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from August of the first year of Emperor Gaudi (26 BC) to December of the fifth year (22 BC), Xiang Yu and Liu Bang fought a large-scale war for political power. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, after the failure of peasant uprisings in Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, Chu rebels attacked Qin in two ways. Xiang Yu in the Kanto (refers to the east of Hanguguan) annihilated the main force of Qin Jun; Liu bang took advantage of the gap to attack Xianyang. Qin Wu. According to the agreement of Chu Huaiwang's "Wang Zhi, who settled in Guanzhong first" (Historical Records, Biography of Emperor Gaozu), Liu Bang wanted to call Wang Guanzhong (referring to the area west of Hangu Pass) and sent troops to Hangu Pass (now north of Nanbeizhai Village, northeast of Lingbao Old Town, Henan Province, so it was named because it was in the valley, so as to prevent the princes from entering the Pass). At the same time, it announced the abolition of the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty, and made a "three chapters of the law" with the elders in Guanzhong: "The murderer died, injured people and robbed the crime" ("Historical Records of the Emperor Gaozu"). [Edit this paragraph] It was caused by the fact that Xiang Yu annihilated Qin Jun's main force in Julu (now Pingxiang, southwest of Hebei Province) (see the Battle of Julu) and gained the status of a vassal general, with great strength. Also rate governors army 4, Qin Jun drop pawn 2 straight to the guanzhong. Halfway through, Xiang Yu was afraid that Qin would fall and mutiny, and he killed them all in Xin 'an (now Mianchi East, Henan Province). In December of the first year (the Qin system was adopted at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, and October was the beginning of the year), Xiang Yu ordered Ying Bu to break through Hangu Pass and enter Hongmen (now Lintong East, Shaanxi Province) with the intention of destroying Liu Bang Group. Liu Bangjun was less than 1,, and he expected that his strength would be lost. He tried his best to woo Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Bo for mediation, and went to Hong Men to show his sincerity and shake Xiang Yu's determination. The war did not break out immediately. [Edit this paragraph] In February of the same year, Xiang Yu, by virtue of his overwhelming military superiority, cracked the soil and enfeoffed 18 princes and restored feudal separatism. Self-reliance as the overlord of the West Chu, with its capital in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province). Liu Bang was named King of Hanzhong, with its capital in Nanzheng (now the east of Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province). The Guanzhong was divided into three parts, and Zhang Han, Sima Xin, and Dong Kun were made kings, respectively, in an attempt to control Guanzhong through them, and Liu Bang was trapped in a border area. Liu Bang adopted Xiao He's suggestion and decided to use Ba (the county ruled Jiangzhou, now the north bank of Jialing River in Chongqing, Sichuan) and Shu (the county ruled Chengdu, now Sichuan), and also decided to use Sanqin. The general plan of fighting for the world by going east (see Liu Bang's decision on the battle of the Three Qin Dynasties). In April, I went to Hanzhong to go to China. Burn the plank road on the way to prevent the vassal army from sneak attack, and use this to show that there is no eastward intention. To paralyze Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu also moved to Pengcheng at the same time. In May, Tian Rong, who was not crowned king by Xiang Yu, rose up against Chu in Qidi (now most of Shandong Province) and established himself as the king of Qi. Xiang Yu sent his troops to strike Qi. Liu Bang took advantage of Xiang Yu's lack of time to look to the west and the instability of the Three Qin Dynasties, "making decisions in Dongxiang (Xiang) and striving for power in the world;" ("Historical Records, Biography of Emperor Gaozu"). Xiao He was ordered to collect the Ba and Shu taxes to replenish the army, with Han Xin as the general and Cao Can as the vanguard and tens of thousands of troops, and actively deployed eastward. In August, the Han army sneaked out of the old road (named after the old road water, which governs the west of Beifeng Prefecture in Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province), attacked Yongdi, and besieged the Zhang Han army in the abandoned hill (Yongdu, now southeast of Xingping, Shaanxi Province). At the same time, we divided our forces and captured Longxi (the county ruled Didao, now Lintao South, Gansu), Beidi (the county ruled Yi Qu, now the northwest of Ning County, Gansu), Wujun (the county ruled the skin, now Yuhe Fort, Yulin, Shaanxi), forced to land Sima Xin, Zhai Wang Dong, and quickly settled Sanqin, most parts of attack and capture Guanzhong; Subsequently, the Ministry of Life sent Xue Ou out of Wuguan (now southeast of Danfeng, Shaanxi Province) to March into Chu, and was blocked by the Chu army in Yangxia (now Taikang, Henan Province). Under the situation of being attacked on both sides, Xiang Yu adopted the policy