Historical evolution of Chengdu

According to historical records, in the middle of the 5th century BC, the ancient Shu kingdom moved its capital from Guangdu Fanxiang (Shuangliu) to Chengdu and built a city. But according to the Jinsha site excavated in reality, the history of Chengdu can be traced back to 3200 years ago.

As for the origin of a famous Chengdu, according to Taiping Universe, it was borrowed from the historical process of establishing the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it was named Shu Capital after it was moved to "one year to live together, two years to become a city, and three years to become Chengdu". The pronunciation of the word "Chengdu" in Shu dialect is the capital of Shu. Chengdu means "the last capital of Shu" or "the last capital". Dujiangyan water conservancy project, built in 256 BC, has been in use ever since.

In 3 16 BC, Qin annexed Shu and Pakistan successively. Qin Gui and Sima Cuo built Taicheng (FuCheng Nan and Guicheng), and the following year, Qin Gui built a small town (Fuxicheng) to the west of Taicheng. In 256 BC, Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County, measured the Dujiangyan water gauge, which was the earliest water gauge in China. In BC 14 1 year, Wen Weng, the magistrate of Shu County, established the earliest local official school "Wen Weng Shishi" in China.

BC 106. At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Chengdu replaced the Central Plains and was called "Tianfu". In the fifth year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 106), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the world into thirteen states and established Yizhou. Wang Mang changed Yizhou to Yong Department, and Shu County diverted rivers for governance. In the fifth year (24 years) of the new emperor, Gongsun Shu proclaimed himself emperor and decided to "get married" in Chengdu. It was changed to Yizhou and Shujun to Chengdu Yin. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was Shu County. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ada worked as a "Yizhou animal husbandry" and moved to Chengdu from Luojun County, Guanghan County, with Chengdu as the state, county and county. During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu's brocade was very developed, with "Jin Guan", so it was called "Jin Guan Cheng" or "Jin Cheng". During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu's commerce was developed, and during the Qin Dynasty, Chengdu became a national metropolis. In the Western Han Dynasty, the population of Chengdu reached 76,000, with a population of nearly 400,000.

In Han Dynasty, Chengdu was the center of lacquerware craft in the world and the birthplace of China tea culture.

Chengdu was the capital of Shu and Han during the Three Kingdoms period. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in turmoil, and the Han clan Liu Bei rose in the warlord melee. In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Pi, the son of Cao Cao, usurped the Han Dynasty, and in the following year (22 1), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Shu, which continued the unification of the Han Dynasty. Shu Han began with Emperor Liu Bei of Zhaolie, and finally Han Huai Emperor Liu Chan, which lasted for 43 years. In its heyday, it occupied Jingzhou and Yizhou, and its national strength was strong. However, Guan Yu lost Jingzhou, and after Liu Bei defeated Yiling, he was greatly weakened. Later, Zhuge Liang ruled the country and resumed production, so that he could compete with Wei and Wu.

Emperor Wu of Jin changed Shu County to Chengdu State, which was later renamed. In 304 AD, Li Xiong established a "Dacheng" country in Chengdu, which was called "Cheng Han" in history. In 347 AD, Cheng Han was destroyed by Huan Wen in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which lasted for five years.

After the Southern Song Dynasty and the Qi Dynasty, the governing sites of Yizhou and Shujun were all Chengdu, Yizhou secretariat ruled Taicheng, and Chengdu internal history ruled Shaocheng. From 348 to 354 AD, Changqu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty compiled the earliest extant Huayang County annals in China. Yizhou General Political Department was established in the following week. In 582, the Sui Dynasty opened the emperor for two years and changed to Southwest Road Station. The following year, the general manager's office resumed. In the early years of Daye (605), the government was abolished and Yizhou was changed to Shu County.

Yizhou was restored in the Tang Dynasty, and general manager office was the first year of Wude (6 18). In the third year of Wude (620), it was changed to Southwest Road. In the ninth year of Wude (626), it was changed to Dudufu. In the second year of Longshuo (662), he was promoted to the Metropolitan Government. In the early years of Tianbao (742), Shu County was restored. In the second year of Zhide (757), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was lucky enough to stay in Shu and was promoted to the capital. As Nanjing, it was changed to the capital of Yin. At that time, it was divided into east and west rivers, and Chengdu was the site of our time. In the early years of Shang Yuan Dynasty (760), Beijing was closed, but the capital remained unchanged.

During the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu was economically developed, culturally prosperous and Buddhism prevailed. Chengdu has become one of the four major cities in China (Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou and Chengdu), with developed agriculture, silk industry, handicraft industry and commerce, and rapid development of papermaking and printing industry. In the Tang Dynasty, writers gathered in Chengdu, and great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Bo, Lu, Gao Shi, Xue Tao, Li Shangyin, Tao Yong and Kang Shu all lived in Chengdu for a short time. In the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu developed tourist attractions such as Kaimahachi and Baihuatan. During the Zhenguan period, Jianyuan Temple was built in the north of the city. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Zhaojue Temple, which was called "the first jungle in western Sichuan". In the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu had the earliest woodcut printed cultural relics invented and used in the world. The Dalagni Sutra by Bian Jia in Chengdu, the Diamond Sutra by Xichuan in Chengdu and the Calendar by Fan Shangjia in Chengdu are the earliest printed materials in the world.

