How did Beethoven die?

Question 1: How did Beethoven die? Why are you so sad? 10 Minute A disturbing "buzz" seized Beethoven when he was only 26 years old. Beethoven, who was in his prime and full of ambition, attracted the attention of the music industry. His moving music is clear and bright, just like a touch of new green in early spring. Although immature, it has spread infinitely in the music scene of18th century. This is a brand-new beginning. Beethoven will take a big step forward and turn a new page in the history of music as long as he grasps this opportunity. However, this endless "buzz" haunts Beethoven day and night, just like a devil casting a gloomy fog on the bright road. Through this erratic fog, Beethoven saw a lonely and silent world and his most precious and indispensable wealth-hearing has gradually left him and disappeared into the fog.

As a musician, Beethoven knows very well what it means to lose hearing. He couldn't hear his friends talking and laughing easily, and the beautiful music became blurred. Beethoven secretly went to see a doctor and tried to put apricot red oil and vanilla oil in his ears. He shivered and gave all his hopes to the doctor. However, all this was in vain. The doctor shook his head and cured his ear disease. Fear, pain, sadness and anger filled Beethoven's young mind. In suffering, Beethoven exhausted his whole heart and cried out painfully to God and the silent starry sky for a long time. "Oh, God, God, look down at the unfortunate Beethoven …" The cry was followed by an angry curse, cursing the misfortune imposed on him by the creator of nature.

However, Beethoven could only shout, tear his hair and curse in the deserted fields because he was afraid. He didn't have the courage to tell people that he was deaf, nor did he have the courage to meet the sympathy and comfort of his friends, and the ridicule and ridicule of his enemies who hated his music creation. Beethoven would rather suffer alone.

Beethoven dodged. He avoided cities, people, * * * and music. 1802 In the spring, Beethoven moved to Heiligenstadt, a small village outside Vienna. Here, he experienced a critical period of life and death.

At first, Beethoven cruelly wanted to cut off all his connection with music. He wants to be a farmer in this beautiful village. Beethoven wrote to his friend and said, "What I want to tell you is that I must be separated from my career, and the most brilliant page of my life will disappear with it." . I don't care about my talent and strength. I have to endure a painful experience. "Beethoven suddenly became so weak, so helpless, even pessimistic, and came to the brink of suicide. 1802, 10 year16 October, he made the famous Heiligenstadt will. In this will, we can see that Beethoven's mental crisis is extremely severe and intense, and he struggled in the struggle between life and death.

Question 2: What was the cause of Beethoven's death ... Associated Press and AFP 18 reported that the cause of death of the famous musician Beethoven has long been a topic of interest to people who like history.

The latest discovery is that the previous conclusion of Beethoven's lead poisoning is untenable: according to the analysis of two Beethoven skulls, this great composer did show the symptoms of lead poisoning many years before his death. It is probably for this reason that he appears gloomy and irritable.

The skull confirmed Beethoven's lead poisoning.

165438+1October 17, Dainville, California businessman Paul? Kaufman announced the news that the skull fragments collected by his uncle in that year were most likely Beethoven's. These fragments were collected by Kaufman's father in 1863 and inherited by Kaufman before 15. However, even he himself is not sure about the authenticity of these skull fragments.

So, why did Kaufman suddenly announce it at this time? It turns out that Kaufman recently handed over two large pieces of Beethoven's skull (about 7 cm long) and 1 1 small pieces to the Beethoven Research Center of San Jose State University for "indefinite" preservation and research. Starting from 1999, this research center helped to identify the so-called "Beethoven skull" fragments.

Researchers at the center first tested skull fragments through DNA to confirm that they were Beethoven's skulls. Then they found that Beethoven had been suffering from lead poisoning for many years, which could lead to health problems such as headache, fatigue and difficulty in concentration. William, director of the research center? Meredith speculated that in Beethoven's time, Europeans used lead pipes to transport drinking water, which may be the chief culprit of Beethoven's lead poisoning.

The legendary experience of skull fragments

Beethoven died in Vienna on 1827. 1863, Beethoven's body was dug up again for testing in order to find out the cause of his death. At that time, someone secretly gave him two large pieces and 1 1 small pieces. According to meredith's analysis, Beethoven's skull fragments belong to Kaufman's ancestors and may be a man named Djihad? People in Bruening. He was a good friend of Beethoven, and he visited him shortly after his death. 1963 After the body was dug up again, Beethoven's skull was kept by him. It is also reasonable for him to give seligman a few pieces, because seligman participated in the analysis of Beethoven's bones.

