At present, China is faced with national problems at home and abroad, national reality and how to deal with them.

The first level, global ethnic issues. It is mainly manifested in the ethnic problems caused by the western powers led by the United States pursuing hegemonism and power politics and infringing or damaging the national interests of other countries in the world. This is a prominent manifestation of contemporary global ethnic problems.

The second level, regional ethnic issues. There are three main forms: one is pan-nationalism. Here refers to the people who once lived in the same empire or country, demanding the resurrection and revival of the empire or country that existed in history. The second is great nationalism. It calls for the same ethnic group scattered in various countries to establish an independent national state or merge into a country with this ethnic group as the main ethnic group. The third is religious nationalism. It advocates transcending ethnic and racial boundaries, taking the same religious beliefs as the link, taking believers as the nationals, and establishing a country that integrates politics and religion.

The third level is the ethnic problem within a country. Mainly manifested in the relationship between the main ethnic groups and ethnic minorities, indigenous ethnic groups and immigrants, large ethnic groups and small ethnic groups, and ethnic groups. This is essentially a question of equality.

Ethnic issues are very important and complicated. Therefore, only by using the broad vision of the world, profoundly grasping the objective laws of the development of the world's ethnic issues, accurately grasping the characteristics of the times of the world's ethnic issues, and being good at observing and thinking about China's ethnic issues from the international environment can we see them more profoundly, comprehensively and in the longer term.

Take history as a mirror and conscientiously sum up experiences and lessons.

First, summarize and study the experience and lessons of dealing with ethnic issues in China's history. China has been a multi-ethnic country since ancient times. Throughout history, if the ethnic problems of any dynasty are handled well, its economy and culture will be prosperous, its social politics will be stable and its comprehensive national strength will be strong. For example, the rule of Wenjing in the Western Han Dynasty, the rule of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty, and the prosperity of Kanggan in the Qing Dynasty were all due to the implementation of a more enlightened ethnic policy and the better handling of ethnic issues, so economic development, social stability, and strong national strength.

The second is to summarize the experience and lessons of dealing with ethnic issues in the proletarian movement. The lessons of the former Soviet Union in dealing with ethnic issues are extremely profound. The disintegration of the Soviet Union, drastic changes in Eastern Europe and unresolved ethnic issues are important reasons. In the later period of Stalin's administration, he promoted Russian chauvinism, denied ethnic differences and characteristics, and artificially assimilated ethnic groups, which seriously hurt the ethnic feelings of ethnic minorities. Ethnic relations became increasingly tense and ethnic contradictions accumulated. Gorbachev put forward "new thinking" after he took office, and changed from "extreme left" to "extreme right" on ethnic issues, which actually denied Marxist ethnic theory. This led to the proliferation of national separatism and made the national crisis a part of the overall crisis of Soviet society.

The third is to summarize the experience and lessons of the third wave of world nationalism. Many experts and scholars who study ethnic issues believe that there were three waves of world nationalism in the 20th century.

The first wave of world nationalism occurred around the end of the First World War. Under the influence of the First World War, the independent liberation movement of oppressed peoples swept across vast areas of Asia, that is, the "Asian Awakening", affecting many countries in Africa and Latin America.

The second wave of world nationalism occurred from the end of World War II to the early 1960s. Mainly manifested in: colonial countries demand to get rid of the political and economic control of the suzerain country and realize national independence and liberation.

The third wave of world nationalism occurred in the late 1980s and early 1990s. With the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and the intensification of ethnic contradictions, racial hatred and religious disputes under the bipolar pattern, the national separation movement in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe rose sharply. The former Soviet Union disintegrated into 65,438+05 countries, Yugoslavia was divided into six and Czechoslovakia was divided into two. At the same time, the wave of national separatism spread to other parts of the world. This wave is directed at the federalism of multi-ethnic countries, mainly because the ethnic minorities in a country have gained independence from the original federalism.

It can be seen that only by profoundly absorbing the experience and lessons of dealing with ethnic issues at home and abroad can our policies and measures stand the test of history, practice and various risk challenges.

