What is the origin of Zhang surname?

Zhang surname is one of the surnames in China, and it is a typical multi-ethnic and multi-origin surname, which mainly comes from the changes of Ji surname and minority surnames. Zhang Hui is the ancestor of this surname. Historically, during the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Er was made king of Zhao by Liu Bang, and Zhang Gui, the seventeenth grandson of Zhang Er (255-3 14), established the former cool country.

Zhang ranked 24th in the Song version of Hundred Family Names.

Zhang's original intention is to "make the bow string", which means that the string will open when stretched on the bow, as opposed to "relaxation". It is extended to the meaning of opening, winding, grasping and stretching. Zhang, also known as the star, belongs to the fifth of the seven nights of Suzaku, and the sky is arranged like a bow. Zhang is a primitive totem of god who is good at making bows and arrows in clan worship, and later became clan name, place name and surname.

Zhang Hui, the ancestor of Zhang surname

Zhang Hui,No. Tianlu, son of Qingyang, was the inventor of an important ancient weapon, bow and arrow. Because the birth of bow and arrow had a great impact on society, the Yellow Emperor sealed it as a bow and made it into a bow and arrow. After taking the meaning of bow length, he gave his surname Zhang Yu Puyang and fief Qinghe. After his death, he was buried in Diqiu (now Puyang County, Henan Province). Thus, Zhang Hui became Zhang's ancestor.

Zhang source mainly includes:

1, from Ji:

(1) from the ancient yellow emperor Sun Hui, belongs to the official title as the surname. This Zhang family originated in Qingyang (that is, Qingyang in the east of Qinghe County, Hebei Province) and is a family. There is a folk saying that "Zhang's surname stays in Qinghe in the world".

(2) from the descendants of the Yellow Emperor Ji surname, genus word for surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a doctor in the State of Jin named Zhang, also known as Zhang.

2. Change other surnames:

(1) from the nie surname. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhang Liao, a general of Wei, was originally named Nie, but his family changed his surname to Zhang to avoid resentment, and his descendants also took Zhang as their surname.

Give your own surname. Dragon, the leader of Nanman, lived in Yunnan. Zhuge Liang of Shu gave him the surname Zhang in the Three Kingdoms, and later generations took Zhang as their surname.

③ Originated from Gu Xi nationality. Zhang Zhongzhi, a native of Xi, now lives in Fanyang. Because he was good at riding and shooting, he was adopted as his adopted son by the prefect of Fan Yang, and his adoptive father's surname was Zhang. After Zhang Zhongzhi repeatedly made meritorious military service, he was appointed as Zhao Guogong by the Ministry of Rites.

(4) Surnames from ethnic minorities. In ancient times, some ethnic minorities, such as Wuhuan, Jurchen, Anta, Xianbei, Xiongnu and Qidan, changed their surnames to Zhang. Today, Achang, Naxi, Wa, Yao, Zhuang, Li, Gaoshan, Tibetan, and more than a dozen Manchu surnames, such as Hersekhara, Zardari, Zhangjiashi, Zhang Jinshi, Zakuta and Aiyi, have all changed their surnames to Zhang.

Migration and communication

Zhang was first active in Qingyang, and his hometown was in Puyang, Henan and Qinghe, Hebei. It was not until the Western Period that there was a trace of Zhang in Shaanxi, and Zhong Zhang was engraved on the bronze wares of the Western Zhou Dynasty. They were nobles of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhong Zhang assisted Zhou Xuanwang in revitalizing the Western Zhou Dynasty.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin was the most important area in Zhang's development history. Hedong "Jieyi" is an important gathering place and birthplace of Zhang (in ancient times on the east bank of the Yellow River in Linyi, Shanxi). Zhang Bei is a matter of Jin, and Jin destroys the aftermath of Korea. Zhang Lao and (that is) are both doctors in the state of Jin. The descendants of North Korean aristocrat Zhang Lao became the first hero of the founding of the Han Dynasty, and were regarded as ancestors by some descendants of Zhang. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, people surnamed Zhang mainly lived in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other regions.

The Qin and Han dynasties were an important period for the development and reproduction of Zhang's surname. Zhang entered Sichuan in the early Qin Dynasty, and most of them were descendants of Sanjin nobles. In the anti-Qin war and the subsequent dispute between Chu and Han, his political inclination was obvious, he made achievements in the war and was awarded a title. Then go west to Ningxia, Gansu. Zhang's crowd activity area quickly developed to the whole north, northwest and Sichuan, becoming the first surname in the northern region at that time. At the same time, the descendants of Sean who stayed in the Western Han Dynasty set out from Shaanxi, moved to Hebei and entered Jiangsu, and crossed the Yangtze River and entered Jiangnan. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang arrived in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and other places.

After entering the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to the war in the north, a large number of ethnic minorities entered the Central Plains, and people surnamed Zhang migrated to the south and southeast and continued to develop to the northwest. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Zhang people set foot in the northeast, and Bohai Bay became an important gathering place for the Zhang people. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhang began to emigrate to Huguang and Yungui areas. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it began to enter Taiwan Province Province from Guangdong.

population distribution

In the Song Dynasty, there were about 4.9 million people surnamed Zhang, accounting for 6.3% of the national population, and it was the third largest surname in the Song Dynasty. The province with Zhang surname is Shandong province. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shandong and Henan provinces, accounting for 27.7% of Zhang's total population, followed by Sichuan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Hunan, Hubei, Shanxi, Gansu, Jiangxi and other provinces, with a concentration of 54.5%. The whole country has formed a population gathering center in North China, Northwest China and Central Plains.

During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 5.6 million people surnamed Zhang, accounting for about 6% of the national population, and it was the second largest surname in the Ming Dynasty. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, accounting for about 36% of Zhang's population. Jiangsu Province has become the largest province in Zhang. Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Jiangsu in the south and Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Henan and Shaanxi in the north have been formed in China.

At present, the population of Zhang has reached nearly 85 million, which is the third largest surname in China, accounting for 6.79% of the national population. Since the Song Dynasty, Zhang's population growth rate has been on the rise from 1000. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Henan, Shandong, Hebei and other provinces, accounting for about 27.5% of Zhang's total population, followed by Jiangsu, Sichuan, Anhui, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hubei and other provinces, with a concentration of 28.5%. Henan is 10. 1% of Zhang's total population, and it is the largest province in contemporary Zhang. The country has formed a high-grade northern Zhang surname area and a low-grade southern Zhang surname area bounded by the Yangtze River.