1892, seligman died, and the skull fragments fell into the hands of his son Albert. Albert later gave them to his cousin Ada? Rosenthal and Rosenthal's child Alma was preserved. Alma later immigrated to America with a man named George? Kaufman's German immigrants get married, while Paul? Kaufman is their son. Until 1990, these skull fragments were kept by Alma's brother Thomas who settled in Vince, France. Des menez preserved. It was in that year that the Kaufmans kept the skull fragments in a safe. It was not until 1999 that the writer Martin called them to look for these fragments, and they surfaced.

Kaufman also confirmed that his family got the two skull fragments at 1863. At that time, Beethoven's body was dissected and reburied. Kaufman, 68, said that he didn't hear about Beethoven's skull until 1986, when he went to France to visit his elderly uncle, who told him that his family had preserved several generations of Beethoven's skull fragments. At that time, he still had doubts about his uncle's statement.

He said that his uncle died in 1990, and he inherited two larger ones and 1 1. These fragments were placed in a pear-shaped iron box with the words "Beethoven" engraved on the lid. Later, the writer Martin wrote a book about Beethoven's death, trying to find Kaufman, who lived in Dainville, and strongly suggesting that he find an authority to identify the authenticity of these fragments.

This discovery is of great significance.

Meredith said that this discovery is an important event for Beethoven's music fans and scientists, because there have been many discussions about Beethoven's death since 1927.

In fact, as early as the end of 1990s, when examining Beethoven's hair, some scholars found that this great musician had symptoms of lead poisoning when he died. Of course, Beethoven also suffered from other diseases. Beethoven's theory of "lead poisoning" began to prevail at that time. A skull fragment preserved by Kaufman was sent to Argonne National Laboratory for heavy metal analysis. The results show that it contains ... >; & gt

Question 3: How did Beethoven die? What is the truth? A few days after Beethoven's death, admirers from all over the world gathered in Vienna to pay their respects. One of them is an avid "fan"-Krazmer Fielding Nande? Hillel. He cut off a lock of Beethoven's hair as a souvenir.

A century later, this lock of hair was regarded as a treasure and kept in hillel's home. It was not until the Nazi Germany massacre began that the precious hair was taken by Danish doctor Kay? Fleming took over and finally Fleming's daughter was auctioned off to four Americans. At this point, later generations were able to carry out nondestructive testing on Beethoven's hair, and gradually accumulated important evidence about Beethoven's death.

Wright revealed that a few weeks before Beethoven died, the lead content in his body was related to the doctor's treatment of abdominal edema.

Raiter pointed out that from February 5, 1826 to February 27, 1827, Beethoven wrote in his diary that "Dr. Vavruch treated ascites for me". From these data, we can know that in March of 1827, that is, four months before Beethoven's death, he developed severe abdominal edema. Andrias? Dr. Vavruch pierced his abdomen in order to suck out the water. In the hospital bed where the composer died, he received abdominal puncture treatment from Dr. Wafruzzi, and every puncture treatment would draw 7.7- 14 liter of water from his abdomen, although this treatment greatly relieved Beethoven's pain. However, it also has a very bad influence.

By studying Beethoven's hair, Wright thinks that this kind of bad influence does exist.

It turns out that hair absorbs nutrients from the blood during its growth, including lead and other substances. Wright found that the chemical content in Beethoven's two hairs changed with time by spectral analysis. This change recorded the chemicals in Beethoven's body in the last four months of his life like a diary.

After several months of hard experiments, he found that Dr. Wafruzzi gave Beethoven four abdominal puncture treatments, and after each treatment, the lead content in Beethoven's hair would reach a peak. In other words, the treatment to relieve abdominal edema actually aggravated lead poisoning. Wright thought carefully and deduced a key plot of the story:

That is, after each puncture treatment, Dr. Vavruch will cover the wound with a plaster containing lead. It was the heavy metals in these lead-containing plasters that infiltrated Beethoven's liver and accumulated over time, which aggravated Beethoven's death.

The heavy metal lead in the plaster will not lead to the death of healthy people, but Beethoven was already seriously ill.

The toxicity of heavy metal lead was well known in Beethoven's time, so why did Dr. Wafruzzi give this great composer lead-containing drugs? Does he want to murder Beethoven?

Wright defended the doctor. In his view, the plaster containing lead was actually a normal prescription in medical treatment at that time, and the plaster used by Dr. Wafruzzi could not lead to the death of healthy people. However, one fact has been ignored, that is, Beethoven, whose abdomen has been swollen, was not a healthy person for a long time.

1827 On March 26th, this great composer died in the Austrian capital. Doctors cut open Beethoven's abdomen for the first time, and it was found that he suffered from cirrhosis, which may be the most fundamental cause of abdominal edema. In fact, a few years before his death, his health was very bad.

