Investigation report on poverty in pastoral areas

First, the basic situation of pastoral areas

The herdsmen in Chifeng City are mainly distributed in six flags, including Arukerqin Banner, Balinzuoqi, Balinyouqi, Hexigten Banner, Onniute Banner and Aohan Banner, 18 Sumu Town and 35 1 Gacha Village. The total number of herdsmen is 7 100 and the total population is 27 100. The pastoral area of the city is 6.5438+0.4 million mu of cultivated land and 46 million mu of grassland. * In, the per capita cash income of herdsmen in the city was 3,739 yuan. * Years ago, the per capita net income of herdsmen in Chifeng City was always higher than that in agricultural areas. Due to the slow growth of herdsmen's income in recent years, the per capita income of herders has been lagging behind that of farmers since. * The annual per capita net income of herdsmen is 2625 yuan, which is 209 yuan lower than that of farmers.

There is a big gap between the per capita grassland resources of herdsmen in Chifeng city and the average level of pastoral areas in the whole region. According to the sampling survey data of the agricultural transfer team in the autonomous region, the average area of grassland occupied by herdsmen in Chifeng City is 169 mu, which is only 1 19 mu. Due to the small grassland area, the limited livestock breeding scale of herders, the poor planting foundation in pastoral areas and the small labor force engaged in secondary and tertiary industries, the income level of herders in Chifeng City is far lower than that of the whole region. In, the per capita net income of herdsmen in Chifeng City was 2 127 yuan, only 60% of the regional average of 3,526 yuan, the per capita cash income was 2,828 yuan, only 43.3% of the regional average of 6,539 yuan, and the per capita deposit of herdsmen was 589 yuan, only 29.6% of the regional average of 1992 yuan.

Second, the status quo and causes of herdsman poverty

(A) the current situation of poverty

Due to the relatively slow economic development and low income level of herdsmen in Chifeng pastoral area, the poverty problem of pastoral areas and herdsmen in Chifeng city is still quite prominent. * At the end of the year, among the 35 1 pastoral Gacha villages in the city, the per capita net income was lower than1.There were 198 poor Gacha villages in 500 yuan; There are 70,200 poor people who have not had enough food and clothing, accounting for 25.9% of the total population in pastoral areas. Far higher than the poverty level of the whole city 14.3%; There are 92,200 low-income people with unstable food and clothing in pastoral areas, accounting for 34% of the total population in pastoral areas, which is also higher than the proportion of 2 1. 1% in the whole city. According to the statistical resources of the Municipal Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, at present, there are 9 184 herdsmen in the pastoral areas of the city, accounting for 13.4% of the total number of households. The per capita net income of non-herdsman only accounts for 48.4% of the city's per capita net income of herdsmen, and the per capita net income of the vast majority of non-herdsman is lower than the minimum living security line of herdsmen approved by the autonomous region in 800 yuan.

(b) Analysis of the causes of poverty

1, infrastructure construction in pastoral areas is lagging behind. Due to natural and historical reasons, the herdsmen's residence is very scattered, and the infrastructure construction such as access, power supply, postal service, radio and television, running water and so on is costly and difficult, which leads to the serious lag of infrastructure construction in pastoral areas. At present, among the 35 1 gacha villages in the pastoral areas of the city, 267 still have no telephones, 44 cars, 46 radio and television stations, 280 herdsmen in gacha villages have no running water, 7 1 5% of the herdsmen have no electricity, and 40% of gacha villages have no clinics.

2. Some herders have returned to poverty due to the shrinking business scale. The pastoral areas in Chifeng City are mainly distributed in Horqin Sandy Land and Hunshandake Sandy Land. Due to the shortage of grassland resources, for a long time, in order to survive and develop, herders have either overloaded grazing or cultivated land in a large area (at present, the per capita cultivated land in Chifeng pastoral area has surpassed the agricultural area to reach 5.08 mu, while the per capita irrigated land is only 0.8 1 mu). The result of these two predatory modes of production is serious damage to grassland, and there are more areas of grassland desertification and degradation in pastoral areas.

3. The phenomenon of returning to poverty due to illness and school is more serious. Due to the poor medical and health conditions in pastoral areas, the incidence of illness among herders is relatively high. For ordinary herdsmen's families, once the main labor force suffers from a serious illness, it will return to poverty because of total or partial loss of working ability and payment of medical expenses for students. In addition, pastoral areas are scattered, and most herders' children have to go to boarding schools since primary school. The annual expenses of a senior high school student are generally around 8,000-110,000, and that of a junior high school student is more than 4,000. For herdsman families with little savings, the cost of students going to school can only be supported by selling a large number of livestock, and some even sell important means of production such as breeding livestock and basic female livestock, which leads to a rapid decline in the scale of family production and operation. For example, there are herdsmen 162 people in Bayandu Humgacha, Dalhanwula Town, Keqi County. In the past two years, 10 households have returned to poverty due to illness, and 20 households have become poor due to students above senior high school. These two types of anti-poverty households account for 40% of the total number of poor households in the village.

