Does anyone know the history and distribution of Hakkas? Are they ethnic minorities?

First of all, it is not a minority, but a branch of the Han nationality.

Hakka is a unique branch of Chinese Han nationality. With the five great migrations from Huaituo Dynasty in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the end of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in 3 17-879 AD 1500, generations of Central Plains people who suffered from war moved away from their homeland and became Hakkas who fled and abandoned their homeland. According to the statistics of the Organizing Committee of the 19th World Hakka Family Congress, there are currently more than 80 million Hakkas in the world, distributed in 85 countries and regions on five continents, of which Chinese mainland accounts for more than 68 million, and ASEAN countries account for more than 65.438+0.2 million.

The following is the distribution of old Hakkas.

(1) Population distribution in China.

1. Distribution of Hakka population in mainland China

Guangdong Province: There are 15 Hakka-inhabited counties and cities: Meixian, Xingning, Tai Po, Wuhua, Jiaoling, Pingyuan, Li Anping, Heping, Longchuan, Zijin, Xinfeng, Shixing, Renhua, Wengyuan, Yingde and other 65 impure counties: Shaoguan, Nanxiong, Qujiang, Lechang, Ruyuan and so on. The total population is 2 1 10000.

Jiangxi Province: There are 18 pure Hakka counties and cities: Ningdu, Shicheng, Anyuan, Xingguo, Ruijin, Huichang, Ganxian, Du Yu, Tonggu, Xunwu, Dingnan, Longnan, Quannan, Xinfeng, Nankang, Dayu, Shangyou and Chongyi. Total population12.5 million.

Fujian Province: There are 8 pure Hakka counties: Yongding, Shanghang, Changting, Liancheng, Wuping, Ninghua, Liu Qing and Mingxi. Feichunke County 17: Longyan, Zhangping, Zhaoan, Pinghe, Nanjing, Xiao Yun, Shaxian, Yong 'an, Shunchang, Taining, Jiangle, Shaowu, Pucheng, Jian 'ou, Jianyang, Fuding, Fuan and Fuzhou. The total population is about 5 million.

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: There are no pure guest counties, but 76 non-pure guest counties. It accounts for 90.5% of the total number of counties and cities in the region: Yongning, Wuwu, Binyang, Shanglin, Mashan, Hengxian, Long 'an, Daxin, Quesui, Chongzuo, Ningming, Longzhou, Pingxiang, Hepu, Qinzhou, Fangcheng, Pubei, Lingshan, Shangsi, Yulin, Beiliu and Rongxian. Fuchuan, Zhaoping, Lingui, Yangshuo, Pingle, Gongcheng, Lipu, Yongfu, Lingchuan, Longsheng, Hechi, Yishan, Luocheng, Huanjiang, Nandan, Du 'an, Dahua, Donglan, Fengshan, Bama, Baise, Tian Yang, Tiandong, Pingguo, Jingxi, Napo and Lingyun. The total population is about 4.6 million.

Sichuan Province: There are 35 counties and cities without pure tourists: Chengdu (suburb), Xindu, Fuling, Jintang, Guanghan, Shifang, Pengxian, Wenjiang, Shuangliu, Xinjin, Jianyang, Renshou, Lezhi, Anyue, Weiyuan, Neijiang, Rongchang, Longchang, Zizhong and Chongqing. The total population is about 3.8 million.

Hunan Province: There are three counties where non-pure tourists live: Rucheng, Chenzhou, Guidong, Lingxian, Chaling, Youxian, Liuyang, Pingjiang, Jiangyong, Xintian and Jianghua. The total population is about 2 million.

Zhejiang Province: Non-Chunke County 19: Yunhe, Songyang, Qingtian, Lishui, Xuanping, Longquan, Suichang, Jingning, Jinyun, Taishun, Jinhua, Jiangshan, Quzhou, Longyou, Changshan, Hua Kai, Jiande, Chun 'an and Changxing. Total population 1 ten thousand.

Hainan Province: There are two non-pure counties: Hong 'an County and Macheng County, with a total population of about 6.5438+0.5 million.

Guizhou Province: Rongjiang County is a county inhabited by non-pure tourists. The total population is about 65438+ 10,000.

Yunnan Province: There are about 20,000 Hakkas.

Sunan: There are about 20,000 Hakkas.

Anhui Province: There are about 20,000 Hakkas.

Shaanxi Province: There are about 5,000 Hakkas.

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: There are about 3,000 Hakkas.

Others: about 3 million Hakkas.

2. Distribution of Hakkas in Taiwan Province, Hongkong and Macau.

Taiwan Province Province: 19 Non-pure guest counties: Taoyuan County, Hsinchu County, Miaosu County, Pingtung County, Changhua County, Kaohsiung City, Hualien County, Taichung County, Taichung City, Taipei County, Tainan County, Taipei City, Nantou County, Yunlin County, Chiayi County, Taitung County and Yilan County with a total population of 4,600.

