The last emperor of Cao Wei: Emperor Yuan of Wei, Cao Huan, was a puppet of the Sima family

The character’s early life experience Cao Huan, whose real name was Cao Huang and whose courtesy name was Jingming, was born in the seventh year of Zhengshi (246). He was the grandson of Emperor Wu of Wei Cao Cao, the nephew of Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi, and the son of King Cao Yu of Yan. son. In the third year of Ganlu (258 years), he was granted the title of Changdao Township Gong (because Changdao was under the jurisdiction of Anci County, it was also called Changdao Township Gong in Anci County). Puppet Emperor

In May of the fifth year of Ganlu (260), Wei Emperor Cao Mao was killed. After discussing with the ministers, Sima Zhao decided to make Cao Huang emperor. On the eighth day of May, Sima Zhao sent his son Sima Yan, the Central Protector of the Army, to Yecheng to meet Cao Huang.

On the first day of June in the fifth year of Ganlu (260 years), the Empress Dowager Guo (Queen Guo of Ming and Yuan Dynasties) issued an edict to change Cao Huang's name to Cao Huan. On the second day of June, Cao Huan came to the capital of Luoyang (today's Luoyang, Henan). After paying homage to the Empress Dowager Guo, on the same day, he held the throne of the emperor in the front hall of Taiji and granted amnesty to the world. He changed his reign name to Jingyuan and treated ministers differently according to their titles. Give rewards separately.

On the fourth day of June in the first year of Jingyuan (260), Cao Huan appointed General Sima Zhao as the prime minister and was granted the title of Duke of Jin. He added two counties to the city, bringing the total number of counties to ten. County, and add the gift of nine tins. In addition, all the children of the Sima family who did not have a title were granted the title of Tinghou, and were given tens of millions of dollars and tens of thousands of pieces of silk. Sima Zhao tried his best to refuse before giving up.

Although Cao Huan was the emperor in name, he actually had no power in his hands and no influence among the ministers and the army. He was completely a puppet of the Sima family. The title of Chenliu was abolished

In the second year of Xianxi

On the ninth day of August (265), Sima Zhao died, and his son Sima Yan succeeded him as prime minister and king of Jin.

On November 12, Sima Yan usurped the power of the Wei State and established the Western Jin Dynasty. He was known as Emperor Wu of Jin in history. The Wei State was destroyed since then. On November 14, Cao Huan was moved to Jinyong City. When Cao Huan left the city, Grand Tutor Sima Fu said goodbye to him, held his hand and said in tears: "I will be a loyal minister of the Wei Dynasty until my death."

On November 17, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty granted the title of Cao Huan was the king of Chenliu, and he had thousands of households in the city. His palace was arranged in Yecheng. He was given the use of the emperor's flag and five o'clock auxiliary chariots. Promise yourself as a minister, and receive the imperial edict but do not bow to you. His status, treatment, and outcome can be said to be the best among all the subjugated kings in history. Good Death In the first year of Tai'an (302), the first year of Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, Cao Huan died in Chenliu Fengguo at the age of fifty-eight. The imperial court gave him the posthumous title of Emperor Yuan, and later generations called him "Emperor Wei Yuan".

Cao Huan’s descendants no longer appear in official records, so it is impossible to know whether he has any descendants. Since he died during the Eight Kings Rebellion, many records may have been lost during that period. or destroyed. The Eastern Jin Dynasty has always had the title of King Chenliu with the surname Cao. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there are records of King Chenliu Cao Qiansi, but it is unclear whether he is a descendant of Cao Huan or a descendant of the Cao family. There has always been a mound near the Yecheng ruins that was said to be Cao Huan's tomb. Later, archaeological excavations confirmed that it was not Cao Huan's tomb. In addition, the Chenliu Fengguo started by Cao Huan continued to the Southern Qi Dynasty for 214 years. Political Measures Politics

On December 21, the third year of Jingyuan (262), a part of Yizhou was set aside to establish Liangzhou. On December 22, the people of Yizhou were granted amnesty and exempted from half of their rents within five years.

On the first day of February in the first year of Xianxi (264), the indigenous people in Yizhou were granted amnesty.

In May of the first year of Xianxi (264), Sima Zhao, the Prime Minister and King of Jin, petitioned to restore the five-class title system.

