Please provide the detailed process of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty and the Chu-Han war, and attach a schematic diagram of the war. Thank you.

Peasant Uprising in the Late Qin Dynasty

The first nationwide peasant uprising in Chinese history. During the reign of Qin Shihuang, large-scale construction of palaces and mausoleums, as well as the construction of the Great Wall and Chi Road, and the use of troops against the Xiongnu and South Vietnam consumed a lot of manpower and financial resources, which greatly increased the people's corvee and tax burdens. At the same time, severe punishment laws were also enacted, causing people to violate criminal laws at every turn. After the Second Emperor of Qin came to the throne, he increased his wealth, enforced corvee incessantly, and used it more harshly, causing the world to be exhausted and the people to fall into deep suffering. In July of the first year of Qin II (209 BC), a group of poor peasants who were sent to Yuyang (now Miyun, Beijing) marched to Daze Township, Qixian County (now Suxian County, Anhui Province). They encountered continuous heavy rain and blocked roads. Arrive at your destination on time. According to Qin law, those who miss the deadline will be beheaded. Under such circumstances, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, the two garrison commanders, secretly discussed that fleeing now would mean death, and rising in rebellion would only mean death. Why not fight to the death and do something good? Therefore, they used the "Fish Belly Alchemy Book", "Bonfire Fox Crying" and other strategies to launch an uprising among the garrison soldiers, killing the officers in custody, and put forward the slogan "Great Chu is rising, Chen Sheng is the king" ("Historical Records: Chen She Family"). Chen Sheng established himself as a general and Wu Guang as the captain. He called on the masses to revolt in the names of Qin Shihuang's eldest son Fusu and Chu general Xiang Yan. The rebel army quickly captured Qixian (now south of Suxian County, Anhui), then advanced westward and captured Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan), an important town in the Qin Dynasty. At this time, the rebel army had six to seven hundred chariots, more than a thousand cavalry, and tens of thousands of infantry. The rebel army established the "Zhang Chu" regime in Chen, and Chen Sheng was elected king. The establishment of Zhang Chu's regime promoted the climax of the anti-Qin struggle across the country. Farmers everywhere killed officials one after another in response to Chen Sheng. With Chen as the center, Chen Sheng divided his troops into several groups and marched in four directions to expand the influence of the revolutionary regime. Wu Guang led the main force to march westward, preparing to go straight to Xianyang. He was blocked in the strategic town of Xingyang and was in a stalemate with the Qin army. Chen Sheng then sent Zhou Wen to lead his army directly to Guanzhong. When they arrived at Hangu Pass (now northeast of Lingbao, Henan), the rebel army already had thousands of chariots and hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Zhou Wen's army was unimpeded and quickly captured Xi (east of present-day Lintong, Shaanxi Province) and approached Xianyang, the capital of Qin. Qin II was greatly alarmed and hurriedly pardoned the hundreds of thousands of prisoners who had built tombs in Lishan Mountain. He hastily formed an army, led by Shaofu Zhang Han, to counterattack the peasant army. Zhou Wen's army went deep alone and lacked training and combat experience. After several hard battles, it suffered successive setbacks and was forced to withdraw from Hangu Pass. In the final battle of Mianchi, he lost again and Zhou Wen committed suicide. Qin general Zhang Han took advantage of the victory and marched eastward to force the peasant army under Wu Guang who was besieging Xingyang. Wu Guang was killed by his general Tian Zang because he could not capture Xingyang for a long time. Then, Tian Zang led his army westward to fight against Zhang Han. In the battle of Aocang, Tian Zang was defeated and killed. After Zhang Han lifted the siege of Xingyang by the rebel army, he rushed towards the center of the uprising with all his strength. Chen Sheng personally led his army to fight, but unfortunately failed. In December of the second year of Qin II, Chen Sheng retreated to Xiachengfu (now northwest of Mengcheng, Anhui) and was killed by the traitor Zhuang Jia. The uprising led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang lasted for 6 months and finally failed. But it dealt a heavy blow to the corrupt rule of the Qin Dynasty and laid the foundation for the overthrow of the Qin Dynasty. Afterwards, peasant uprising armies from various places continued their struggle against Qin and finally overthrew the Qin Dynasty. The revolutionary initiative and heroic spirit demonstrated by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's uprising inspired tens of thousands of farmers in later generations to fight against feudal rule.

