Prevention of "College Entrance Examination Immigrants" in Ancient China

We often talk about college entrance examination immigrants now, so we wonder if this happened in ancient times. Let's take a look at this article on how to prevent college entrance examination immigrants in ancient China.

One day in July of the forty-second year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong, known as the perfect old man, was 67 years old, but he was not confused at all. He still has the energy to meet Zhang Tingtai, the Zhejiang filing officer, in the palace. In a word, a six-product official can see the face of the sun, which can be described as a mighty emperor.

But that's the problem. As usual, the emperor will ask local officials about their place of origin, place of origin, resume, etc., to show cordial concern. Zhang replied that he was from Shuntianfu (now Beijing), and the shrewd Emperor Qianlong recognized the Shaoxing accent. This was a big event at that time. Local officials who hold local posts violate the avoidance system; Second, Zhang may have taken advantage of Shuntian Tianfu to participate in scientific research in Beijing. Although Zhang Tingtai recalled that he and his father lived in Shaoxing for several years and learned the local accent. Qianlong was still furious, said the monkey. I recognized a southern accent in two sentences. Are you people who judge sounds and hints for a living?

What is an examiner? This is specially set up to crack down on scientific research immigrants, that is, to take a pseudonym.

In the Qing Dynasty, there were strict regulations on the registration place of exams. Grandfather has been naturalized in a certain place for more than 20 years, and there are ancestral graves, fields and houses in the local area before he can register for the exam. Later, candidates were naturalized for more than 20 years before they were allowed to take the exam. The imperial court took such preventive measures against impersonation in order to balance the interests of all parts of the unified empire to the greatest extent and maintain political stability.

In fact, there were measures to prevent counterfeiting in the Song Dynasty, but because the territory was not as big as that in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the economic and cultural development in various places was relatively balanced, this regulation was not very strict. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was different. The empire has a vast territory and a large number of scholars, but the development of economy, culture and education in various places is extremely uneven, which requires policy tilt in some places. Deng Yunxiang introduced in the eight-part essay of Qing Dynasty: Juren has been stereotyped in various provinces. Generally, there are only a few hundred or zero students, so the difficulty and degree of the exam are very different between the provinces with developed culture and the remote provinces with poor culture. For example, there are more than 10,000 test sites in Jiangning, Jiangnan (that is, Gong Yuan) and Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and there are more than 10,000 candidates, but the admission ratio is about 1%, that is, only one out of more than 100 can be selected.

Although there are few places for admission in remote provinces, there are few people taking the exam and the education is underdeveloped. For example, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, where the style of writing is at its peak, are obviously much better than this province. Zhili, where the capital is located, has always been taken care of by the imperial court. The enrollment quota is the largest in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and the local Jinshi examination level is not as good as that in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. This is also the reason why Jiangnan Jinshi likes to take the Shuntian exam.

However, the punishment of the dynasty is like an elastic band. Different emperors have different degrees of severity. During the Jiajing period, Tao Dashun, the top scholar in the super exam and a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, won the first prize (the top five) in the name of Shuntian, which was great and eye-catching, and was denounced and deprived of jury qualification. However, this time the court was very kind and did not disqualify him from future exams. A few years later, Zhejiang Province took the fourth place in the exam, followed by the ugly Jinshi, and the official to the left deputy was the second in command of discipline inspection and supervision.

From the Qing Dynasty to the Kangxi period, candidates began to test pronunciation, and whether or not to impersonate was determined by accent. However, China is an individual society, and the parents and grandparents of the cheaters are mostly powerful officials, so they often turn a blind eye to the censors and accommodate the feelings of others. So there was a scene in which Lord Qianlong denounced the disrespectful thing of the suggestion.