Is there a ancestral temple in Feixi, Hefei?

Can you read this map? Sanhe town is a town under the jurisdiction of Feixi, near the shore of Chaohu Lake.

I don't know if you are talking about the ancestral temple where Lujiang moved to Feixi or the ancestral temple of Zhang Shusheng, a military commander of the Qing Dynasty.

Ancestral Temple Education of Zhangjia in Lujiang

Dong Xianping and Wu, Guohe Town, Lujiang County

Niushou Junior High School in Lujiang County is located on the north bank of Shijiwan, the north-south bank of Lujiang River, across the Hangbu River and across the Sanjiang River, with a tree-lined campus, which is an ideal place for students to study. The campus consists of two parts. There is an ancient quadrangle in the south, which used to be the wing of the ancestral hall of Zhangjiahu. In the 1920s on the eve of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Jinshi, who built the ancestral temple in Zhangjia, donated a wing, so "Zhang's Private Zhimin Primary School in Lujiang County" was born, which is the predecessor of Niushou Junior High School in Guohe Town, Lujiang County. Since its establishment, the quality of the school has been among the best. In 2007, the comprehensive score of the senior high school entrance examination was the fourth in the county, and Zhang Bin, a descendant of Zhang, won the "naked test" championship. An important reason for the remarkable achievements is that Niushou Middle School has a profound cultural accumulation. The ancestral hall wing built by Zhang Jinshi is used by the school. A cypress tree was planted in the center of the campus. Some people say that it is taken from the meaning of "learn first and then learn". Later, some people were superstitious that the word "wood" in their mouths was "sleepy" and unlucky. Hundreds of years of cypress trees have been cut down. In the war-torn 1920s, the Zhang family was able to dedicate the ancestral temple as a school to "educate the countryside", which showed that the Zhang family was open-minded and broad-minded. Later, this land was full of talented people and simple folk customs, which were inextricably linked with the ancestral temple education of the Zhang family.

First, the origin of Zhang story

"Shiben" said: "Swing the public as a bow, and seek the ocean as the standard." In the Tang Dynasty, Lin Bao wrote Yuan He's usurpation, saying, "Qing Yang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, shines brilliantly. Make bows and arrows, worship the arc star, because of the surname Zhang. " According to TongZhiLue, "the son of" sealed in ",Yin" food in Yin "in Fenzhou. It can be seen that this Zhang family was directly handed down by the Yellow Emperor, which originated in Qingyang, Yin Cheng County, near Jinci in the southwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, and later in this area.

Zhang's ancestral home is in the Central Plains. Why is his family scattered in the boundary of Lujiang County and Village on the bank of Chaohu Lake? Due to the loss of the local Zhang family tree, there is no exact historical data to test. However, judging from the overall development of China's ancient history, it is due to the massive migration of the Central Plains population to the south. From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were four large-scale population movements in northern China to escape the war. From Bashu in the west to Fujian and Zhejiang in the east, a large number of northern people moved in, especially in central Hubei and Hunan, including southern Anhui. According to Liang's Statistics of Household Registration and Land Taxes in China in Past Dynasties, in the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), the population of southern China was 210.626 million, and the population of northern China was 29.35 million. By the first year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1.078), the population of southern China had increased to 56.888 million, and that of northern China was 33.984 million. Relatively speaking, the population in the north of China moved to the south in large numbers, with a slow growth, while the population in the south moved in in large numbers, with a rapid growth. The Zhang family in Guo Hejie should belong to the immigrants in this period. According to Zhang's elders, the ancestor Zhang brothers moved to Lujiang from Huizhou in southern Anhui in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, Lujiang area was also the land of rivers and the shore of Chaohu Lake, with humid climate, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and smooth traffic, which was very suitable for settlement and farming. In an underdeveloped farming society, it is undoubtedly an ideal place for human life and reproduction. Today, there are still many ancient place names named after Chaohu Lake. For example, "the lake is a little fair" means that it used to be a little bit of Chaohu Lake, surrounded by lakes. Out of the mountainous area in southern Anhui, Lao Ba moved to Changfeng Wei, Baishan and Lujiang County, now called Bagongtang, and Zhang Xingjiu settled in Wei Village, Hebei Province, now Guo. After hundreds of years of vicissitudes, the Zhangjia family business has gradually emerged, with a prosperous population and a prosperous official career. Gradually become a famous local family, the place name of "Zhangjiahu" has been determined and has been passed down. Families who have experienced the war will pay more attention to the "education" of their own people. Humanism is deeply rooted.

