Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty

Wang Mang's policy when he proclaimed himself emperor

After fifteen years as emperor, Mang wanted to make a difference. He regarded waiting for three generations of politics as his ideal. He carried out great reforms, nicknamed the New Deal, but it was retro. First, formulate the national economic policy, establish the mining field system, keep the handmaiden private, and all five mouths are on credit, and formulate six policies, namely, nationalize salt, iron, wine, coins and mountains and rivers, control the market economy with public power, balance prices, prevent traders from exploiting them, and increase the revenue of the state treasury. From the people's health care wedding, official seal, criminal code, etiquette, agricultural clothing and other ceremonies are all a series of reforms in accordance with Zhou Li, full of ideals; However, it is not enough to act on your own, nor can it be carried out by your own people. The people are not living, the pace of reform is too fast, and the people are not living. "Wang Tian" and "private ownership" affected the interests of big landlords, bureaucrats and businessmen, and the loss of Liu's imperial clan naturally caused dissatisfaction and resistance. The headstrong people looked down on the border countries, and they were barbaric and uncivilized. As a result, the border chaos could not be calmed down.

The collapse of the new dynasty

In the fourth year of Tianfeng (A.D. 17), locusts, droughts and famines occurred all over the country. It is useless to ask the people to cook grass roots instead of grain. Hungry people began to riot, outlaw heroes rose up one after another, and the mang army was defeated by Chi Mei and outlaw heroes one after another. In the Battle of Kunyang, Liu Xiu, who was defeated by more than 40,000 troops, declined from then on. In 23 AD, four years after the Emperor, Mang led his ministers to the southern suburbs to hold a mourning ceremony, saying, "Natural virtue is giving, so what should Han soldiers do?" However, another powerful force in The Hero of the Woodrow, the Rebel Army, still attacked Chang 'an, and the young people in the city responded and gradually captured Taiwan Province. Businessman Du Wu killed Wang Mang, and a guest of a captain beheaded him. The rebel army hung up its head and died in Nanyang city. Become a different kind between the Han dynasty and become a scapegoat. According to historical records, this reckless dead man died at the age of 68. Wang Mang's political failure was evaluated as improper restructuring, ignorance, dishonesty and ruthlessness in history. The official history does not recognize the new dynasty established by Wang Mang. His new dynasty was only 2 1 year, which was the shortest in history and Han history.

Wang Mang's background and life experience

Wang Mang, a giant, was born in Yuancheng, Weixian (east of daming county, Hebei). Born in the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (45 BC), he was a very popular wife of the Wang family. His aunt Wang was the queen of the Han Dynasty, but his father died early and could not be sealed. Later, when his brother died, he took on the responsibility of family life. He is very filial to his mother and is famous for respecting his sister-in-law, taking care of his nephew and living a simple life. With the increase of age and social experience, Wang Mang realized that he needed uncle's help besides studying, so he deliberately obeyed his uncle. When my uncle Wang Feng, who lives in the mansion, was ill, Wang Mang personally boiled medicine and tasted soup, and stayed in front of the couch for several months, which was more filial than Wang Feng's son. Before her death, Wang Feng told her sister, the Queen Mother Zheng Jun, to take care of Wang Mang. In the third year of Yangshuo (22 BC), Bai Mang became Huang Menlang, and was later promoted to captain of shooting (the officer in charge of shooting samurai). Since the mid-Western Han Dynasty, the consorts have assisted the government, and the king, queen and IV have been the mother of the world for more than 60 years. Mang relies on his aunt. At first, as a corporal, he was humble, diligent and simple, and won the hearts of the people. Later, I benefited from knighthood and modesty. He often distributed his salary and the emperor's reward to his guests, and even sold his horses and chariots to help the poor. People inside and outside praised Mang's high reputation.

