Do you agree with the multi-origin theory of human beings or the African origin theory?

do you think human beings are multi-origin or African origin? Neither of the above is true. Humans are from the Betelgeuse system in Orion. After aliens came to earth, they developed to the world with China as the starting point. There is evidence to put forward such an argument. This is the crystal ape-man head with images of human origin discovered by China. Only in this way can the ultimate evidence solve the mystery of human origin.

I agree with human's theory of African origin. According to the available evidence, this is the most logical explanation of human evolution. And the evidence is very sufficient.

Fossil and genetic evidence show that modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved in Africa about 25, years ago, which corresponds to the end of the geological period known as the Middle Pleistocene. The oldest fossil of Homo sapiens was found in the northern margin of Turkana Basin in southern Ethiopia, and was discovered by Richard Leakey in the Omokibish Formation (stratigraphic name) in 1967. The history of these fossils and their related stone tools can be traced back to about 195, years ago, or the early marine isotope stage (stratigraphic name). No human fossils older than African Homo sapiens fossils have been found outside Africa so far, and the age of human fossils found outside Africa is much later than that of African fossils.

Above: A large number of human fossils have been found all over Africa, most of which predate those outside Africa.

The oldest fossil of modern humans outside Africa was found in Israel, with only a toothed jaw and an estimated age of 194, years. Before the discovery of this fossil, the earliest modern human fossils unearthed outside Africa were only 9, to 12, years old.

Therefore, the oldest human fossils appeared in Africa, which is a relatively strong fossil evidence.

Above: This fossil of Homo sapiens' jaw discovered in Israel is the oldest Homo sapiens fossil outside Africa so far.

Theoretically, mitochondria are only inherited from the maternal line (although there is evidence that they may be inherited from the paternal line, this situation often leads to metabolic diseases and may not interfere with the maternal genetic pedigree), and because mitochondrial DNA is more conservative than DNA in the nucleus, it may be more accurate to estimate the historical time of long-span human evolution by using the mutant site of mitochondria than by using the y chromosomal mutation site of the paternal line. According to the tree inheritance relationship of mitochondrial mutation sites and the statistical average interval of single site mutation, the time distance between different races can be estimated.

The appearance time of the earliest modern human fossils mentioned above is consistent with the estimated time point of genetic pedigree differentiation according to the diversity of mitochondrial DNA of all modern races (and the estimation of Y chromosome pedigree is also roughly consistent), which double confirms the hypothesis that human beings originated in Africa. Although the new genome data questioned many previous historical reconstruction results based on mtDNA, mtDNA and Y chromosome genetic pedigree are still important time measurement basis.

And according to genetic evidence, we can learn more about prehistoric people, such as population. The present situation of human genetic diversity shows that the population of the earliest ancestors (all living people at that time) was very small, only a few thousand people. Such a small population scale, combined with the subsequent population expansion and contraction, caused the unique genetic characteristics of our human lineage (including our sister lineage, Neanderthals).

Above: Comparison of nuclear DNA inheritance and mitochondrial DNA inheritance. Mitochondrial inheritance is maternal inheritance, which means that it is only passed down by daughters.

Such a small population should have confined the ancient human population to a specific geographical area at that time. However, according to the study of two evolutionary branches of basic human mtDNA (L and L1-6), during the Ice Age (Marine Isotope No.6 [MIS6], 19,-13, years ago), the ancestral population of human beings became fragmented. Since then, some genetic differences (such as those between Khoisan people and Bantu people) observed among various groups in Africa today have accumulated until now.

Above: The average face of the Khoisan people in Africa. They are the oldest people with the greatest genetic difference from other human races, and they are very different from other races on the earth. Although they are called "Mongolians in Africa", they are actually more genetically different from Mongolians than other races in Africa.

Above: The average face of Bantu people. There are obvious differences in appearance and genes between Bantu and Khoisan. In Africa, the genetic differences between many indigenous races are much greater than those between Europeans and East Asians, which means that the ethnic diversity in Africa is very obvious.

Now we can observe that Africa has the richest genetic diversity, while the ethnic diversity outside Africa is much lower. This is also a strong evidence of the origin of human beings in Africa.

Above: The diversity gradient of morphology (red) and genes (red) shows the expansion effect in Africa. That is to say, as can be seen from the above map, from Africa to Asia, the morphological diversity of human beings is gradually decreasing, and the genetic diversity of human beings is also decreasing. It clearly shows a trend of spreading from Africa to Asia.