4. Old ideas and backward modes of production. At present, most poor villages in pastoral areas still adopt the traditional production and management mode of relying on the sky to raise livestock and grazing naturally. Cattle and sheep raised by herders are mainly local varieties. Advanced and applicable technologies of animal husbandry, such as embryo transfer, cold matching technology of cattle and sheep, house feeding and fattening, forage silage processing, have not been widely used in poor pastoral areas, and the benefits of animal husbandry production and operation are very low. Due to outdated concepts, backward production methods and low scientific and technological content, it directly affects the rapid increase of household operating income of herders.

Poverty in pastoral areas has become the focus and difficulty of poverty alleviation and development in Chifeng city. If we do not make great efforts to help them solve the poverty problem in pastoral areas as soon as possible, it will affect the realization of the overall goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the city.

Three. Countermeasures and suggestions on strengthening poverty alleviation in pastoral areas

(1) Attach great importance to poverty alleviation in pastoral areas. According to the requirements of the Law of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and the Outline of China Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development, and the reality of poor pastoral areas, poverty alleviation in pastoral areas is the top priority of poverty alleviation and development work. Incorporate centralized support in pastoral areas into the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" for poverty alleviation and development, and formulate special support plans for pastoral areas. On the basis of careful investigation, we will further classify poor households in pastoral areas and set up poor households with operational ability and poor households without operational ability separately. The former is listed as the object of poverty alleviation and development, while the latter is listed as the object of assistance. Take targeted assistance measures for poor households who have set up files and set up cards.

(2) Implementing preferential policies for poverty alleviation in pastoral areas. First, actively coordinate, integrate all kinds of funds to support agriculture, tilt to poor pastoral areas, and appropriately increase investment. Second, key poverty alleviation projects such as the promotion of the whole village, labor transfer training, industrialization poverty alleviation, and the expansion of towns by immigrants ensure that a certain proportion of poor villages in pastoral areas are covered. The third is to increase social assistance in pastoral areas. Arrange the contact points and units for leading cadres to help the poor, help Gacha village and cadres to lean toward the pastoral areas when helping poor households, and actively organize large-scale aquaculture households and well-off households in pastoral areas to carry out pairing activities to help poor households.

(three) according to the characteristics of resources in poor pastoral areas, determine different poverty alleviation models. In the practice of poverty alleviation in pastoral areas for many years, many successful poverty alleviation models have been explored, which are worth popularizing and learning. First, developing irrigated land is a poverty alleviation model. For example, in the pastoral areas along the river in the east of Wengqi, the east of Youqi and the southeast of Aqi, we can make full use of the rich advantages of local water resources, transform the original low-and medium-yield fields, do a good job in the construction of irrigated land mainly based on rice field development, and strive to build 2 mu of high-and stable-yield fields for each poor household. The second is the grass-coulomb architecture model with five supporting families. Pastoral areas with abundant underground water level in Horqin sandy land can vigorously promote the construction mode of "water, grass, forest, machine and cellar", build a 20-30 mu five-grass coulomb animal husbandry family for each poor herder, and support poor households to take the road of combining agriculture with animal husbandry and planting. The third is to improve the poverty alleviation model of animal husbandry. In arid pastoral areas where water resources are scarce, we should stick to grass as livestock. On the basis of helping poor households to improve grassland fences, we will vigorously introduce high-quality breeding animals and basic female animals, eliminate inferior local animals as soon as possible, and let poor households achieve stable income increase through developing high-yield, high-quality and efficient animal husbandry. The fourth is the mode of labor export transfer and poverty alleviation. In pastoral areas where water resources and pasture are relatively scarce and labor force is relatively abundant, on the basis of vocational skills training for surplus labor force, labor export is organized in a planned way to help poor households get rid of poverty through labor income. The fifth is the poverty alleviation model of relocation of immigrants from different places. Poor herders whose grasslands are extremely degraded and desertified and are no longer suitable for human habitation should be supported by moving from other places.

Fourth, strengthen poverty alleviation through science and education and strive to improve the overall quality of herders. First, strengthen basic education in pastoral areas, ensure that school-age children in pastoral areas enter school on time and complete nine-year compulsory education through state support and social assistance; Second, in combination with the implementation of poverty alleviation projects and the export of labor services, young and middle-aged laborers are trained in the applicable technologies and vocational skills in agriculture and animal husbandry, so as to improve the ability of poor farmers and herdsmen to adapt to the market economy. The third is to strengthen the construction of socialized service system in pastoral areas, and provide effective services and technical support for herders to popularize various applicable technologies in agriculture and animal husbandry and change traditional production and management methods. Fourth, guide and educate poor herdsmen to overcome the ideas of equality, dependence and importance, and establish the entrepreneurial spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle.

Fifth, strengthen infrastructure construction in pastoral areas. Combined with the strategic opportunity of developing the western region and revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China, we should speed up the pace of infrastructure construction in pastoral areas and solve the "five links" problems such as electricity, access, telephone, postal services, radio and television and drinking water for people and animals as soon as possible, so as to lay a solid foundation for economic development in pastoral areas and poverty-stricken herdsmen to get rid of poverty and become rich.