Chu-Han War

The Chu-Han War between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang competing for the world

In October of the first year of the Han Dynasty (206 BC), Liu Bang destroyed Qin and Guanzhong became king. In December, Xiang Yu sent his army to break through Hangu Pass, hoping to destroy Liu Bang's army. Liu Bang knew he was outmatched, so he went to Hongmen (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi Province) to apologize. Soon, Xiang Yu entered Xianyang. In the spring, Xiang Yu ostensibly respected King Huai of Chu as the righteous emperor, but actually sent him to the south of the Yangtze River, established himself as the overlord of Western Chu, and made his capital Pengcheng (today's Xuzhou, Jiangsu). At the same time, he enfeoffed 18 princes, named Liu Bang the King of Han, and took over Bashu and Hanzhong. The Qin surrendered generals Zhang Han, Sima Xin, and Dong Yi were deliberately granted the titles of King Yong, King Sai, and King Zhai, and they controlled the territory in Guanzhong in order to control Liu Bang. Liu Bang had no choice but to accept the title. In April, he led troops into Hanzhong and burned down the plank road (a road paved with wooden planks on the cliff), indicating that he would never send troops again to paralyze Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu also led his army back eastward. In May and June, Tian Rong, a descendant of the nobles of Qi State, was dissatisfied with the enfeoffment, drove away the King of Qi, killed the King of Jiaodong, and established himself as the King of Qi. Liu Bang took advantage of the chaos to return to Guanzhong, defeated Zhang Han, forced the landing of Sima Xin and Dong Yi, and used a trick to deceive Xiang Yu into believing that he was satisfied after winning Guanzhong and would never move eastward again. Xiang Yu went to attack Tian Rong with confidence and did not strengthen his defense to the west. In October, Liu Bang sent his army eastward, worshiped Han Xin as his general, built a plank road openly, and secretly crossed to Chencang (today's east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province). He was named the Righteous Emperor and mourned. He sent people to contact the princes and publicly denounced Xiang Yu, which kicked off the Chu-Han War. .

The first battle against Pengcheng: In April, Liu Bang took advantage of Xiang Yu's stay in Qi and led the princes' army to capture Pengcheng in one fell swoop. When Xiang Yu heard about it, he quickly led 30,000 elite troops to attack and annihilated more than 200,000 coalition troops. Liu Bang only escaped with a few dozen cavalry, and the anti-Chu alliance collapsed.

Fighting for Chenggao: In May, Liu Bang arrived at Xingyang and defeated Chu's pursuing troops. He was able to calm down and stabilize his position. He then reorganized his army and relied on the Guanzhong base and favorable terrain to fight Xiang Yu for a long time. In June, Liu Bang sent troops to attack Feiqiu, forcing Zhang Han to commit suicide, and relieved his worries; he sent people to persuade Yingbo to rebel against Chu, and contacted Peng Yue to disturb Chu's rear; he sent Han Xin to open up the northern battlefield, attack Wei and capture Wei Wangbao, break the dynasty, destroy Zhao and kill Chen Remain.

In the winter of the third year, Xiang Yu launched a counterattack and besieged Xingyang. The situation was very critical. Liu Bang used Chen Ping's secret plan to make Xiang Yu suspect Fan Zeng. He did not use his plan and forced Fan Zeng to return home in anger. Liu Bang also sent Ji Xin to pretend to be himself and went to the Chu army to fake a surrender and took the opportunity to escape from Xingyang. Xiang Yu stepped up the siege of Xingyang and captured Chenggao.

In order to reduce the pressure on Rongyang from the Chu army, Liu Bang led his army through Wuguan, Wan (now Nanyang, Henan), and Ye (south of today's Ye County), hoping to lure Xiang Yu south. In order to cooperate with the Han army's actions, Han Xin also led his army to the north bank of the Yellow River at this time to support Xingyang. Peng Yue was attacking Xiapi (now south of Pi County, Jiangsu Province). Xiang Yu was forced to lead his army to rescue, and Liu Bang took the opportunity to regain Cheng Gao. In June, Xiang Yu used a fierce offensive to overthrow Xingyang and then capture Chenggao.

On the one hand, Liu Bang ordered the Han army to hold fast in Gongxian area to block the Chu army's advance. On the other hand, he ordered Han Xin to form a new army to attack Qiu, and sent people into the hinterland of Chu to assist Peng Yue in attacking Juyang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan) and Waizhou. Huang and other places once again forced Xiang Yu to rescue him. In October of the fourth year, Liu Bang used a trick to regain Chenggao again.

After Xiang Yu defeated Peng Yue, he failed to find the main force of the Han army for a decisive battle, so he stationed troops in Guangwu (now north of Rongyang) to form a confrontation with Liu Bang. Soon, Han Xin annihilated the Qi-Chu coalition forces in the Battle of Weishui, completed the strategic detour on Chu's flanks, and sent Guan Ying to lead an army directly to Pengcheng. Xiang Yu was attacked from both sides and his troops were exhausted, so he made an alliance with the Han Dynasty and divided the world in the middle with the chasm as the boundary. He returned to Chu in the east and Han in the west. In September, Xiang Yu led his troops back east.

After Chu and Han entered into an alliance, Liu Bang wanted to retreat, but after being reminded by Zhang Liang and Chen Ping, he ordered an all-out pursuit of the Chu army. In October of the fifth year, the two armies fought in Guling (now northwest of Huaiyang), and Xiang Yu won a small victory. Liu Bang won over Han Xin, Peng Yue, Yingbu, etc. with rewards. He severely damaged the Chu army in the next battle and forced Xiang Yu to commit suicide in Wujiang (now Hexian County, Anhui), finally ending the four-year Chu-Han War. In February, Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor and established the Han Dynasty.