Before the evolution of Homo sapiens, African Homo erectus and early Homo sapiens should have left Africa many times and spread to major continents outside Africa, especially Europe and Asia. These distant ancestors of human beings with different stages of evolution have evolved a lot of varieties in their respective times. Peking Man (Peking Man), which we China people are most familiar with, is one of the species of Homo erectus. In addition, Yuanmou Man and Lantian Man, which we are familiar with, are earlier Homo erectus varieties. Homo erectus was very primitive, just stood up and shed all his hair, but fortunately, the climate of the earth was mild in their time, so Homo erectus easily spread all over Asia and Europe and flourished. Fossils of Homo erectus are common in China, in fact, they are common in Eurasia, and the species is very complicated.

Peking man lived between 7, and 2, years ago (fossils were lost, so it is impossible to date exactly), which is far beyond the time when the earliest Homo sapiens appeared in Africa. In the geological period when Peking Man lived, no Homo sapiens fossils or remains were found in China. This is not because archaeologists did not work hard, but it is more likely that there were no Homo sapiens living in this land at that time.

As mentioned earlier, so far, the earliest Homo sapiens fossils outside Africa can only be dated back to 194, years ago. The earliest Homo sapiens in China (more primitive than Homo sapiens, the ancestor of Homo sapiens) can only be traced back to 2, years ago. The concept of early Homo sapiens may be equivalent to early Neanderthals and Heidelberg people, such as dali man in Shaanxi (2, years ago). Others, such as Maba people in Guangdong and Dingcun people in Shanxi, were varieties 1, years ago.

Because many people are not clear about the classification concepts of these Homo erectus and early Homo erectus, and some domestic academic circles are too strong in local consciousness, many people regard the local evolution of human beings as an authentic theory. But in fact, compared with fossil evidence, the evidence logic of genetics seems to be more rigorous and powerful. Today's commercial genetic testing services often provide testing reports based on the evolution of Africa, and you can know how your ancestors went from Africa to their current residence by spending hundreds of dollars.

Above: Not all Homo erectus were our ancestors. We are only descendants of one of them who lives in Africa. Homo erectus outside Africa is not like our ancestors, including Peking Man.

Our ancestors "don't have to be born in this land where we live now". We should be outsiders. Why can't we accept this fact? The theory of African origin tells a very true and legendary story, which I can fully accept both scientifically and emotionally.

support the African origin theory, also known as the single origin theory. We don't need to know archaeological evidence to hold this view, but some confirmed events tell us that the theory of multi-origin is absurd.

For example, to understand what is the origin of many places, the general idea is that monkeys living on all continents of the earth, after hundreds of years of cultivation, achieved positive results at the same time about 6, years ago, and announced their wisdom. White monkeys live in Europe and become white; Black monkeys live in Asia and become black people; The yellow monkey lives in Asia and becomes a yellow man. If there are people with more skin colors, just add monkeys with several colors.

my main business now is growing soybeans. Knowing that soybean originated in China 4, years ago, I called this crop "Zizania latifolia" or "Zizania latifolia" after I got the text. Now, there are varieties such as yellow soybean, green soybean, black soybean, green soybean and bean sprouts in the land of Northeast China alone. No one whimsically thinks that they are the ancestors of yellow, green, black and green soybeans, respectively, which were cultivated by human ancestors. In that case, the original ancestors of China are too skinny. Similarly, we also admit that corn, watermelon and potato are not native crops in China, in other words, both sweet potato and purple potato are of single origin.

The single origin of human beings has been recognized by the scientific community, and only some racists prefer the multi-origin theory. This argument is exactly the same as the Indian caste system: Brahmanism claims that the gods made Brahmins with their mouths, Kashatri with their hands, Vedas with their legs, and sudra with their feet, which divided the whole people into strict classes. The mouth, hands, legs and feet of the gods created different people, which is obviously the theory of multi-origin. More interestingly, this theory of multi-origin was declared by the highest caste.

The root-seeking technology of modern genes is hard to refute. In fact, "mother" and "father" in the sense of genetics have been found. The "mother" came from Africa more than 1 thousand years ago, and the "father" came from Africa more than tens of thousands of years ago.

this is enough to prove the lineage, and the singleness of lineage is relatively reliable.

However, I think the origin of civilization and the origin of race are two different things, and a single lineage does not mean a single origin.

Western scholars (including many domestic scholars) have deduced the "Homo sapiens Conquest Theory" based on the concept of genetics. There are even specialized works (for example, We Are All Cannibals was very popular last year). But I am skeptical about this view.

