The reasons (from Pingcheng and Luoyang) and functions (negative and positive) of Emperor Xiaowen's move to the capital in the Northern Wei Dynasty are online.

Solve the problem of food supply. The north of Pingcheng is cold, and the grain output is very limited. At that time, someone wrote a poem "Sad for the City of Peace": "Sad for the City of Peace, drive the horse into the square, the mountains often snow, and there is no wind." Later, Pingcheng, as the capital city, had an increasing population and officials, and the problem of food supply became prominent. At that time, there was no land and water transportation in Pingcheng, and the traffic was extremely underdeveloped. It is not only time-consuming and laborious to transport grain from Shanhaiguan to Pingcheng, but also extremely expensive. Luoyang is located in the center of the north, in the plain area, with convenient transportation. Moving the capital to Luoyang solved the most fundamental food problem.

2.

The influence of geographical environment. Pingcheng (now northeast of Datong, Shanxi) is located in the north, with mountainous terrain, arid climate and low temperature, which is not conducive to the growth of crops, and natural conditions restrict the further development of the northern Wei economy.

Luoyang is located in the west bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, in the Central Plains, surrounded by mountains and waters, and is known as the "land of Kyushu". It has four distinct seasons and a pleasant climate. Since ancient times, it has been a battleground for military strategists and naturally became an ideal place for ancient emperors to build their capital. It was once the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei and other dynasties.