With a global strategic vision, we must focus on the overall situation and consider the overall situation. At the same time, we should deeply and comprehensively understand the present situation and clearly understand our own position. At present, we should pay attention to the following overall situation:

First, we must grasp that China has been and will be in for a long time.

The primary stage of socialism is the basic national condition. When we talk about the basic national conditions in the primary stage, we can't leave the important factor of nationality. The basic situation of our nation can be summarized in five words: First, there are many. There are 56 ethnic groups in China, 55 of which are ethnic minorities. According to the fifth national census, the population of ethnic minorities is more than 1 100 million, accounting for 8.4438+0% of the total population in China. Almost all counties and cities in China have more than two ethnic groups living together. The second is long. 56 ethnic groups have a long history, and most of them were formed in this land of China. The third is big. Ethnic regional autonomous areas have a large area, accounting for 64% of China's territory. The fourth is the edge. There are 19000 kilometers of land borders in ethnic minority areas, and 107 in ethnic minority areas and 35 border counties. 2 1 10,000 border population, nearly half of them are ethnic minorities. The fifth is poverty. Due to historical and natural reasons, the level of productivity, cultural development and people's living standards of ethnic minorities are backward. The contents contained in these five words are an important part of the national conditions in the primary stage of socialism, and we must not ignore them when studying and formulating development strategies and policies and measures.

The second is to grasp the new environment of reform, opening up and socialist market economy. We should pay special attention to the study and handling of three issues: First, how to fully implement the Party's ethnic policies under the conditions of market economy and how to formulate new ethnic policies in market competition. Second, in the market economy and fierce market competition, how to consolidate and develop the socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony. Third, on the premise of respecting the law of value and stressing efficiency, how to promote the prosperity of all ethnic groups and avoid polarization.

The third is to grasp the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Building a well-off society in an all-round way is the common aspiration, goal and task of people of all ethnic groups in China. At present, the well-off society in China is low-level, incomplete and unbalanced, especially in ethnic areas. Therefore, the key and difficult point of building a well-off society in an all-round way lies in ethnic areas. Fundamentally speaking, without a well-off society in ethnic areas, it cannot be said that the whole country has achieved a well-off society in an all-round way, and without modernization in ethnic areas, it cannot be said that the whole country has achieved modernization.

The fourth is to grasp the strategic task of building a harmonious socialist society. Ethnic relations are the most important social relations in multi-ethnic countries. Constantly consolidating and developing socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony is an important content and guarantee for building a harmonious society. We should fully realize that in our multi-ethnic country, without the harmonious coexistence of all ethnic groups, there will be no social stability and unity; Without the harmonious development of the nation, there will be no prosperity of the country; Without national harmony, there will be no prosperity of the Chinese nation.

To correctly handle the ethnic issues in contemporary China, we should highlight the key points and grasp a basic theory, that is, our party's basic theory on ethnic issues; Grasping a theme is the theme of * * unity and struggle * * prosperity and development of all ethnic groups proposed by General Secretary Hu Jintao; Grasping a cause is the great cause of national unity and progress; Grasping a core is to accelerate the economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic areas; Grasping a system is the basic political system of regional ethnic autonomy; Grasping a key is to vigorously train and select minority cadres.

Since the reform and opening up, there have been three major breakthroughs in the theory and practice of ethnic issues. First, completely deny the wrong view that "the essence of ethnic problems is class problems" in the socialist period, and point out that the key to solving ethnic problems is development. The second is to profoundly reveal the basic connotation of ethnic issues and establish accelerating development as the core of doing a good job in ethnic work and strengthening ethnic unity. Thirdly, it is clearly pointed out that the theme of ethnic work is the common struggle and prosperity of all ethnic groups.

The basic viewpoint of "two whatevers" was put forward by our party in various historical periods and persisted in practice. However, it is the creative application and development of the new central leading collective to integrate and organically unify the "two similarities" as the theme of ethnic work.

Grasping the theme of * * * United struggle and * * * prosperity and development, we can grasp the basis of correctly handling ethnic issues and doing well ethnic work under the new situation, and we can constantly create a new situation in ethnic work in the historical process of building a well-off society in an all-round way.