For Beethoven, whose liver was badly damaged, the lead in the ointment was beyond his tolerance. These lead infiltrated into his very unhealthy liver, which eventually led to organ failure and accelerated the death of this great composer.

Question 4: How did Beethoven die? 1823, Beethoven completed his last masterpiece, Symphony No.9 (Chorus). This work created his ideal world. 1826 65438+Beethoven had a bad cold in February, which led to pulmonary edema. 1827 On March 26th, Beethoven finally swallowed his last breath because of liver disease. Before his death, there was a sudden snowstorm and thunder rumbled. It seemed that even heaven was mourning the death of this great musician! Beethoven's funeral was very grand, and more than 20 thousand people followed the coffin. His body was buried in St. Max cemetery, and Schubert's grave was next to his grave. Never married.

Question 5: When was Beethoven born and when did he die? Beethoven, a German composer Ludwig von Beethoven (1770.12.16-1827.3.26), was forced by his father to learn piano since childhood. He was a harpsichord player in the court band at the age of 13, and at the age of 14. /kloc-At the age of 0/8, he was a viola player in an opera band. 1792 Haydn met him and was allowed to become a student. He made his debut as a composer and pianist in Vienna in +0795. Besides teaching piano, he is immersed in composing music. 20800 . 088888880804

10 years later, his thoughts and life experienced fierce turmoil (Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, several lovelorns, etc. ). By 18 19, he was completely deaf. With tenacious perseverance, he wrote the third to eighth symphonies, the fourth and fifth piano concertos and other works, reflecting the turmoil and conflict.

In his later years, he was still depressed, sick and in financial difficulties, but he still wrote such famous works as Solemn Mass and Ninth Symphony.

Beethoven is a master who spans two centuries and connects classical music with romantic music. Its creation is firmly rooted in the classical tradition, with a sense of musical logic, structural unity and grand musical spirit. Due to social changes and the requirements of their own talents, classical music has been greatly developed and changed, becoming the source of romantic music.

The creative style of Beethoven's music has roughly gone through three stages: (1) early [Bonn period; The influences of Bach, Haydn and Mozart can be seen in his works. And accumulated a lot of material for future creation. (2) the middle period [Vienna period; 1793- 1808] The sonatas and orchestral music created at this time greatly enhanced the drama of the works, fully developed and improved the structure and function of the classical sonata style, indicating that Beethoven's creation was fully mature and had a unique personality. (3) Late Vienna; 1809- 1827] The music style has changed obviously. The scale of the work is reduced, the theme is singing, and the lyricism is enhanced. It presents a romantic musical style.

Beethoven's main works are: 9 symphonies, 3 overtures, 5 piano concertos, 1 violin concerto, 19 string quartets, 4 string quintets, 8 piano trio, 10 violin sonatas, 4 cello sonatas, 32 piano sonatas, 20 piano variations, 20 piano sonatas. In addition, there are operas, oratorios, oratorios, mass, songs and so on.

Question 6: Who will answer me? How long has Beethoven been dead? The Beethoven Center of San Jose State University in California announced today that it has acquired a rare collection of Beethoven skulls. The center has previously collected a lock of Beethoven's hair, and together with these skulls, it will soon uncover the "century-old mystery" of Beethoven's lead poisoning. Kafman, a businessman from San Francisco, today handed over two large pieces and eleven small pieces of Beethoven's skull to the Beethoven Center of San Jose State University for indefinite preservation and research. In the future, these skulls and hairs will be analyzed and studied by scientists and exhibited to the world in the future. Beethoven died and was buried in 1827. The autopsy found that his skull was damaged. Later, the world thought that the world-famous musician's body should be properly preserved in the world, so in 1863, his body was excavated and moved from the original oak coffin to the iron coffin. At that time, Beethoven's skull was broken into nine large pieces and several small pieces because of dissection and decay, and some of them were secretly handed over to Dr. Seyrig Mann of the Vienna Medical History Department. The donor is the great-uncle of Kafman, a San Francisco businessman, and Romeo seligman, a Viennese. 1888, Beethoven's body was opened again, and researchers found that part of his skull was missing. 1892, Dr. Seyrig Mann died, and Beethoven's skull was inherited by his son Albert, a Viennese art critic. 1945 After Albert died, the next generation immigrated to France and the United States respectively. Beethoven's skull was inherited by his nephew and brought to France. 1990, the next generation of Albert's nephew brought Beethoven's skull to his relatives' home in San Francisco, USA for safe preservation. 1993, after Dr. Seyrig Mann's nephew Kafman inherited Beethoven's skull, he began to contact the Beethoven Center of San Jose State University in California to facilitate today's donation ceremony. What was Beethoven's cause of death? After his death 173, a lock of hair left by Beethoven revealed that he died of chronic lead poisoning rather than syphilis. Now, the latest batch of large skulls will provide more research materials for scientists, thus revealing whether Beethoven's deafness and personality disorder are caused by lead poisoning.

