What are the characteristics of Guangzhou culture?

Guangzhou is located in the subtropical zone, with long summer and warm winter, evergreen vegetation, blooming flowers all year round and enjoying the reputation of flower city for a long time. Guangzhou people have a long history of planting, loving, appreciating and sending flowers. During the Western Han Dynasty, Lu Jia went to South Vietnam and found that Lingnan people loved to plant flowers, arrange flowers and wear flowers. Before and after the house, the halls and rooms were filled with flowers, and he praised the people here as "colorful flowers". Guangzhou in the Han Dynasty, with the rise of the maritime Silk Road trade, introduced a variety of overseas flowers. By the Tang Dynasty, the flowers in Guangzhou had become famous all over the country. The famous poet Meng Jiao once described the wonder of flowers and plants everywhere in Guangzhou in winter: "There are flowers and plants everywhere in winter, and there are no homes and gardens everywhere." During this period, the cultivation of foreign flowers such as jasmine, henna and jasmine was very common overseas, and the flower market began to appear. At that time, the flower girl in Guangzhou wore all kinds of flowers with colored ropes for sale, which attracted Chinese and foreign tourists. In the mid-Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou had become the first "Winter jasmine market" in China, which was famous at home and abroad. Three days before New Year's Eve every year, a flower market is formed in Si Qian (now in front of Beijing Road Finance Department) in downtown Guangzhou. There are miles of streets here, crowded with people, and Guangzhou's reputation as a "flower city" is worthy of its name. Among domestic cities, this nickname and reputation is unique to Guangzhou. The flower market has lasted for more than 200 years. In recent years, the Winter jasmine market in Guangzhou has grown bigger and bigger, being held in eight municipal districts respectively, forming a spectacular flower street with a total length of dozens of miles and millions of people traveling together. "On New Year's Eve, the streets are full of flowers, and the streets are full of spring flowers. Red flowers are fresh, yellow flowers are big, and thousands of flowers are ugly. Grandma laughs, Dad is happy, and people are happy ... "This Guangzhou children's ballad" Walking the Flower Street "vividly sings the grand occasion that every household in Guangzhou likes to visit the Spring Festival flower market.

After the reunion dinner, I am afraid that the programs of mainlanders are basically the whole family getting together to watch CCTV's Spring Festival Evening. Guangzhou people visit Flower Street with their families, where people are in a happy world of flowers, enjoying, tasting and buying flowers, wandering in Flower Street, and enjoying the wonderful time with Fang Group once a year. No wonder many foreigners gave up the opportunity of family reunion and stayed in Guangzhou for the New Year. Many people come from afar to see the beauty of Guangzhou Flower Street.

There is a poem that describes Guangzhou Flower Street in this way: "Xiang Street is ten miles and one city is spring, and laughter enters the colorful door. Suspected to be made of layers of honey, it became a million flower watchers. " There is a district in Guangzhou called Fangcun, and there is a street in the district called Huadi. Fangcun is famous for its flowers and is known as "the first flower town in Lingnan". Today, Fangcun is still a famous flower producing area and a famous flower distribution center in China. .

The tradition and interest of Guangzhou people in loving, cultivating, appreciating and sending flowers directly promoted the flower industry in Guangzhou. At present, the planting area of flowers in Guangzhou is nearly 65.438+10,000 mu, with more than 2,000 varieties of flowers, and the annual output value of flowers is more than 2 billion yuan, accounting for more than 654.38+ 05% of the whole country, all exceeding the domestic flower markets such as Shanghai, Kunming and Beijing. Guangzhou is the largest flower producing area in China, the production and supply center of potted ornamental plants in China, the main distribution center of flowers in China and the dispatching center of imported flowers. The flower trade in Guangzhou ranks first in the country, and the price of flowers in Guangzhou affects the price of the whole country. Fangcun Flower Expo Center and Huadu South Flower Trading Center are the most famous flower markets in China.

"The world of Yangcheng is a flower, and it is also a time to buy flowers." To appreciate the characteristics of Huacheng, you should first go to the Tianguang Market of Flower Market at 5 am in Fangcun. Then go to Zengnan Road and see dozens of horticultural gardens and flower exposition parks along the road; Visit Yuntai Garden in Baiyun Mountain; And the bonsai in Xiyuan, Orchid Garden and flower exhibitions in various parks. Every spring, when kapok blooms, one river is green, two banks are kapok red, ten feet kapok is bright, coral is red all over the sky, the world of flowers and the Red Sea are amazing. The Winter jasmine market held every Spring Festival is unique to Huacheng, so you must go and see it. The chrysanthemum exhibition in autumn and the float parade on New Year's Day are also quite distinctive. Among the above-mentioned 12 kinds of flowers, such as jasmine, henna, jasmine, plum blossom, peony, lily of the valley, peach blossom, kapok, chrysanthemum, gladiolus, narcissus and cockscomb, one is Guangzhou flower, and that is kapok. Kapok tree is a kind of tree, very tall, most of which are seven or eight stories high. What is particularly amazing and spectacular is that when spring blossoms, you can't see a green leaf. When all the red cotton flowers fall, its smooth and protruding branches begin to sprout green buds. Imagine that a tree with seven or eight floors is full of red flowers, just like a red cloud. What an imposing manner this is! How spectacular! It is no exaggeration to describe a piece of red sea. Some people say that Guangzhou is a city of heroes, and it is the blood of heroes that makes cotton trees. Therefore, Guangzhou is also known as the hero flower and the hero tree, so Guangzhou, the birthplace of modern revolution, is naturally called the hero city.