Historical description of Wang Mang's usurpation of Han Dynasty

In 222 BC, 24-year-old Mang entered the Central Committee and began to be an official. He is serious and has more respect for people. His uncle Wang wrote to proclaim himself emperor, willing to give part of his fief to the prestigious minister Mang in the DPRK, and also recommended Mang in the above table. At the age of 30, he was appointed as the new capital Hou, riding a captain, and was served by Dr. Guanglu (the emperor's bodyguard). And Mang Shu Feng, Shang, Gen, Mang Shu successively became an assistant government. When the king proclaimed himself emperor, he was nine princes and five fu. In the eighth year BC, Wang Gen was seriously ill and recommended Mang Daifu, which was accepted by Emperor Cheng. Mang was thirty-eight years old. Mang did fu for more than a year, became emperor and died of illness. The prince mourned the emperor's accession to the throne, and his mother decided that the consorts sent by Queen Ding Tao had gained power. Mang had to resign, retire to Xinye (in Henan), study behind closed doors, pay attention to the court dynamics, wait for the opportunity, and prepare for a comeback. His son, Wang Huo, killed his domestic slave, and recklessly forced his son to commit suicide to pay for his life, which won the hearts of the people. After three years in Xinye, many people wrote to him to rehabilitate him. In the second year BC, Mang was allowed to live in Beijing, and the emperor died the following year. The empress dowager Wang got the imperial seal and called Mang Fu, who was in charge of history, military orders and the imperial army. Mang also handled books played by officials. At this time, Mang was forty-five years old. Overnight, Mang became the executor of the country's highest administration. As soon as Mang came to power, he eliminated the influence of the consorts of Dingfu, made the king Pingdi, acted quickly and decisively against Pingdi's grandmother and Dongping's king, won the support of the ruling and opposition parties, and laid the foundation for the implementation of the New Deal in the future. In the second year, Empress Dowager Tai made the headstrong public, similar to the Duke of Zhou. Mang pretended to refuse repeatedly and accepted the title, but transferred the salary to 28 thousand people. Everyone praised Mang's kindness, which coincided with the first year of AD. Forty-eight-year-old Mangli made his daughter Empress Ping; Wang Yu, the eldest son, was forced to commit suicide because of the Lu Kuan case, involving hundreds of people. His companions wrote that the public attaches importance to family, takes family as righteousness, and takes private as private, and regards the Eight Commandments and the Filial Piety as the bibliography of national talent selection. The 49-year-old Mang was named Zaiheng, ranking above the princes. At this time, the education of rites and music was vigorously promoted, and the number of doctors was increased from one to five. Schools and dormitories were widely built, and talents flocked to Beijing. Culture and education suddenly flourished, thus gaining the support of Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty. Ministers wrote that it took seven years for the Duke of Zhou to set up a ceremony and have fun, but it took only four years for the world to be leveled, so Mang was sealed for nine tin, but this time he was neither humble nor humble. In the fifth year of Pingdi, Pingdi died of illness, went to heaven, and died on behalf of Pingdi. But Pindy is dead. He made the obedient baby crown prince when he was only two years old. According to the ministers, the empress dowager is called Mangdai, a fake emperor, and her subjects are called the country, calling themselves "Yu". At this time, the mango is fifty-one years old, worth six years, and the year number is the first year of Jushe. In the second year, Zhai Yi, the magistrate of Dong Jun, and Zhao Ming and Huo Hong of Li Huai set out to crusade against the headstrong, with great momentum. Wang Yi was sent to rest and proclaimed himself emperor. At this time, Chen Wei's theory of abdication prevailed, and there were many books and orders, such as "Seeking Sages to Resign", "The Decline of the Han Dynasty", "Heaven tells the Emperor to order, and the devotees seal the Hou", which were greatly used by the mangs. Those who gave instructions were rewarded handsomely, and those who were famous for their mourning chapters even presented the books in the synopsis of the Golden Chamber to the Emperor Gaozu Temple. Over the past eight years, from Han Angong-Jae Heng-Fake Emperor-Real Emperor, successive dynasties in China have set up another model of usurpation besides the aristocratic revolution and the civilian revolution.

Wang Mang and Guo Chuan Yu Xi

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped power. If he wants to change the throne, he needs a decree to prove his legitimacy. At that time, the imperial seal was in the charge of his aunt, the Empress Dowager Wang of Han. Wang has deeper feelings for the Liu family than the Wang family, but he will not hand over the decree. Finally, Wang Mang ordered his younger brother, Hou Wangshun of Anyang, to force the old lady to hand over the imperial seal. Wang Shun left a malicious remark, saying that if you don't pay the decree, you have to pay it. Wang had a good impression on follwed and others, but now he felt cheated by his hypocritical nephew, crying and cursing, and throwing the imperial seal on the ground. Wang Shun quickly picked up the decree, but it was still broken and incomplete. Later, although Wang Mang and others filled the missing angle with gold, the decree still left a flaw. When Wang Mang's New Deal power collapsed, the decree was on Wang Mang. The rebels seized the imperial seal and presented it to Liu Xuan, the founder of the Greenwood Rebel Army. Liu Xuan was later defeated by the Red Eyebrow Army, and the decree was once the decree of the little emperor Liu Pengzi supported by the Red Eyebrow Army. Liu Pengzi later failed and surrendered to establish Liu Xiu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The national seal has become the national seal of the Han Dynasty, and it has been circulated in the hands of the emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty since Liu Xiu.

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