Secret: American "birth citizenship" was obtained by a China.

Let's put the clock back to 125 years ago. 1893, then US President Grover? Cleveland appointed John? Wise is the customs collector of San Francisco Port, which is equivalent to giving Wise the entry right of foreigners in the largest port on the west coast of the United States. Wise is a notorious anti-China element. After he took office, he specially formulated much stricter access conditions for Chinese groups than those stipulated by law. At that time, if China people wanted to enter the United States from San Francisco Port, they had to prepare a bunch of sworn statements, business files and photos before they could be allowed to enter the country.

At that time, China was in turmoil, and a large number of China people had to travel across the sea to the United States to engage in cheap manual labor. Many white people in America hold the same position as Wise. They hate that China people go to the United States and adopt various ways to crowd out and oppress Chinese groups. 1On May 6, 882, the US Congress signed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which explicitly prohibited Chinese from becoming American citizens and strictly restricted Chinese from entering the United States. This is the first immigration law for a specific ethnic group passed by the United States.

1895, a man named Huang Jinde from China appeared in the port of San Francisco today. The 22-year-old looks like other China people who are looking forward to entering the United States, but he is different-he is an American-born China person. Huang Jinde's parents are from Taishan, Guangdong. They gave birth to Huang Jinde in San Francisco on 1873. During their stay in America, the couple worked as helpers in a grocery store in San Francisco's Chinatown. However, because he could not obtain American citizenship, he fled back to China with his son on 1890 for fear of being violently persecuted by the police.

But for Huang Jinde, America is his home. He was born and brought up here. He returned to San Francisco by boat a few months after returning to China with his parents. When he entered the country, he claimed to be the chef of the restaurant without any obstacles. This made Huang Jinde think that he was free to enter and leave the United States. So, in June 1894 1 1, he went back to China to visit his parents again, but he bumped into Wise's hand when he entered the country the following year. Wise ordered Huang Jinde to be deported immediately according to the Chinese Exclusion Act on the grounds that he was not an American citizen. Subsequently, Huang Jinde was arrested by American police and detained on a steamboat in San Francisco Bay.

A local China immigrant aid association heard about Huang Jinde's unfortunate experience and helped him find a lawyer. Thomas Huang Jinde's lawyer? Riordan took the United States to court, questioning * * * for refusing to recognize its citizenship. This court debate mainly revolves around the interpretation of the term "and subject to its jurisdiction" in the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution, and whether children born to foreigners in the United States are American citizens.

The article reads as follows: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction are citizens of the United States and the state where they live. Riordan believes that people born in the United States meet the requirements of "being under their jurisdiction", thus obtaining American citizenship. Both the District Court of First Instance and the Supreme Court of Final Appeal supported Huang Jinde's defense. 1898 In March, the US Supreme Court ruled that Huang Jinde was an American citizen at birth by a vote of 6:2.

This judgment also consolidated the principle of territoriality in the 14 amendment to the US Constitution, that is, anyone born on American territory, regardless of race or class, regardless of the immigration status of parents, except the children of foreign diplomats in the United States, will automatically become American citizens.