The descendants of the Khitans live there.

The Khitan nationality has disappeared. Now the Daur people have a deep relationship with the Qidan people, and they regard the Qidan people as their ancestors. For details, please see below: What are the real Khitans like in history? What kind of ups and downs did Da Liao, once a great hero in the history of Chinese civilization, experience? Where did this nomadic people, who created splendid civilization, finally flow in the vortex of dynasty turmoil? On June 24, 2003, 1 1, several seemingly ordinary computer-generated drawings attracted the attention of the whole country. Based on the skull of a Khitan noblewoman unearthed from the Liao tomb in Turkestan Mountain, Inner Mongolia, researchers from the Frontier Archaeological Research Center of Jilin University successfully restored her skull image by using computer three-dimensional technology, and showed the realistic rendering of the restored image, which made another major breakthrough in the once-silent study of Khitan history and nationalities. Through the flashing screen, a Khitan woman with fresh face and exquisite clothes came to us leisurely from the depths of distant history ... The Khitans established the Great Liao Kingdom and ruled the north for 2 10 years. Qidan was originally a branch of Donghu, an ancient ethnic group in the pre-Qin period, and lived in the Huangshui River basin in the upper reaches of Liaohe River. The word "Qidan" originated from a self-proclaimed nation, and its meanings have always been varied, including "wrought iron", "sword" and "cold". Before the Sui Dynasty, all ministries in Qidan lived by nomadism. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Khitans formed a relatively stable alliance of Yamato and Eight Departments, with 43,000 soldiers and a total population of more than 200,000. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan sent an envoy to the DPRK, and Xuanzong asked Li, the leader of the Khitan, not to be the king of Songmo County. Since then, the forces of the Khitan have risen rapidly and won the war with Shi Wei, Gu Wu and other ethnic minorities. In 907 AD, Lu Ye Baoji was officially founded, proclaimed emperor, with the title of Qidan. In the first year of Emperor Taizong's Datong reign (AD 947), Qidan changed its name to Liao, and since then it has ruled the vast land north of Baigou River (now northern Hebei) for 2 10 years. Liao Dynasty has a vast territory, including nomadic, fishing and hunting nationalities such as Qidan, Han people and Bohai people. The rulers of Liao Dynasty practiced "one country, two systems", and set officials in the north and south. Officials in the south imitated the system of Tang Dynasty to manage the counties of Han people. Northern officials ruled the Khitan and Xi populations according to the customs of nomadic people. After the founding of New China, the Khitan characters "big" and "small" were created, and the advanced factors of China culture were constantly absorbed. The emperors of Liao Dynasty all spoke Chinese, and a large number of writers, poets and painters emerged among the Qidan nobles. 1 125 years, the Liao Dynasty perished. The year before, some Khitans headed north with the poems written by the imperial clan of Liao Dynasty. In A.D. 1 134, Yelvshi, who moved to Central Asia, led some Khitans to rebuild the Liao regime, which was called Western Liao in history, and gradually faded out of all ethnic groups in China and merged into a part of all ethnic groups in Central Asia. After the demise of Liao Dynasty, some Khitans merged into Mongolia, North Korea and other ethnic minorities, while others entered Hebei, Shanxi and other places, and their own characteristics gradually faded. When Mongolia destroyed the gold, they were regarded as Han Chinese by Mongolian rulers together with Jurchen. As a complete nation, the Khitan ceased to exist in the Yuan Dynasty. DNA sequencing proved that Daur people and Yunnan "I" are descendants of the Khitan people. The disappearance of the Khitan nationality has puzzled many scholars. Don't they have direct descendants? The Khitans have always been regarded as ancestors. Are the Daur people in Yunnan really their direct descendants? With all kinds of doubts, the reporter made a special trip to interview Mr. Liu, a researcher at the Institute of Ethnic Studies of China Academy of Social Sciences. In Mr. Liu's narrative, the fog of history gradually dispersed ... The Daur nationality