How did the Hakkas come?

This ethnic group belongs to one of the eight ethnic groups of Han nationality in China, with distinctive personality and wide distribution, which has had a far-reaching impact on the history of China and even the history of Chinese in the world. From the Western Jin Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Hakkas, rooted in the Central Plains, experienced five large-scale migrations and more than 1,000 years of sporadic transfers, starting at the border areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong, and then gradually spreading to southern provinces and overseas. At present, Hakkas have spread all over China in Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan and other provinces, and some of them have traveled across the ocean and scattered in Southeast Asia, America, Central and South Africa and other places. At present, there are 60 million to 70 million Hakkas in more than 80 countries and regions in the world. With the migration of Hakkas, their language, culture, folk customs and lifestyle, as well as their unique architectural forms, have been brought.

Hakka dialect is the Hakka dialect spoken by Hakka people.

The formation and characteristics of Hakka dialect;

As the saying goes, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do, the dialect comes first." Hakka dialect spoken by Hakka people is an important carrier of Hakka culture and the main symbol of Hakka people.

The Formation of Hakka Dialect

Hakka dialect is one of the eight major dialects in China. As for the formation of Hakka dialect, researchers believe that it is inseparable from several great migrations in Hakka history.

Hakka ancestors, initially mainly the gentry of Henan Zhongyuan, later

At that time, it was Heluo dialect, the northern official language of the Han nationality in the Central Plains. After the Western Jin Dynasty, it gradually moved south and first entered the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Here, Hakka ancestors who adhered to the Central Plains culture kept their Central Plains Mandarin and absorbed the local Wu Chu dialect for hundreds of years, resulting in a new sub-dialect "Jianghuai Mandarin", which is the source of Hakka dialect today.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Hakka ancestors moved south again and lived in Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. In the process of moving to the south and settling down, they absorbed these dialects in their contacts with people who speak Gan, Min and Yue, and constantly enriched themselves.

By the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, after they settled in the border area of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, with the social stability, economic prosperity and cultural development here, they formed the Hakka people of the new Han nationality. At the same time, Hakka dialect, as a communication tool of this clan, was basically formed at this time.

Hakkas call me, you and him "Ya, you and him", among which "Ya" is the most special. Therefore, some Cantonese speakers call Hakka dialect "Ya dialect". Because Hakka dialect calls "what" "pulse" (or writes "what"), it is also dubbed "pulse". So, what are the characteristics of Hakka dialect?

Pronunciation of Hakka Dialect

Hakka dialect has 17 initials, 74 finals and six tones of Yin Ping, Yangping, Shangsheng, Deyeng, Entering Yin and Entering Yang.

Compared with Guangzhou dialect and Minnan dialect, Hakka dialect is closest to Mandarin. Especially when reading Hakka characters, people in northern Renye Fang can basically understand them.

Although Hakka people speak the same Hakka dialect, they are widely distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hainan, Taiwan Province, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces, and there are differences between them in pronunciation and vocabulary. Therefore, Hakka dialect is pronounced as Meixian dialect. China national radio's Hakka broadcasting in Beijing is also broadcast in Meixian dialect. This is not only because Meixian area is one of the main inhabited areas of Hakkas, with a concentrated population and developed culture, but also because most of the overseas Chinese who emigrated overseas for the fourth and fifth time moved out from Meixian area.

Common sayings, proverbs and allegorical sayings

There are many vivid idioms, proverbs and two-part allegorical sayings in Hakka dialects.

Common sayings, such as "soft-footed crab", "cage loan", "* * loan all the way", "Shenerjing", "playing tricks on the ancient", "beating an egg to see the yellow" (describing impatience), "keeping snakes to eat chickens", "sunny and rainy", "a dog is thin and ashamed of its master" and "one foot is windy and three feet are full of waves"

Proverbs, such as "a man dies to leave his name, but a tiger dies to leave his skin." "The human heart is higher than the sky, and the emperor will become immortal." Oh, reading, blind. "I love to concentrate on reading, and a word is worth a thousand dollars." You have spring breeze and summer rain. "Don't help each other with words and don't help each other with fists." Sitting idly will make you sick. "Monofilaments don't make a line, and single trees don't make a forest." Call a tiger during the day and be afraid of mice at night.

Two-part allegorical sayings, such as "Planting trees in flowerpots-it is difficult to become useful" and "Full pond crucian carp-lithium" (Yao,No.; Unreasonable), "Cattle eat grass-speak hesitatingly", "Say dumb words-tell what to do", "Horse racing on the bow-cornered", "Fried pork ribs with tofu-carrot and stick", "Holding an umbrella in Dai Li-gilding the lily" and "Playing the piano under the tree of Coptis chinensis-seeking pleasure in suffering".

I am a Hakka.