Why can German reunification only take the Prussian road?

1. Economic factors 1. Prussia has two-thirds of the population and three-fifths of the territory of the German Empire. It adapts to the trend of industrial revolution and strives to develop its own industry. With the progress of light industry, heavy industry has also begun to innovate rapidly, and metallurgy, machine building, transportation and other industries have developed rapidly and occupied a leading position. Industrial output value exceeds agricultural output value. Lushi's industrial production was closely linked with the development of military industry, which promoted Prussia's national economy. 2. From the agricultural point of view, the feudal serfdom in Prussia also began the process of capitalist reform. As early as the beginning of the19th century, many states, led by Prussia, began preliminary reforms, abolishing the personal attachment of farmers to landlords, allowing farmers to redeem feudal obligations related to land, and agriculture gradually embarked on the road of capitalist development. 3. Prussia established a customs union. 1853 The German Customs Union under Prussia effectively promoted the economic development of Little Germany. The customs union expanded the domestic market, and the economy of Little Germany (that is, Germany excluding Austria) gradually "merged" with Prussia, which largely established Prussia's hegemonic position in German unification. The national bourgeoisie has regarded Prussia as its economic and political representative in Germany. In this way, Prussia not only improved its position and prestige in the Federation, but also surpassed Austria in the economic field. With the development of customs union, Prussia began to occupy obvious advantages. In addition, Prussia gradually brought the economies of other countries into its own market through the customs union. Second, political factors 1. The bourgeoisie urgently needs national reunification, so it strongly supports Prussia's leadership to unify Germany. With the development of capitalist economy, the German bourgeoisie urgently needs national unity, ends the state of division and finally establishes capitalist relations of production. 2. Prussia has a strong Yong ke class to support reunification. In the 65438+60s of 2009, many Prussian Yong-ke classes have abandoned outdated feudal land rent and labor exploitation, but implemented capitalist exploitation system in their own estates, got rid of the economic crisis, followed the historical development trend, and gradually became a class with strong economic and political strength. However, it is also a class with territorial ambitions, which is called "militarism" and attaches importance to military affairs, so it has enough strength to support the Prussian dynasty to realize the great cause of German reunification. At the same time, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture in Prussia, the Yongke class became more and more bourgeois. Seeing the benefits brought by capitalism, they strongly demanded the development of capitalism, and they could no longer stand the split state of Germany. 3. Bismarck's "iron and blood policy" consolidated the political power and further strengthened the military foundation, thus laying the foundation for reunification. Thanks to Bismarck's efforts, the Prussian dynasty established a powerful military force, with new weapons and three-year military service, including infantry 8 1 regiment, cavalry 48/regiment and artillery 18 regiment. In this way, Prussia became a military power and laid the foundation for the reunification of Germany in the dynasty war. 3. Diplomatic factors unified Prussia's favorable diplomatic environment before the outbreak of the war. Bismarck supported Russia to suppress the Polish uprising in 1863 and won the "gratitude" of Tsar Alexander II. This change in Russia provided good international conditions for Prussia to unify Germany to a great extent. France, as Germany's western neighbor, has been preventing German reunification, fearing that it will become stronger. But at this time, France is mired in the invasion of Mexico, and it is very difficult to interfere with Prussia's reunification. At this time, Britain was busy interfering in the American Civil War and the Irish anti-British national movement, and it was difficult to act alone if it wanted to interfere. In addition, Britain wanted to use Prussia's strength to contain its rivals Russia and France. As can be seen from history, the international situation is very favorable to Prussia, and Bismarck, as a politician, is also waiting for such an opportunity. Bismarck took advantage of the situation and actively carried out flexible diplomacy in order to strive for neutrality and non-interference among countries and create favorable external conditions for reunification. Prussia has 2/3 of the population and 3/5 of the territory of the German Empire, and far exceeds other kingdoms and principalities of the Empire in military, economic and industrial aspects. Prussia's unification of Germany is a historical necessity. Due to Prussia's unremitting self-improvement, its economic, political and military strength has advantages in Germany, and the international environment is mostly favorable to Prussia. Its foreign policy and its success really enabled it to complete Germany's national reunification through the road of dynasty war.