has a long history in northern China. Daur, originally meaning "cultivator", was first seen in the literature in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. During the Qianlong period, when the Qing court revised the national interpretation of Three History of Qin Dynasty, it proposed that "Dahe" in Liao history was the ancestor of Daur people. In modern Daur language, although many words come from Mongolian and Manchu, some words are unique to them. Daur people call iron "number", which is strikingly consistent with the title of iron by Qidan people in Liao history. The three surnames A, Mang and Jiang, who live in western Yunnan, are more than 100,000 "I". Although scattered in Baoshan, Dali and other places, they belong to Han, Yi, Brown, Wa and other ethnic groups, but they all claim to be descendants of Qidan. There are many relics in Baoshan city, which preserve the historical memory of the Khitan people. On the door of the Jiangs Ancestral Hall in Mugualang Village, Shidian County, there is such a couplet: "There are thousands of trees in front of the court, and there is spring in Mangjiang Temple". "Lu Ye" is the first surname of the Qidan nationality in Liao Dynasty. A stone carving found in my cemetery in Changning County records the owner of the tomb: "I was originally from Liaodong, but later I was changed. The descendants of Baoji wandered around and ... immigrated to Shunning in western Yunnan to find food." In the early 1990s, Mr. Chen Naixiong, a famous Mongolian expert, visited Baoshan in detail, and compared 326 words of "I" with multi-ethnic characters. It is found that more than 100 of them belong to Altaic language family, which proves that there is indeed some connection between "I" language and Daur language. In the middle and late 1990s, the emerging molecular archaeology provided practical and effective help to finally solve this problem. Molecular archaeology can find out the internal genetic relationship by extracting the DNA of various ancient creatures and comparing their sequencing results, and the conclusion is very scientific. When the Institute of Ethnology of China Academy of Social Sciences cooperated with Yang and Liu Chunyun of China Academy of Medical Sciences to study the topic of "Molecular Archaeology", the study of the descendants of the Khitan was listed as an important content. The research group first collected blood samples from Daur, Ewenki, Mongolian, Han and other ethnic groups, then went south to Baoshan, Yunnan, and took 100 blood samples of "I", and then took the road to Leshan, Sichuan, where a small specimen was extracted from the female corpse of Qidan unearthed from Yeluyu family tomb in Inner Mongolia. After completing the DNA sequencing of the remains of Khitan, Daur, Mongolian, Oroqen, Han and Yunnan "I", the research group conducted a rigorous comparison test, and finally came to the conclusion that among Daur, Ewenki, Mongolian and Han, Daur has the closest genetic relationship with Khitan, while "I" in Shidian, Baoshan, Yunnan is similar to Daur. After following the Jurchen Mongols around, the descendants of the Khitans were scattered all over the country, and many Khitans were sent by the Jurchen to the northern frontier to build a fortified "Golden Street Trench" to defend against the Mongolian attack, and then stationed there. After the Jin Dynasty, a part of the Khitans stationed in the war moved northward, maintaining a relatively large and complete ethnic group. This part of the Khitan people is the ancestor of Daur people today. Yunnan "I" originated from the descendants of the Khitans sent to Yunnan by the Mongols in the Yuan Dynasty. After the demise of the Liao Dynasty, some Khitans joined Genghis Khan under the leadership of Lu Ye Tuhua, the royal family of the Liao Dynasty. In A.D. 1254, his grandson Lu Ye was busy destroying Dali with Kublai Khan in ancient times and was ordered to lead the army to stay in Yunnan. The lawsuit between Asura, chief of Shidian and Si Afeng, chief of Fengxi, recorded in Yunnan Tusi No.2 in the Ming Dynasty, is the third generation grandson of busy ancient times, and Asura is regarded as the ancestor by the contemporary "I". After more than 740 years of historical vicissitudes, there are no fewer than 6.5438+0.5 million descendants of Qidan in western Yunnan. In the process of reproduction, they continue to intermarry with local ethnic groups, so compared with Daur people, "I" is a little far away from Qidan people.