Second, Zhang Jinshi built the ancestral temple school

1, the legend of Zhang Jinshi

When it comes to "Zhang's Private Zhimin Primary School in Lujiang County" in JiaHe Zhang, there is one person we can't forget, and that is Zhang Jinshi, who is the pride of the Zhang family. Zhang Jinshi was the158th Jinshi in the late Qing Dynasty. His real name was Feng Wei, and he was the 17th grandson of Zhang. The late builder of Zhang's ancestral hall. Brilliant literary talent, several pages of existing manuscripts are precious (see Figure 2), among which On Russia was once highly praised by the emperor. Zhang Jinshi served as county magistrate of two counties, first in Huilai County outside Shanhaiguan, and then in Nanhai, Guangdong Province. During Huilai's tenure, Zhang Jinshi was an honest official and was deeply loved by the people. Legend has it that on the way to the South China Sea after the expiration of Huilai County Order, people lined up on both sides of the street to bid farewell, and there were stops along the way. After three years in Nanhai County, Zhang Jinshi, with his superhuman talent, won the 18th first prize in Guangdong Province, thus winning the favor of Zhang, then chairman of Guangdong Province, and the court rewarded him handsomely. Three years later, Zhang Jinshi returned home from disarmament, retired to the countryside, and built a building, which was famous in 13 townships. At this time, his family business is at its peak. On his deathbed, Zhang Jinshi told his family that "the old man is moving today, holding the inkstone to protect his son", which shows that he attaches importance to the development and education of the Zhang family. Because of this, Zhang Jinshi rebuilt the ancestral temple in the early years of the Republic of China, and destroyed the 15 wing rooms on both sides during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the Qing Dynasty. "Dongying supply and marketing, education in the west." Therefore, the birth of "Zhang's Private Zhimin Primary School in Lujiang County" in the 1920s on the eve of the Anti-Japanese War and the glory of Niushou Junior High School in Guohe Town, Lujiang County today.

2. The humanistic connotation of ancestral temple.

The formation and development of ancestral temple buildings in China are closely related to the politics, economy, ideology, culture and people's psychology in ancient China. The word ancestral temple officially appeared in the Han Dynasty. Hanshu? "Biography of Zhang Anshi" said: "If Du Dong is entrusted, it will be used to bury the ancestral hall." . In the Song Dynasty, ancestral temples with the nature of family temples began to appear in some literati classes at that time. Zhu, a Neo-Confucianism scholar in the Song Dynasty, said in "Family Rites": "A gentleman will camp in the palace and set up a ancestral hall in the east of the dormitory first." After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the ancestral temple in China developed rapidly, and Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty "allowed the whole people to establish the ancestral temple together". So the powerful families looked at the door and sighed, and built temples in succession.

In ancient China society with patriarchal clan system as the core, ancestral temples played a very important role in people's minds. Song Zhuxi said in "Family Gifts": "If there is a water thief, first save the ancestral temple, remove the suicide note, then the sacrifice, and then the family wealth." During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, more emphasis was placed on "clan rights of ancestral halls", and ancestral halls became the core and symbol of feudal patriarchal clan system. Under the Confucian ethics of "three cardinal guides and five permanents", the ancestral temple is regarded as above everything else and has a sacred and inviolable position. Powerful families have built temples and shrines, "to recognize their ancestors and show off their family history." During the Qing Dynasty (AD 1825), the ancestral hall of the Zhang family was grandly completed under the auspices of the descendants of the Zhang family, which was an unprecedented and remarkable victory in the society at that time, especially in the Zhang family. The ancestral temple was the first of the five counties of Shu, Lu, Chao, Feixi and Tongcheng at that time, and it was second to none even in Anhui. In particular, the use of a part of the ancestral temple as a school can be described as well-intentioned, which also increases its humanistic connotation.

From the archaeological point of view, the existence of this ancestral hall is of great historical value for studying the society, history, humanities, ethics, architecture and art of our county during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its "ancestral temple education" has also become a beautiful scenery in the development of education in our county. Mace is afraid of injury.