Irish potato Fusarium wilt originated in South America.

1842 June 13, during the potato famine in Ireland, hungry citizens raided a potato shop in Golve, Ireland. A new genetic analysis found that potato Fusarium wilt, which killed about 65,438+million people in Ireland in the 1940s, originated in South America, while the origin of fungal Fusarium wilt, which destroyed potato crops in Ireland and Europe as a whole, has not been determined. Now researchers from North Carolina State University and the Museum of Norwegian University of Science and Technology say that this blight is caused by a pathogen with a specific genetic pedigree, which is called FAM- 1. . The researchers conducted a new analysis of 183 samples of this pathogen, and the oldest sample can be traced back to 194 1 year. 12 On February 28th, they reported that they found that the genetic strain causing Fusarium wilt in Europe probably spread from South America to the United States and then to Europe through potato transportation and seed trade. [27 devastating infectious diseases]

The great famine in Ireland 1846 to 185 1 year not only caused hundreds of thousands of deaths, but also triggered a large number of immigrants from the island to North America. Jean Ristano, a plant pathologist at North Carolina State University, wrote that potato Fusarium wilt, which caused all these deaths and losses, was actually found on the coast of the United States in 1843, and appeared in Europe two years later. Ireland is particularly hard hit by a pandemic, because potatoes are the country's staple food, and British policies have aggravated the original poverty. KD SPE“KD SPs ","kdspe "and" kdsps "-the origin of withering has always been the root of scientific and historical debates. Studies have shown that Phytophthora infestans, a Fusarium wilt strain causing pathogenic bacteria, appears in Mexico. Others point to the Andes. Ristaino and her colleagues have a wider network than any previous research, sequencing genomes from modern potato late blight samples and historical samples from Mexico, Central America, South America, Europe and the United States. American samples span the time period between 1855 and 1958, including the oldest pathogen samples still existing in North America. Similarly, European samples date from 1846 to 1970, including the oldest existing European samples. The oldest sample in South America can be traced back to 19 13, and the oldest sample in Central America can be traced back to 194 1. The oldest Mexican sample comes from 1948. KD SPE "KD SPS". The researchers sequenced a part of the nuclear genome and a part of the mitochondrial genome. A single genetic sequence in the mitochondrial genome is a structure that converts energy into usable forms. The researchers also sequenced the DNA of 12 microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) fragment. These repeated DNA fragments have a high mutation rate, which enables researchers to detect mutations and changes over time.

Global communication researchers found that the outbreak of Fusarium wilt in the new world and the old world was caused by pathogens of SSR pedigree, which they called FAM- 1. (Previous research by another research team showed that the culprit was a different gene variant called HERB- 1, but this variant did not rule out the pathogen infected with plasmodium, Ristaino wrote. )

After analyzing the mutation patterns in these samples, the researchers used computer models to determine the possibility that these patterns might lead to. They think it is most likely that the pathogen strain originated from an ancestor in South America and then split into strains in the United States and Mexico. Long after the Irish famine, it became a variant. The researchers reported that the same sequence was found in American samples after 1843 and 100, when it first appeared near the ports of new york City and Philadelphia. Samples 19 13 from Colombia and 1942 from Costa Rica also contained this substance.