Question 7: How did Beethoven die? The truth of death is not murder, but lead poisoning.

Beethoven can be said to be the greatest musician in the world, but unfortunately he died young at the age of 56 in 1827. Researchers and fans are very concerned about why Beethoven died young. In order to study Beethoven's death, we must find his body. In 2000, the researchers analyzed a lock of hair left by Beethoven and found that the lead content of these hairs was 100 times higher than that of normal people, indicating that he had lead poisoning before his death, instead of "dying of syphilis" as once rumored.

On June/KOOC-0/65438+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/8, 2005, the Beethoven Research Center of San Jose State University in California announced that they had acquired a rare collection of Beethoven's skull. Since the center has previously collected a lock of Beethoven's hair and these skulls, the world believes that the mystery of Beethoven's death will be revealed to the world. According to reports, Kafman, an American businessman from San Francisco, gave two large pieces of Beethoven's skull (each 7 cm long) and 1 1 small pieces to the Beethoven Research Center for "indefinite" preservation and research. Kafman, 68, found these bones while visiting relatives in France from 65438 to 0986. These bones were handed down to the Kafman family in 1863, when Beethoven's body was dug up and buried.

The Beethoven Research Center invited the local judicial department to conduct DNA identification to determine the true identity of the skull. The analysis results show that the newly discovered skull and the original hair really belong to the same person and both belong to Beethoven. Center director William? Meredith said that this discovery is a great discovery for fans and scientists who love Beethoven. These bones can make people see Beethoven's real body. If Beethoven's music is fascinating, these bones will bring more meaning to people.

On February 6, 65438, forensic experts and scientists analyzed Beethoven's hair and bone fragments and confirmed that Beethoven's death was lead poisoning. The researchers used a powerful X-ray machine to analyze Beethoven's bone fragments and found a lot of lead residues. This result is consistent with the previous analysis of Beethoven's hair. Project director Bill? Walsh said in a statement: "Because DNA analysis proves that these hair and bone fragments really belong to Beethoven, the excessive lead found in these bones indicates that Beethoven died of lead poisoning." Previously, it was thought that Beethoven's disease was caused by cadmium and mercury, but the researchers did not find these two elements in this test. They say the lead content in the test results is extremely high. The half-life test shows that lead has existed in Beethoven for many years. At present, researchers don't know where lead comes from, and they don't know whether Beethoven's poisoning is suicide, environmental pollution or murder. This mystery needs to be further solved.

Question 8: How did Beethoven become deaf and die? At 5: 30 pm on March 26th, 20827, the great musician Beethoven was finally drowned by the symphony of illness and died in the "Black Spaniard" apartment in Vienna. He is enjoying life. Reading the touching eulogy written by the poet Grippa Cha with tears: "A poet's last great poet, the matchmaker of noble music, the immortal and glorious heir of predecessors, and the magnifying glass of the great arts of Handel, Bach, Haydn and Mozart have now ended his vicissitudes. I stood in front of his song with tears in my eyes, like a broken string. "

Beethoven was accompanied by illness all his life, especially when he was 32 years old. @ This was a particularly heavy blow to Beethoven's Bei F, who was entering the mature stage of creation at that time. His character began to become more violent and withdrawn, and he tried to commit suicide from despair. So, what caused Beethoven's deafness? There are many literatures about the causes of deafness of musicians in the world, but they all lack authoritative F-power. At that time, Dr Joanne Wagner from Vienna Pathology Museum was invited to cook neon body for pathological anatomy. Unfortunately, Joe's autopsy report only provided the ear disease after the death of the deceased. So, someone looked for clues from his early illness. 1797 summer, up and down, dragged on for six years. Now it is speculated that it may be intestinal typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is a kind of fever that may cause hard of hearing in youth. In Beethoven's biography, it is described that his face has more than S bumpy scars, or that he had smallpox in his childhood. @ These may cause deafness. It has been pointed out that Beethoven used various tools during his 22 years of deafness. Sometimes a wooden drumstick is used, with one end biting between the upper and lower teeth and the other end sticking to the piano. Sound-like vibrations can be transmitted to the teeth along the drumstick, and then enter the ears through the skull. It can be seen that some organs responsible for transmitting sound in Beethoven's ears are also diseased.

