What is the function of the reservoir?

The flood control function of 1 reservoir is one of the engineering measures widely used in flood control in China. Build a comprehensive reservoir with flood storage capacity at an appropriate position in the upstream of the flood control area, and use the reservoir capacity to reduce the flood peak flow entering the downstream and alleviate the flood disaster. There are two different ways for reservoir to regulate flood, one is flood detention and the other is flood storage. 1. The flood detention function is to temporarily detain the flood in the reservoir. When there is no gate control on the spillway of the reservoir and the water level of the reservoir is flush with the top elevation of the spillway, the reservoir can only play the role of temporary flood interception. 2. Flood storage function Under the condition that there is no gate on the spillway, in the stage of reservoir management and operation, if water can be used before the flood season, the water level of the reservoir will be reduced to the limited water level of the reservoir during the flood season. The flood limit water level of the reservoir is lower than the spillway crest elevation, so the storage capacity between the flood limit water level and the spillway crest elevation can play a role in flood storage. Part of the flood stored in the reservoir can play a planned role in the dry season. When the spillway is equipped with gates, the reservoir can play a greater role in flood storage, and the reservoir can adjust the discharge by changing the opening of the gates. Because of the control of the gate, the flood control limit water level of this kind of reservoir can be higher than the spillway crest, and the opening of the gate can be adjusted at any time to control the discharge, which has the dual functions of flood detention and storage. 2. The precipitation that falls to the ground of the basin due to the reservoir's beneficial function (partially seeping into the ground) is called river runoff after it is discharged into the river channel from the ground and underground in different ways. Due to the variability and non-repetition of river runoff, the incoming water is different and changes greatly every year, season and region. Most water conservancy departments (such as irrigation, power generation, water supply, shipping, etc. ) The required water consumption and time are relatively fixed, and its requirements often cannot fully adapt to the natural water supply. In order to solve the problem of redistribution of runoff in time and space, people fully develop and utilize water resources to meet the requirements of water conservancy departments. Some reservoir projects are often built on rivers. The beneficial function of reservoir is to regulate runoff, store flood and make up for drought, so that natural incoming water can meet the requirements of water conservancy department in time and space. [Edit this paragraph] Disadvantages of building a reservoir 1. Increasing the frequency of geological disasters in the reservoir area may induce earthquakes. Increase the earthquake frequency in the reservoir area and its vicinity. The frequency of landslides, landslides and mudslides will increase due to the long-term immersion of the lower parts of the mountains on both sides of the mountain. 2. Sediment deposition in the reservoir area will be affected by the change of water potential and the backwater at the reservoir tail caused by dam closure. Sediment must be deposited in the reservoir, especially in the dam and reservoir tail (the influence of backwater). 3. The salinization of the soil in the downstream land makes the groundwater level rise again, bringing the salt in the deep soil to the surface, and the high content of salt and various chemical residues in the irrigation water leads to the salinization of the soil. 4. The water quality in the reservoir area and downstream has deteriorated. A large amount of water is evaporated, and soil salinization increases the salt and chemical residues in the soil. As a result, the groundwater was polluted and the salt content of the downstream river increased. 5. The change of river water quality, due to the deterioration of water quality and the slowdown of water flow, led to the spread of aquatic plants and algae everywhere, which not only evaporated a lot of river water, but also blocked the river irrigation channels. These aquatic plants not only spread all over the irrigation channels, but also invaded the main rivers. They hinder the effective operation of irrigation channels and need to be cleaned by mechanical or chemical methods frequently. This also increases the maintenance cost of the irrigation system. 6. Impact on downstream rivers. Because of the change of water potential and sediment concentration, it may also change the river direction and the alluvial degree of the downstream channel, resulting in serious riverbed erosion and the river (sea) mouth retreating towards the land. 7. The incidence of schistosomiasis and other epidemics has increased downstream because of the static water flow. 8. The migration problem and its impact on the scenery and cultural relics in the reservoir area were submerged due to the rising water level. Need resettlement, scenic spots and cultural relics in the reservoir area are flooded due to reservoir construction, and need to be relocated and restored. 9. Impact on Climate After water storage in the reservoir area, the water area will expand and the water evaporation will increase, which will reduce the temperature difference between day and night in the nearby area and change the climate environment in the reservoir area. 10. The diplomatic impact of building a reservoir on an international river is equivalent to the redistribution of water resources. The relationship between the country where the reservoir is located and the downstream countries is indirectly affected. 0. The loss of value inundates cultural relics or causes the loss of ornamental value of the original natural landscape. 49660.88668688666