I remember an experiment: scientists put several monkeys on a closed island and let them contact with the original monkeys on the island. A few years later, scientists came to the island again and found that all the newborn monkeys were descendants of exotic monkeys. Scientists used male monkeys in this launch, so they came to the conclusion that female monkeys admire outsiders more.

A similar conclusion should be reached in human genetic research, that is, humans are more inclined to choose partners with greater genetic distance.

what do you mean by all this? It is to show that the replacement of bloodline does not necessarily require war, and natural selection can also be used. As a latecomer, "Homo sapiens" may also win through "charm" rather than "war".

and if this hypothesis holds. It means that although bloodline is a single origin, culture and civilization can originate from many places.

In the second hypothesis, Homo sapiens and Neanderthals and Denisovans existed for a long time. This assumption is also based on the absence or small amount of war. As the latecomers and immigrants of civilization, they actively integrate into local culture, absorb and inherit local culture and civilization, and still support the multi-origin of civilized culture, which also enables Homo sapiens to support the multi-origin as an heir.

the third hypothesis, which respects all the conclusions of genetics and archaeology (many Homo sapiens caves have found other human bones that have been eaten). However, it is assumed that Homo sapiens has been dominated and enslaved for a long time in competition with local primitive humans. As the bottom human beings, they won the final victory by relying on strong fertility, while primitive people kept apartheid because of their pure bloodline and other demands, but gradually died out because of close relatives, superior life and aristocratic war. It is still very possible to hold this assumption in reality, that is, the rulers will eventually become a minority and eventually die out (after the Qing Dynasty, Manchu not only became a minority, but also was quickly digested by the mainstream nationalities). If this hypothesis is established, there is still the theoretical possibility of multi-origin of culture and civilization, and the substitution relationship of bloodlines is also very mild, and Homo sapiens is still the heir of the original ethnic group.

There is no doubt about the origins of civilizations and cultures in many places. Even without considering the situation of early human beings, the remains of four ancient civilizations are enough to illustrate this point.

Returning to the origin of race from the point of bloodline, even though the genes of other races are very rare in our body, we still can't completely deny the multi-origin of race. Referring to my three assumptions above, any one of them, if established or partially established, will make us the inheritors of native human beings.

The origin of human beings on the earth did not originate in Africa. Because the earth does not revolve and rotate around the sun. The earth is facing the sun head-on in its own orbit, and it makes two angles of attack in its own orbit. A negative elevation angle, a positive elevation angle, the negative angle of attack is in the eastern hemisphere of the earth, China, Asia, and the positive elevation angle is in the western hemisphere of Africa. Humans came to the earth from the universe by electric speed-sensing aircraft. The universe human beings use the electric probe of light speed in the universe to detect that there is a green planet in the star system of the universe. The analysis of the data detected by cosmic human beings shows that this green planet should be the reproduction of cosmic human beings. They choose the genetic information of human beings in the universe, and use the most advanced means of transportation of human beings in the universe, "the electric speed-sensing aircraft". Send the genetic information of human beings in the universe to the center of the earth axis of revolution and rotation of this planet. It is the eastern hemisphere of today's earth, namely, Shijingzi, Shijingzi Slope, Shanshuping, Chadianzi Town, Badong County, China, Asia. After the human beings in the universe have lived and multiplied here. Only from Asia, China, Hubei Province, Badong County, Chadianzi Town, Sanxikou Shanshuping Shijingzi Slope Shijingzi, went to the world. Because the earth is in its own orbit, it has a different environment to receive the solar electricity, light speed and radiation. Cosmic human beings have formed a variety of skin colors and races on the earth. Yellow people are mainly concentrated in Asia, and they belong to the true color of human skin in the universe. Humans go to Europe, which is surrounded by oceans, and there are many oceans in the African continent. The reflected water reflected by the sunlight at the speed of light on the ocean surface is mapped to the mainland, making human skin white. That is, white people today. After mankind went to Africa, there were two elevation angles formed by the revolution and rotation of the earth to the sun, one was negative elevation angle, and the other was positive elevation angle. The positive elevation angle of the earth's revolution and rotation is the place where it receives the strongest radiation from the sun. In the environment where the sun's speed of light is strong, human skin has formed a natural protective color to protect human subcutaneous muscle tissue from the damage of the sun's electric light-speed radiation. It formed black, which is today's black people. In fact, there is only one human genetic information code on the earth today, and he has no two genetic information codes. This is the whole process of human evolution on the earth. Prehistoric humans of the earth regarded Asia in the eastern hemisphere of the earth, and Shijingzi in Sanxikou Shanshuping Shijingzi Town, Chadianzi Town, Badong County, Hubei Province, China Province, really took electricity for human beings in the universe.