of "Qi before Han" and continued to attack Qi, and the main force was contained in Qi. Liu bang once again seized the fighter plane, consolidated Guanzhong, and expanded his power. He personally led the army out of Shaanxi County (now the west of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province) and marched eastward. Forced landing in Shenyang, Henan, and Wang Zhengchang, Han; Wei Wangbao led the army to join the army, and then captured Sima Men, the king of Yin, and quickly occupied the vast areas in central and southern Henan and Shanxi, resulting in a favorable situation of eastward advancement. In April of the second year, Liu Bang accepted Dong Gong's "an unknown soldier, no accident" and "a thief" in Luoyang. The enemy can be served "("Zi Zhi Tong Jian Volume 9 Two Years of Emperor Gaudi "), taking Xiang Yu's killing of Chu Huaiwang as an excuse, taking revenge for the righteous emperor as a political call, contacting local c's, leading the Coalition forces to attack Chu with 56, troops, and making attack and capture Chu Pengcheng the capital at one stroke (see the Battle of Pengcheng). Xiang Yu's troops will continue to strike together, and he will lead 3, elite soldiers to gallop south by Liu Bang, intoxicated with victory. When he was unprepared, he defeated the Han army with less and recovered Pengcheng. Liu bang only led dozens of riders to break through the encirclement and fled back to Xingyang (now Guxing Town, northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province). In this campaign, the Han army was wiped out by hundreds of thousands and was greatly weakened. When Liu Bang was defeated, the governors turned their backs on the Han Dynasty and turned to Chu. In order to get rid of the passive situation, Liu Bang fought for Ying Bu, made great use of Han Xin and Peng Yue, and United anti-Chu forces from all aspects. Militarily, taking advantage of the favorable terrain of Xingyang and Chenggao (now Sishui Town, northwest of Xingyang, Henan Province), we divided our troops and guarded the danger in order to gain time and develop ourselves. In May of the same year, Liu Bang was supplemented by Xiao He's Guanzhong troops in Xingyang, and Han Xin also led reinforcements to arrive, defeating the Chu army in Xingyang East, thus deterring the Chu army from advancing westward. Chu and Han were at loggerheads in Xingyang and Chenggao, and the war situation was relatively stable (see the battle of Chenggao). In June, Liu Bang returned to Guanzhong, diverted water to break the waste mound, wiped out Zhang Han, and occupied Guanzhong. Subsequently, measures were taken to establish a stable rear base, such as establishing a prince, pardoning criminals, making legislative orders, setting up counties and cities, and strengthening border defense. In August, he returned to Xingyang front. At the beginning of three years, the Chu army launched an offensive against the front line of the Han army, cut off the grain transportation tunnel of the Han army several times, and captured Xingyang and Chenggao. Liu bang defeated and fled Guanzhong. In order to mobilize Xiang Yu, disperse his troops and get rid of the situation of sticking to the city and being passively beaten, Liu Bang adopted the advice of Yuan Sheng, a counselor. In May, he led the army out of Wuguan, and the soldiers went to Wan (now Nanyang City, Henan Province) and Ye (now southwest of Ye County, Henan Province). Xiang Yu was eager to find the main force of the Han army, and sure enough, he led the army from Xingyang, Chenggao to Nanyang and Yeh. The Han army stood firm and did not fight. At this time, Peng Yue captured Xiapi (now Gupi Town, Suining, Jiangsu), an important town behind Chu, and forced Xiang Yu to return to Li for rescue. The Han army took the opportunity to quickly go north and recover Chenggao. In June, Xiang Yu returned to the army, launched a second offensive against the Han army, occupied Xingyang and Chenggao again, and marched westward. The Han army was defeated in Gongxian County (now southwest of Gongxian County, Henan Province), and the Chu army was blocked by deep ditches and high bases. In order to reduce the positive pressure, Liu Bang sent Liu Jia and Lu Wan to reinforce Peng Yue with 2, troops. They attacked the city in the rear of Chu, cut off Chu's route for providing foodstuff, and forced Xiang Yu to return to Peng Yue for the second time, and the Han army recovered Cheng Gao again. In August of the second year, Wei Wangbao lived in Hedong (the county public security city, now Yuwangcheng in the northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province) against the Han Dynasty, threatening the flank of the Han army. Liu Bangxian sent Li Shi, whose lobbying failed, and ordered Han Xin to lead an army to attack. Han Xin raided Anyi and captured Wei Bao alive. Liu Bang then adopted Han Xin's suggestion that "Yan and Zhao should be recruited in the north to attack Qi in the east, Chu should be deprived of food in the south, and the king and the king would meet in Xingyang in the west" (The Biography of Han Han Xin), and sent 3, more troops to Han Xin to open up the northern battlefield (see the battle between Han Xin, Zhao, Yan and