In the second year of Xianxi (265), the administrative agencies of farming in various places were abolished, and the farming officials were dismissed and replaced with corresponding positions. The original Diannong captains were changed to prefects, and all the Diannong captains became county magistrates and magistrates. They also encouraged immigrants in Shu to move to the interior. The government would provide them with food for two years and would not levy taxes for twenty years. Military

Defeat the Shu Han

In October of the second year of Jingyuan (261), Shu Han general Jiang Wei led his troops to invade Taoyang County of Wei State. General Deng Ai of Zhenxi led his troops to attack and defeated the Shu army at Houhe. Jiang Wei retreated to Hanzhong.

In May of the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), Cao Huan ordered all armies to attack the Shu Han Dynasty, and sent General Deng Ai to lead 30,000 people from Didao to the Tazhong and Gansong areas to attack the Shu Han Dynasty. Contain Jiang Wei's army; send Yongzhou governor Zhuge Xu to lead more than 30,000 people from Qishan to Wudu and Gaolou (Wujie and Qiaotou in "Zizhi Tongjian"), cut off Jiang Wei's retreat, and form a two-sided attack with Deng Ai . He also sent Zhenxi General Zhong Hui to lead more than 100,000 troops from Xiegu, Luogu, and Ziwu Valley to Hanzhong to launch an attack on Shuhan. Since Deng Ai and Zhong Hui led their troops to attack Shu, the Wei army has been almost invincible. In November of the same year, Liu Chan, the later leader of the Shu Han Dynasty, went to Deng Ai's army to ask for surrender, and the Shu Han Dynasty was destroyed.

Preparing for Soochow

After the Wei State destroyed the Shu Han, the Soochow Army invaded Yong'an. The Wei State mobilized the troops stationed in Jingzhou, Yuzhou and other places to form a horn to support each other.

In April of the second year of Xianxi (265), Soochow sent envoys Ji Zhi and Hong G to Wei to seek peace. Diplomacy

In July of the second year of Jingyuan (261), the foreigners Han and 桴龅炔kezuozhuozhuoyanbeishi and kekezuo from Lelang County broke in to pay tribute and express their submission.

In April of the third year of Jingyuan (262), officials from Liaodong County reported to the court that Sushen State sent envoys to pay tribute despite all the hardships, and presented thirty bows made by their country, each three feet and five feet long. inches; wooden arrows one foot eight inches long, three hundred stone crossbows, twenty sets of armor made of cowhide and iron, and four hundred pieces of mink skin. Interesting anecdotes

In August of the second year of Xianxi (265), Xiangwu County officials reported to the court that a strange man appeared in Xiangwu County, more than three feet tall, with footprints three feet and two feet long. Cun, white hair, wearing yellow clothes and scarf, leaning on crutches. He called the villager Wang Shi, and for him the world was peaceful. On September 14th of the same year, Cao Huan ordered a general amnesty for the whole country. Historical evaluation

Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms": "King Gongji of Chenliu was in the south, and he was the prime minister and assistant in charge of the government. He looked up and followed the previous posture, bowed and surrendered, and then surrendered to the great country. He was a guest of Jin and compared to Shanyang. "The favor of the class has been increased."

Hao Jing: "Huan knew that the fate of the cauldron had been moved, and he bowed his head and looked up to it. He will be blessed forever, willing to perish, and his filial piety will flow." Historical records

"Three Kingdoms·Volume 4·Wei Shu 4·Three Young Emperors 4th"

"Three Kingdoms ·Volume 20·Wei Shu 20·Wu Wen Shi Wang Gong Biography 20th"

"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Volume 78, Volume 79, Volume 84 Family members Grandparents

Grandfather: Emperor Wu of Wei Cao Cao

Grandmother: Madam Huan (Mrs. Huan) Father

Biological father: Cao Yu, King of Yan, who was demoted to Duke Yan during the Western Jin Dynasty.

Stepfather: Wei Ming Emperor Cao's wife

Queen Bian (Queen Bian) is the daughter of Bian Lin. Her grandfather Bian Bing is the younger brother of Cao Cao's wife, Queen Wuxuan Bian. In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), she was established as queen.

Artistic image Literary image

Historical novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" ("Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms")