How did Africa become a British colony?

1. Basutolan-Lesotho now. 1868 Britain annexed this area, 187 1 handed it over to the colonial government of the Cape of Good Hope, and 1884 Britain resumed direct jurisdiction. Independent of 1966.

2. Bethune-Botswana now. The British Expeditionary Force arrived there in 1884, and 1885 was declared a British protectorate. 1895, part of Bethune was handed over to the colonial government of the Cape of Good Hope, and the rest continued to be under the direct jurisdiction of Britain. Independent of 1966.

3. British Togo was originally a German colony, which was divided into French Togo and British Togo after World War I. After the war, Britain designated this area and merged it into the Gold Coast on 19 19, and Ghana became a part of its territory after independence.

British Cameroon was originally a German colony. After World War I, Britain designated some of them. 196 1 year, Britain, France and Cameroon merged and declared independence.

Gambia has been a fortress for British businessmen since 166 1. 182 1 merged into Sierra Leone, 1888 became an independent British colony, 1894 declared some inland areas a British protectorate, and 1965 obtained it.

6. The Gold Coast is now Ghana. From 163 1, British businessmen began to live here. From 182 1 to 1874, British Sierra Leone is an administrative region, and from 1828 to 1843, it is controlled by businessmen. From 1830, its territory began to expand inland. 1874, Britain established the Gold Coast Colony, and its boundary was finally determined in 1904. British Togo was merged in 19 19 and became independent in 1957.

7. Egypt was occupied by Britain in 1882. From 19 14 to 1922, it is a British protectorate. It gained independence in 1922, but fulfilled the necessary treaty obligations to Britain. British troops remained in the country until 1954.

8. Kenya was acquired after 1886 when Britain and Germany carved up East Africa. 1888 was incorporated into the jurisdiction of British East Africa Company, and 1895 was directly managed by British government instead of East Africa Company. 1920 Kenya was established as a colony, and 1963 became independent.

9. Mauritius 18 14 Britain won Mauritius from France and became independent in 1968.

10. Nigeria set up its consulate in 185 1, annexed some areas in18, set up a protected area in Niger in 1885, and in 1886. 19 14 north and south Nigeria merged, 19 19 British Cameroon merged into Nigeria, 1960 became independent.

1 1. Northern Rhodesia is now Zambia. 189 1 was ruled by British south African companies, and 1924, the British government began to directly rule this area. 1953 Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland and southern rhodesia established the Central African Federation, and 1964 became independent.

12. Nyasaland is now Malawi. Since 1875, missionaries have established their strongholds during this period. 189 1 year, Britain established a protected area in Central Africa. 1907 was named Nyasalan. 1953 merged with northern rhodesia and southern rhodesia to form the Central African Federation, and 1964 became independent.

13. Sierra Leone has been an important stronghold for British companies to sell slaves since 1787. 1807 became a British colony, 1896 its inland area was declared a British protectorate, 196 1 year became independent.

14. southern rhodesia is now Zimbabwean. 1893, Britain took southern rhodesia from African tribes and managed it by British South Africa Company. 1923 set up a responsible government, which is managed by the British government. From 1953 to 1964, the Central African Federation was formed with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. 1965, the white minority government declared its independence on its own. 1980, the white regime reached an agreement with the black ethnic group, renamed Zimbabwe, and became a recognized sovereign country.

15. British Somaliland became a protectorate of Aden in 1884, demarcated its border in 1897, and became a separate colony in 1905. 1940 to 194 1.

16. South Africa 1795 and 1806, Britain seized part of the territory of the Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch twice. 18 14, the cape of good hope was completely annexed, and it was directly under British jurisdiction from 1872. After the British occupation of this former Dutch colony, many Dutch whites began to immigrate to the Orange Free State and Transvaal, but Britain annexed these two areas after the Boer War of 1900. 1843 Natal was annexed by Britain and became its colony. 19 10, the above colonies merged to form the south African Federation and became a dominion.

17. Namibia in Southwest Africa today. 1878, Walvis port in Namibia was declared a British territory; 1884, it was incorporated into the colony of the Cape of Good Hope; 19 15, Britain annexed the German colony around the port; 19 19. 1990 independence.

18. Swaziland 1890 Britain and Transvaal jointly protect the rulers of Swaziland, 1906 Britain protects them alone, 1968 is independent.

19. Sudan Sudan was originally a colony of Egypt, and later the rule of Egypt was overthrown by Mehdi in the1880s; 1898 Britain reoccupied Sudan in the name of Egypt and ruled Sudan together with Egypt. 1956 Sudan becomes independent.

Tanganyika was originally a German colony in East Africa. 19 19 was appointed by Britain, 19 1 year became independent, and 1964 formed Tanzania with Zanzibar.

20. Zanzibar was founded by Britain in 184 1, declared a British protectorate in 1890, became independent in 1963, and merged with Tanganyika to form Tanzania the following year.

2 1. Uganda 1890 The British East Africa Company signed a treaty with the Kingdom of Buganda, which officially became a British protectorate in 1894, and several other regions joined the protectorate in succession in 1896, and Uganda was established as a colony in 1905./

Africa is the second largest continent in the world, covering an area of over 3,000 square kilometers, including the surrounding islands. The word Africa has a long history, and it appeared in the writings of ancient Romans. At that time, the concept referred to Tunisia and northwestern Algeria. At the end of the Roman Empire, this area expanded to North Africa, but it still did not include sub-Saharan Africa. At the end of the Middle Ages, after the opening of new sea routes, it gradually expanded to the whole of Africa. 1. Basutolan-Lesotho now. 1868 Britain annexed this area, 187 1 handed it over to the colonial government of the Cape of Good Hope, and 1884 Britain resumed direct jurisdiction. Independent of 1966.

The period from 15 to the end of 18 is equivalent to the handicraft industry stage in primitive accumulation of capital and workshops in Europe and America. With the opening of new air routes, Africa has become the coveted object of European powers. 14 15, Portugal established its first colonial stronghold in Ceuta, North Africa. 16 and 17 centuries, Holland, Britain and France also invaded Africa one after another. At that time, Africa was the most inaccessible continent in Europe. Most of the colonists' strongholds were in the coastal areas, starting from Cape Verde in West Africa and reaching the coastal areas of Angola for 3,000 kilometers, which also reflected the basic requirements of western colonists' foreign aggression during the primitive accumulation period. On the one hand, they tried to turn the coastal areas of Africa into stopovers and supply bases for colonists to explore in Africa, on the other hand, they carried out slave trade on the coast of West Africa, making it an important part of their original capital accumulation. During this period, the colonialists adopted naked violence, mainly predatory trade and bloody sale of black slaves. From the middle of15th century to the end of19th century, the colonists carried out the slave trade for 400 years. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, the first African slave ship crossed the Atlantic Ocean from the coast of West Africa and was transported to the New World. The scope of the slave trade is concentrated on the east and west sides of the Atlantic Ocean, which is called the "Atlantic slave trade". Slave trade is divided into initial journey, intermediate journey and return journey, so it is also called "triangle trade". The medium range is the most heinous. Colonists gained 300%- 1000% huge profits through the slave trade. The west African coast is the place where the colonists compete for the slave trade most fiercely, and it is called the "slave coast". In addition, the colonialists named the coastal areas of West Africa "Pepper Coast", "Ivory Coast" and "Gold Coast" according to their main plundering objects, which vividly demonstrated the commercial characteristics of colonial plunder.

The Brussels Conference lasted from the end of 18, the beginning of 19 to 1876, which was equivalent to the heyday of the development of capitalist machinery industry and free capitalism in Europe and America. During this period, the west stepped up its aggression against Africa, trying to turn Africa into a raw material producing area and a commodity market. The way of colonial rule has also changed from the initial construction of trading posts and slave trading to territorial occupation and colonial slavery in Africa. The reason for the change of ruling mode lies in the development of capitalist industry, the slave trade policy can not meet the needs of raw material producing areas and commodity markets, and the development of bourgeois democratic thought also condemns the slave trade. Colonists want to use Africans to develop Africa, which is more profitable than westerners. Economically, exporting a ship of palm oil is more profitable than exporting a ship of slaves. Denmark passed the slave trade law in 1803, Britain in 1807, Sweden in 18 13, and the Netherlands in 18 14. /kloc-In the 1920s and 40s of 0/9, Britain cooperated with Spain, Portugal, France and other major slave countries and concluded the Treaty on Mutual Inspection of Ships at Sea, which stipulated that maritime patrols should be conducted and slave traders should be punished. However, because the United States refused to sign the contract before 1862, some other European countries continued to sell slaves by flying the American flag in order to avoid inspection. /kloc-Before the late 0/9th century, the slave trade never ended, but the official slave trade was replaced by the smuggled slave trade.