4. Guangzhou people

People who come to Guangzhou may have noticed such a phenomenon. Since the reform and opening up, speaking Cantonese, eating Cantonese food and singing Cantonese songs in the Mainland have become a symbol of fashion, status and status. People's impressions of Guangdong and Guangzhou probably began with Cantonese, Cantonese cuisine and Cantonese opera.

As for Cantonese, someone once conducted a sample survey on "Guangzhou people's impressions among foreigners", and found that almost13 of foreigners mentioned that Guangzhou people first associate Cantonese, that is, Cantonese, which became their first impression. It can be seen that the influence of Cantonese is far from ordinary local dialects.

Cantonese, also known as Cantonese and Mandarin, is popular in Guangdong, southeast Guangxi, Hong Kong and Macao, with a population of more than 70 million. It is one of the seven dialects of modern Chinese (the seven dialects of Chinese are Northern Dialect, Wu Dialect, Hunan Dialect, Cantonese, Min Dialect, Hakka Dialect and Gan Dialect). Guangzhou is the center of Cantonese, and the dialect in downtown Guangzhou is the standard language in all Cantonese-speaking areas (including Hong Kong and Macao). Guangzhou dialect is the most authoritative in Cantonese, and has the status of "Mandarin" in Cantonese. And for a long time, Guangzhou has been the political, economic and cultural center of Lingnan, which makes Cantonese, represented by Cantonese, play the role of "Putonghua" in the whole Lingnan area.

Lingnan is the most complex and different area of Chinese dialects. Besides Cantonese, there are mainly Hakka dialect and Min dialect. The formation of Cantonese is also very complicated, with obvious "immigrant" color: there are not only the basic components of Guyue nationality, southern minorities and ancient Chinese, but also a considerable number of Hakka dialects, Fujian dialects, Xiangchu dialects and Gan dialects, as well as a considerable number of modern Chinese, and English and Southeast Asian languages are also integrated into it.

The situation of loanwords in a language is generally consistent with the process of communication between this nation and the outside world. The wider the external contact and the deeper the communication, the more foreign words will be introduced. Guangzhou has a tradition of foreign trade exchange since ancient times. After the reform and opening-up, Guangzhou has become the frontier of China's opening-up, which is the best in China in terms of both scale and depth. The number and frequency of loanwords in Cantonese are unmatched in other parts of China.

As we all know, there are four tones in Mandarin and nine tones in Cantonese. Due to the variety of tones, Guangzhou dialect sounds beautiful and pleasing to the ear, and Cantonese songs are endless and enduring. Especially since the reform and opening up, with the economic development of Guangzhou and Guangdong, the status of Cantonese is getting higher and higher. Once upon a time, Cantonese classes were set up in almost all parts of the country, from Heilongjiang in the north to Hainan in the south, from Beijing and Shanghai to An, Cheng and Wu in Xi, and there was an upsurge in learning Cantonese and singing Cantonese songs. Learning Cantonese and being able to speak a few words have become a symbol of fashion. Of course, it is the need of life and work for more people to learn Cantonese. At that time, there was a popular saying in the whole country: "Southeast and northwest, Guangdong made a fortune". If you want to make a fortune in Guangdong, it is naturally necessary to learn Cantonese. In a word, among the seven local dialects in China, up to now, except Cantonese, it seems that no local dialect has been so eagerly studied elsewhere. In recent years, Cantonese classes have even gone abroad, and the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Europe and other countries and regions have held Cantonese classes. It is said that in some countries, as a China person, you may not know English and Mandarin, but you can survive as long as you know Cantonese. Here, it is difficult for people who can only speak Mandarin to make a living. This shows that most overseas Chinese are Cantonese. It is said that among the 40 million overseas Chinese in the world, Cantonese accounts for 30 million. One year, the Emmy Award for International Music in the United States awarded Jacky Cheung, one of the four kings who sang Cantonese songs, the biggest single award in the world. This means that the language area with the largest sales volume of personal music records in the world is neither English used by the most countries in the world nor Mandarin used by the most people in the world, but Cantonese. The popularity and influence of Cantonese and Cantonese songs can be imagined. Even English, which is common all over the world, and Mandarin, which is common all over the country, are candidly admit defeat. This phenomenon is unimaginable for China and even any local dialect in the world. There are reasons for this seemingly incredible phenomenon: first, Cantonese, as a language, is beautiful in itself, with much richer tones than Mandarin, with four tones in Mandarin and nine tones in Cantonese; Secondly, since the reform and opening up, Cantonese and Cantonese songs have gradually become popular in the mainland with developed economic advantages as the background. Third, among the nearly 40 million overseas Chinese in the world, 70% are Cantonese. Of course, these people will never forget their local accent.