sense. If the emperor does not change his mind when he ascended the throne, the second year will be his first year.

However, since the two most authoritative works, Historical Records and Hanshu, especially the Biography of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, recorded that Emperor Wu was born in the first year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (156 BC) and ascended the throne at the age of 16, we should affirm the records of Historical Records and Hanshu.

Therefore, it is certain that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was born in BC 156. Unless you can find more authoritative works than Historical Records and Hanshu.