In 907, Zhu Wen destroyed the Tang Dynasty and established the "Hou Liang" regime. The history of China entered five dynasties. Wang Jian's "Sanchuan" regime was proclaimed emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Shu, which was called "Qian Shu" in history. Wang Jianwei has made great efforts to restore the economic and cultural prosperity in central Sichuan. In my old age, I gradually became fatuous. The youngest son, Wang Yan, has been on the throne for only seven years. After 925, Guo Chongtao was sent by the Emperor Zhuang of the Tang Dynasty to attack Shu, and Wang Yan, the former ruler of Shu, surrendered and the former Shu perished. In the later Tang Dynasty, Meng Zhixiang was appointed as the deputy envoy to give up the festival. After the decline of the late Tang Dynasty, in the first month of 934, Meng Zhixiang proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Shu, which was called "Houshu" in history. In the autumn of the same year, the third son, Meng Chang, died at the age of 16. He was quite successful and ruled for 30 years. After that, he was overjoyed and sent troops to Guanzhong blindly, which increased the burden on the people and led to the decline of national strength, which was destroyed by the Song Dynasty in 965. Please surrender to Meng who died suddenly in Kaifeng that year.

Meng Changjun, the ruler in the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties, wrote the first Spring Festival couplets in China, "The weather is good and the spring is full". Chengdu painter Huang Quan initiated China meticulous flower-and-bird painting school, and Meng Chang, the empress of Shu, became the earliest royal painting academy in China. Zhao Chongzuo of Houshu edited Hua Jian Ji, the first collection of words in the history of China literature.

Song Taiping was revived for six years (98 1), and Chengdu Prefecture was reduced to Yizhou. In the early years of Duangong (988), it was also known as Chengdufu, and Chengdu was the land of Xichuan and Chengdufu. Chunhua five years (994), reduced to Yizhou. In the fifth year of Jiayou (1053), it was restored as the capital of Chengdu.

During the Song Dynasty, Chengdu's economy was extremely developed and it was the leading metropolis in China. Taking Jinxiu as an example, the number of patterns has increased from more than 10 in the Tang Dynasty to more than 40 in the Song Dynasty, and new patterns such as Tianma, flying fish, peacock and Ruyi peony can be woven, accounting for more than 70% of the total number handed in in the country. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were special silkworm markets, medicine markets and flower markets in Chengdu. Due to the development of business, the world's earliest paper money "Jiaozi" appeared in Chengdu, and the government set up the world's earliest management savings bank "Jiaozi Service Office" in Chengdu.

Around 1082, Tang Shenwei, a famous doctor in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote the earliest existing pharmacopoeia "Certified Emergency Materia Medica" in China. During the reign of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, a government-run Jiaozi business was established in Yizhou (Chengdu), which was publicly printed by the government and issued "Jiaozi". In the fifth year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1257), Chengdu was captured by Mongolia. In the 23rd year of Zhiyuan (1286), Chengdu Road was established, belonging to Sichuan Province. In the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty (1360), Daxia State was established in the Ming Dynasty and renamed as Chengdu Secretariat House.

In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (137 1), the Ming army defeated the Daxia regime established by Ming Yuzhen and set up the chief secretary of Sichuan Chengxuan in Chengdu, with Chengdu as the capital. Chun Zhu, the 11th son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was named King of Shu, and his palace was in Chengdu, which is now the "imperial city". In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1644), Zhang led the army into Chengdu and became emperor on his own, which was called Chengdu Xijing. When the Qing army entered Sichuan, the Han people in Sichuan strongly resisted. After years of war, the population has been greatly reduced. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu court implemented the immigration of "Huguang filling Sichuan", and Chengdu gradually recovered its vitality and the provincial capital moved back to Chengdu. In the Qing Dynasty, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sichuan was located in Chengdu. The emperor also sent the Governor of Sichuan and the General of Chengdu to Chengdu. In the second year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1863), Shi Dakai, the general of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, led an army into Sichuan and failed to attack Chengdu. The Qing army captured him and executed him in an alley in Chengdu.

19 1 1 In June, Chengdu launched the railway protection movement. The "Chengdu Massacre" caused by Zhao Erfeng, the governor of Sichuan during the Qing Dynasty triggered a popular uprising, which directly led to the full-scale outbreak of the Revolution of 1911 and made immortal contributions to the bourgeois-democratic revolution in China. 1911165438+1On October 27th, Pu Dianjun, a member of the Constitutional Party, announced that Sichuan had left the Qing Dynasty and established the Dahan military government as the viceroy. 19 12 March 12, the military government in Chengdu was changed to the military government in Sichuan, with Yin as the viceroy. In the third year of the Republic of China (A.D. 19 14), the Beiyang government ordered the establishment of Xichuan Road in Chengdu, leading to 3 1 counties such as Chengdu and Huayang. After the abandoned roads were restored to the province, Chengdu remained the capital of Sichuan.

1On February 27th, 949, the China People's Liberation Army (PLA) entered Chengdu, and Chengdu became the resident of the western Sichuan administrative region. 1952 After the Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) revoked the administrative office and resumed the organizational system in Sichuan Province.

1February, 1989, with the approval of the State Council, Chengdu's economic and social development plan was listed as a national plan, enjoying provincial economic management authority, and became one of the cities listed in the national 14 plan.

20 1 1 On September 25th, Chengdu Municipal People's Government moved from Renmin West Road in Qingyang District to Jin Yue West Road in Wuhou District.

20 13 June, 12 Fortune Global Forum was successfully held in Rong. In September of the same year, the World Chinese Business Conference was successfully held in Chengdu.

2065438+September 2005, the 9th National Games for the Disabled was successfully held in Rong.