In order to determine the cause of Beethoven's deafness and obtain pathological proof, Beethoven's skull was examined in the coffins of 1863 and 1888, and nine skulls were obtained, but his temporal bone could not be found. @ can't study the real cause of musicians' deafness. Where is the temporal bone? @ This is an unsolved mystery. Polit, an otologist, is an authoritative figure in modern temporal bone research. He has studied the pathology of deafness for many years, with no results. Recently, Erfuman, a rheumatologist and amateur cello handkerchief in Houvert District Hospital, England, cleaned up and studied Beethoven's personal letters and autopsy reports. 10 years later, people thought that "the composer's chest infection, stomach trouble, severe back pain and joint pain eventually led to Beethoven's deafness." The most serious symptom of his deafness may be caused by tuberculosis. When Beethoven/Kloc-0 was 6 years old, tuberculosis took the life of his mother. Beethoven began to gradually lose his hearing in his twenties, and later Mo Miao Bo completely lost his hearing for many years, suffering from diarrhea, edema, dysentery and gout.

As for Beethoven's death, it is generally believed that @ composer's death was caused by liver disease caused by severe alcoholism, and he was found to have died of severe liver disease at the age of 55. However, Pavman opposes @ view. According to his new research results, he proposed that @ composer's S pain for more than 20 years was caused by a rare rheumatism, which gradually invaded his body. Inflammation of every organ in the body. Beethoven was so miserable that he couldn't help committing suicide. Finally, Beethoven was tortured to death by "rheumatism". He also pointed out that a simple modern drug, phenylsulfone, can help him complete the tenth symphony of Lost if it is treated with modern steroid O and liver transplantation.

Alfons, a famous French writer and contemporary of Beethoven? In the book Under the Tilia Tree, Karl provided new clues to Beethoven's death and specific circumstances, and talked about his own views. He recalled that the day before the composer died, his nephew Jia passed away ... >>

Question 9: How did the genius Beethoven die1826 65438+In February, Beethoven suffered from pulmonary edema due to a bad cold, and died of pulmonary edema in Vienna on March 26th 1827 at the age of 56.

Ludwig? Where is it? Beethoven was born in 1770, 17 in February and died in 1827 on March 26th. A famous German musician, one of the representatives of Vienna Classical Music School. His works have had a far-reaching impact on the development of world music, so he is known as the "Saint of Music".

Representative works: Moonlight, Enthusiasm, Leonora, Pathetique, Symphony of Destiny, etc.

Experience in his later years: 46-year-old Beethoven completely lost his hearing and still insisted on music creation. Beethoven composed his last string quartets in his later years. 1826 Beethoven was too ill to finish. 1826 65438+ Beethoven had a bad cold in February, which led to pulmonary edema. Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26th, 1827.

On the day of burial, all schools were closed to express their condolences, and 20,000 people attended Beethoven's funeral. His tombstone is engraved with the inscription of Austrian poet Greer Bache: "... when you stand in front of his coffin, it is not despair but a noble feeling that hangs over you;" We can only say to people like him: he has achieved a great cause ... "

Question 10: How did Beethoven die? Was it murder? There are different opinions about the cause of Beethoven's early death, but it is definitely not murder. The doctor at that time concluded that the cause of death was cirrhosis. Some people think that he died of syphilis. Beethoven's hair became an important clue to understand his cause of death. This strand of hair was preserved by the Shiller family until the 20th century. By 1943 Danish doctor Kay? Alexander? Kay alexander fleming treated Jews who escaped from the Nazis. His patients used hair for treatment, so their hair changed hands. 1994 65438+ February issue was auctioned. At present, hair is preserved in many places, including IRA F. Brilliant Beethoven Research Center of San Jose State University, Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., university of hartford, Connecticut, British Library in London, Conservatory of Music and Beethoven's former residence in Bonn. The psychochemical company in Los Angeles conducted a radioimmunoassay on Beethoven's hair to determine whether Beethoven had taken painkillers, such as opioids, in the past few months. But the test results are negative, that is, these samples do not contain opium such as morphine. Hri & Illinois; William Pfeiffer Research Center? Dr Wasch made a metal test on Beethoven's hair, and the results showed that the content of lead in the hair was high. Although this discovery supports the speculation that syphilis died, it is generally believed that this is because the industry at that time polluted the fish in the Danube, and Beethoven liked to eat fish in this area, so the lead in the fish was deposited on him. It's not caused by taking lead-containing drugs to treat syphilis. Beethoven was manic, suffering from chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain, and even his death may be caused by lead.