Hong Kong SAR: The total population of Hakkas is about 6.5438+0.25 million;

Macao SAR: The total population of Hakkas is about 65,438+10,000.

According to the above statistics, there are 4/kloc-0 pure passenger counties, 246 non-pure passenger counties and 287 pure passenger counties in China.

(2) The distribution of overseas Hakkas

1, Asia

There are about 3.8 million Hakkas living in Asia, distributed in 2 1 countries and regions. Among them, Indonesia is about 6.5438+0.5 million, and the main places of residence are Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi and Moluccas. Malaysia has 654.38+250,000 people living in various states of Malaysia, especially Malacca, Penang, Perak, Kedah, Johor, Selangor, Sabah and Sarawak. 550,000 in Thailand, mainly living in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Beilanpo, Wan Lun, Phuket, Huang Ai and other cities; Singapore 200,000; Myanmar has a population of about 654.38+million, mainly living in Yangon, Mandalay, Tuwa and Mortai. Vietnam is about 6.5438+0.5 million, mostly in Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) and levees; There are about 6,800 people in the Philippines, mostly concentrated in Manila; About25,000 people in India; Japan has about 1.2 million people, concentrated in Tokyo and Osaka.

2. Oceania

There are about 60,000 Hakkas living in Oceania, distributed in 1 1 countries and regions. Among them, 43,000 people in Australia mainly live in Melbourne, Sydney, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Perth and Australia. In addition, there are Hakkas living in Tahiti, Fiji, New Zealand, Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Lurui and Western Samoa.

3. America

There are about 460,000 Hakkas living in the United States, distributed in 2 1 countries and regions. Among them, there are about 280 thousand to 40 thousand people in the United States, mainly living in Honolulu, San Francisco, new york and other places; About 8 1 10,000 people in Canada; Peru and Jamaica in Central and South America are relatively concentrated Hakka countries with a large population, with 6,543.8+0.5 million and 6,543.8+0.5 million respectively. There are also many Hakkas in Cuba, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, Panama and Brazil. In addition, there are a few Hakkas living in Argentina, Ecuador, Venezuela, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Dominica and Bolivia.

4. Europe

There are about 200,000 Hakkas living in Europe, distributed in 16 countries and regions. Among them, Britain has the largest number, about 1.5 million, France has about 30 thousand, and there are thousands to tens of thousands of Hakkas in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg.

5. Africa

There are about 80,000 Hakkas living in Africa, distributed in 12 countries and regions. Among them, there are more Mauritians, about 35,000 people, about 1.8 million people in reunion island and about 25,000 people in South Africa.

The total number of overseas Hakkas is 4,546,290, distributed in 8/kloc-0 countries and regions on five continents. See the table below for details:

Table 1 overseas Hakka distribution unit: 10,000 people

Country name number country name number country name number country name number country name number

Indonesia 150 France 3 Jamaica 10

Malaysia 125 Netherlands 0.2 1 Trinidad and Tobago 0.6

Thailand 55 Russia 0. 12 Panama 0.5

Singapore 20 Denmark 0. 12 Dominica 0. 12

Philippines 0.68 Norway 0.03 Guatemala 0.0 1

Vietnam 15 USA 28.4 Bolivia 0.0 1

Myanmar 5.5 Canada 8. 1 Mauritius 3.5

Cambodia 1 Solomon 0. 12 Reunion 1.8

India 2.5 Brazil 0.24 Seychelles 0.05

Laos 0.5 Peru 20 South Africa 2.5

Saudi Arabia 0.22 Guyana 0.6 Australia 4.3

Country name number country name number country name number country name number country name number

Japan 1.2 Chile 0. 12 New Zealand 0. 1

Brunei 0.8 Cuba 0.8 1 Tahiti 1

UK 15.2 Suriname 0.4 1 Fiji 0.5

New Guinea 0. 12 Sri Lanka 0.0 17 Luxembourg

Nauru 0. 12 Kuwait 0.0 17 Bangladesh 0.05

Laser 0. 12 North Korea 0. 1 Ecuador 0.02

Pakistan 0.2 Korea 2 Venezuela 0.02

Germany 0.5 Czech 0.0 1 Mexico 0.0 1

Italy 0. 1 Madagascar 0.02 Colombia 0.0 1

Switzerland 0. 1 Austria 0.05 Kenya 0.0 1

Belgium 0.043 Sierra Leone 0.006 Angola 0.02

Portuguese 0.05 Ni Zznja 0.02 Mozambican 0.03

Argentina 0.05 Iceland 0.0 1 Zaire 0.02

Nepal 0.24 Ghana 0.02 Marshall 0.05

Sweden 0.24 Zambia 0.006 Western Samoa 0.03

Yugoslavia 0.24 Spain 0.02 Turkey 0.05

Total: 454.629

Source: quoted by Hu Xizhang, etc.: Hakka Fenghua.