General situation of humanities in Taiwan Province Strait

Since ancient times, the Taiwan Province Strait has been an important channel for Fujian and Guangdong people to migrate between Taiwan Province Province and the mainland. Archaeology and anthropology believe that as early as tens of thousands of years ago, ancient humans lived in the Strait of Taiwan Province Province, and ancient humans from Taiwan Province Province migrated from Fujian to Taiwan Province Province.

At the same time, experts made a comparative study on the fossils on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and agreed that the appearance of various mammal fossils collected in Fujian is very similar to that in Huaihe River Basin, and they belong to the same fauna as those salvaged from Penghu Trench. The obvious artificial nicks on 9 pieces of antlers fossils are similar to those of animals in Taiwan Province Province, which shows that ancient humans used antlers as tools when hunting, and also proves that ancient humans lived in the Taiwan Province Strait at that time.

Archaeologists on both sides of the strait pointed out that this was a major archaeological breakthrough, which pushed the age of human activities in the Taiwan Province Strait to 40,000 years ago for the first time. The activities and living conditions of these ancient humans and animals when they landed in the Taiwan Province Strait provided the most important materials for exploring the prehistoric relationship between Fujian and Taiwan, and confirmed the fact that the fauna of Taiwan Province Province came from the Huaihe River basin, and once again proved that compatriots on both sides of the strait have been a family since ancient times, and the Taiwan Province Strait is a "bridge" connecting the two sides.

In the late Early Pleistocene, the climate became warmer, the ice and snow melted, the sea level rose, the Taiwan Province Strait was invaded, and Taiwan Province Province was separated from Fujian. The earliest humans in Taiwan Province Province came from Chinese mainland, from Chinese mainland to Fujian, and arrived in Taiwan Province Province through the "road and bridge" in the Taiwan Province Strait. As early as the pre-Qin period, Fujian people and Fujian-Vietnamese people had moved to Taiwan Province Province and became the ancestors of Taiwan Province Island. Due to the geographical proximity and close relationship between Fujian and Taiwan, and the system of co-governance between Fujian and Taiwan in the same province that lasted for more than 500 years, the vast majority of Han immigrants in Taiwan Province Province came from Fujian. The migration of Han people from Fujian to Taiwan Province Province began in Putian, Fujian in the early Song Dynasty. Putian's maritime industry and marine trade were developed in ancient times. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Putian was sparsely populated, forcing most Putian people to leave their homes and emigrate. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, many Putian people moved to Taiwan Province Province. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty and the end of the Yuan Dynasty, they were also worried about the chaos in France, the brutal invasion of the Japanese army in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and when the Qing Dynasty moved to the border, many Putian people migrated to Taiwan Province Province through the Taiwan Province Strait. The reason for immigration is the overpopulation of Putian. Some Putian people immigrated to Taiwan Province Province after hundreds of years of emigration to Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, and their Putian dialect has been assimilated into Quanzhou dialect or Zhangzhou dialect. In Taiwan Province Province, many places in Laos, Langlang, Hangzhou, Cuo and Diandian are prefixed with "Xinghua", which shows that in today's Taiwan Province Province, there are also a lot of traces of Xinghua dialect, but some of them were quickly assimilated by the local dialect. Taiwan Province compatriots whose ancestral home is Putian account for at least 30% of the total population in Taiwan Province Province, and some Putian people moved to Quanzhou and Zhangzhou for hundreds of years and then moved to Taiwan Province Province again. These Putian people are registered as Quanzhou people or Zhangzhou people, and their Putian dialect is assimilated into Quanzhou dialect or Zhangzhou dialect. Their native place was Quanzhou or Zhangzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but their ancestral home was Putian earlier. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a drought in Fujian. Zheng Zhilong once recruited thousands of people from Fujian to settle in Taiwan Province Province, and most of them settled in Taiwan Province Province. Starting from 1624, the Netherlands and Spain successively occupied the southern and northern Taiwan Province provinces. In particular, the Dutch ruled Taiwan Province Province for nearly 40 years, implemented the land tenure system, and recovered Taiwan Province Province before recruiting Minnan people. Most of the Han people who came to Taiwan Province were born in Zhangzhou, Putian and Quanzhou. In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), there was a famine in Fujian. With the support of Xiong Wencan, governor of Fujian, Zheng Zhilong attracted tens of thousands of hungry people from Fujian coastal disaster areas to immigrate to Taiwan Province Province for farming. This is the first organized migration from Fujian to Taiwan Province Province. In the 15th year of Nanming (166 1), Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province, with more than 30,000 Zheng Jun and his family. At that time, in addition to ordering the military divisions to open up wasteland, he also vigorously attracted the mainland coastal people who were displaced by the Qing court's "moving to the border", "I don't want hundreds of thousands of internally displaced people to cross to Taiwan", and the main body is still residents of coastal counties in Fujian. The Qing Dynasty was an important period for Fujian people to immigrate to Taiwan Province Province through the Taiwan Province Strait. In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), Shi Lang led the troops to recover Taiwan Province Province, and the whole country was politically unified. From the beginning of Kangxi and Yongzheng to the years of Gansu and Jiaqing, Fujian people went to Taiwan in succession, which triggered a comprehensive reclamation movement from south to north and from west to east in Taiwan Province Province. In the Qing dynasty, in order to prevent Zheng's adherents, the Qing court issued an order prohibiting people from crossing Taiwan, setting conditions for people to cross Taiwan. In Qing Dynasty, Putian people and Quanzhou people who had registered Guandu could only ferry from Quanzhou, and a large number of Putian people went directly from Putian to Taiwan Province Province. The number of applicants only accounts for a small part of the total number of Putian people who have visited Taiwan, which is the same as that of Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. A large number of people cross Taiwan Province by themselves instead of Guandu. Especially in the forty-nine years of Qianlong (1784), Putian people and Quanzhou people who were registered by the Qing government could only ferry from Quanzhou, and Taiwan Province land port transited with Shishi Hanjiang port in Quanzhou. In fifty-seven years (1792), Fuzhou people were registered to ferry only from Fuzhou, and Tamsui Balicha sailed with Lijiang River and Fuzhou Wumen, which promoted the immigration boom. By the 16th year of Jiaqing (18 1 1), the population of Han nationality in Taiwan Province Province had reached19.45 million. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), Shen Baozhen, an imperial envoy, was approved by the Qing government, and the semi-blockade policy of Taiwan Province Province, which lasted for more than 200 years, came to an end. In order to better organize reclamation, the Qing government set up reclamation bureaus in Xiamen, Fuzhou, Shantou, Hong Kong and other southeast coastal areas to transport immigrants to Taiwan Province free of charge, thus increasing the resident population in Fujian and other places in Taiwan Province Province. By 1895, the population of Taiwan has reached more than 3.7 million. After Japanese occupation of Taiwan Province Province, some immigrants from Taiwan Province returned to the mainland.