Qi). In September of the same year, Han Xin was the first to break generations. In October of three years, he crossed Taihang Mountain and fought with Zhao Jun in Jingxingkou (now southeast of Jingxing, Hebei Province) (see the battle of Jingxing). Han Xin turned his back on the routine and defeated Zhao Jun greatly. Then take advantage of the situation and surrender without fighting. In November, 24, the Qi and Chu allied forces were defeated again on the bank of Wei River (now Shandong Weihe River) (see the Battle of Wei River) and the land was settled. At this point, Han Xin has moved more than 2, miles eastward, forming a strategic encirclement of the Chu army from the east and the north, directly threatening the Chu rear area. In November of three years, while fighting against Chu, Liu Bang sent advisers to lobby Wang Yingbu of Jiujiang to rebel against Chu and attach himself to Han. Ying Bu has two counties, Jiujiang (Shouchun County, now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) and Lujiang (Shuxian County, now Southwest Lujiang County, Anhui Province), which have considerable strength. Ying Bu returned to Han, and Xiang Yu's flank was in critical condition, so he sent Long Qie to attack Jiujiang Army. Liu Bang achieved the goal of containing and dispersing Chu troops in the south. Xiang Yu led his army to attack Peng Yue in the east for the second time, and the soldiers arrived in Suiyang (now southwest of Shangqiu, Henan Province). Wen Hanjun regained Chenggao again and quickly led his troops back to save. The Han army held fast to the danger, and the two sides confronted each other in Guangwu (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan). At that time, Han Xin threatened the capital in the north of Chu Army. Peng Yue swam in the hinterland, and had to divide his troops into Jiujiang in the south, so that his troops were scattered, he was attacked between Scylla and Charybdis, and he was short of food and grass, so he could not fight. Liu bang insisted on not fighting according to the battle between Xingyang and Chenggao. In August of four years, the Chu army ran out of food, and was forced to conclude a peace treaty with Liu Bang to "divide the world" (Historical Records of Xiang Yu), dividing the gap (the ancient canal, located in the east of Xingyang, Henan Province), which belonged to Chu in the east and Han in the west. After two years and five months of stalemate in Xingyang and Chenggao, the Chu and Han armies stopped fighting. [Edit this paragraph] As a result, in September of four years, Xiang Yu withdrew from the east and Liu Bang wanted to return to the west. Zhang Liang and Chen Ping think that "the Han Dynasty is too (big) and a half in the world, and the governors are attached to it. Chu soldiers stop eating (exhausted), and this day will also be the time of Chu's death. It is suggested that "it is better to take it because of its opportunity" ("Historical Records of Xiang Yu"). Liu Bangsui broke his promise, suddenly launched a strategic pursuit to the Chu army, and gathered Han Xin and Peng Yue to encircle the Chu army south. In October of five years, Liu Bang pursued the Chu army to Guling (now Taikang South, Henan Province). Because Han Xin and Peng Yue did not stay put, they did not meet as scheduled, and the Chu army struck early and suffered a heavy defeat, so they were forced to hold their own. From Zhang Liangji, Liu Bang ceded territory to Han and Peng respectively. In December, 4, troops from Han Xin, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and Liu Jia were mobilized, and 1, Chu troops were surrounded by Gaixia (now Lingbi, Anhui, and Huaiyang and Luyi, Henan) (see Gaixia War). Chu army soldiers eat less and eat less, and they are invincible. I heard Chu songs at night, and the morale of the army collapsed. Xiang Yu led 8 riders to break through the south and fled, and Liu Bang sent troops to pursue. Xiang Yu to Wujiang River (now wujiang town on the border between Jiangsu and Anhui in the northeast of Anhui county) was defeated and committed suicide. In the next World War, Liu Bang wiped out the Chu army, won the final victory and established the Western Han Dynasty. [Edit this paragraph] The evaluation of the Chu-Han War lasted more than three years, and the vast battlefield, huge scale, and rich military tactics were unprecedented, which played an important role in the history of China's ancient war. Han Xin, a famous soldier, showed his outstanding commander-in-chief ability in the war. First, the battle of the Three Qin Dynasties was decided, then the generation was broken, Zhao was attacked, Yan was reduced, and Qi was cut. Finally, the Chu army was wiped out under the command, and it was also decided that the battle of the Three Qin Dynasties would sneak into Chen Cang; The battle of Jingxing, last stand, changed its name; The battle of Weishui was struck by water rushing at the enemy and crossing the river halfway. The battle of Gaixia was besieged on all sides and ambushed on all sides. The rich military strategy and flexible use of troops have written a glorious chapter in the history of China War, which has also been recommended by military strategists in past dynasties.