What are the main contents of the management measures for Dunhuang in Han Dynasty?

The management measures of Dunhuang in Han Dynasty mainly include:

First of all, the setting of counties is one of them. Han set up four counties in Hexi: Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang. According to the Records of Geography of Han Dynasty, Dunhuang County had jurisdiction over six counties in Han Dynasty, namely: Dunhuang (now the old city of Xisha County in Dunhuang City), Ming 'an (now Suoyang City in Guazhou County), Xiaogu (now the northeast of Dunhuang City), Yolanda (now Sidaogou in Guazhou County), Guang Zhi (now the broken city in Guazhou County) and Longle (now).

With the establishment of the four counties in Hexi and the opening of the Silk Road, Hexi region, with its important strategic position and throat position to communicate with China and the West, became the outpost and base for the Western Han government to govern the western regions. Dunhuang, as the hub of Hexi Corridor, is playing an increasingly important role. The main management measures of the Western Han Dynasty to Hexi and Dunhuang are as follows: First, emigrate to the real border and increase the population. Immigrants in Hexi area are mainly poor farmers who have no livelihood, that is, "poor" people in history books, but there are also some criminals and ethnic minorities. According to History of Han Geography, by the end of the Western Han Dynasty, there were 6 1 0,270 households, 282 1 0,654,38+0 in Hexi four counties. Among them, there are 38,335 households in Dunhuang County 1 1200. The large increase in population not only promoted the social and economic development in Hexi area, but also played an important role in strengthening border defense and resisting the invasion of Xiongnu. With the immigration and county construction, the Han Dynasty pushed the feudal economic and political system implemented in the mainland to Hexi, thus promoting the development of Hexi region.

Secondly, the Western Han government actively reclaimed land in Hexi and Dunhuang areas. There are two organizational forms of land reclamation: military and civilian. According to historical records and Han bamboo slips, the officials and related personnel responsible for reclaiming farmland include the captain of the farm, the captain of the field, the farmer's waiting order, the warehouse manager, the warehouse assistant and the warehouse official. , and the specific agricultural production and labor guard, is called the field guard, field workers, field soldiers, etc. The harvest of reclamation can not only solve the supply of frontier defense, but also be sold in the market.

The reclamation production in Hexi and Dunhuang areas in Han Dynasty made the grain depot in border counties sufficient and the households gave it to the people, greatly reducing the burden of transporting grain from the mainland to the frontier fortress. At the same time, it strengthened the military strength of the frontier fortress, promoted the development of local social economy and culture, and made remarkable achievements, especially in agriculture and animal husbandry, which laid a solid material foundation for the Han Dynasty to govern the western regions and Dunhuang to become a "metropolis where Huarong Road meets".