What was the difference between Britain and America before?

As far as the first system is concerned.

British political system

Britain has a long tradition of parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. The monarch is the head of state and is currently Elizabeth II. The British legislature, Parliament, currently has two houses. The House of Commons plays an important role, and the House of Lords is mainly an institution to amend laws.

The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister. Usually, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party with the most seats in the House of Commons. Other leading members of the party, together with the Prime Minister, form the Cabinet, which is the main administrative body.

Strictly speaking, Britain is not a federal country, but the current government has recently established decentralized institutions in Scotland and Wales, such as the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh and the Welsh Parliament in Cardiff. Britain also tried to establish a decentralized government in Northern Ireland, but it was temporarily shelved because of political party disputes. The legislative and judicial systems in England and Wales are quite different from those in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Similarly, there are many differences between Scottish law and English law. Although there are many parliamentary acts in Northern Ireland, most of them follow the practice in England. Their common feature is that they have a unified Supreme Court (House of Lords). At present, many British laws apply to the whole of Britain.

American political system

The president is the head of state, the head of government and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The president's executive orders have the same effect as the law. The President is indirectly elected for a term of four years. The government cabinet consists of ministers and other members appointed by the President. In fact, the cabinet only plays the role of assistant to the president and advisory group, and has no collective decision-making power.

Constitutional Law 1776 promulgated the constitutional document "Federal Regulations" on July 4th. 1A draft constitution was drawn up in May, and1A came into effect in March, 789. It is the first written constitution in the world as an independent and unified country. In the past two centuries, * * * has made 27 constitutional amendments. Important amendments include: 179 1 the first constitutional amendment 10, which was passed by the National Assembly in September, including the protection of the rights of belief, speech, publication and peaceful assembly, and was later called the "Bill of Rights" (or "Bill of Rights"); Amendments to articles 13 and 15 on the abolition of slavery and the recognition of the rights of black citizens, adopted by 1865 and 1870; 195 1 The 25th Amendment stipulates that if the President is unable to exercise his functions and powers, the Vice President will be promoted to the presidency. The main content of the constitution is to establish a federal state, and each state has greater autonomy, including legislative power; The political system of separation of powers is implemented, and the legislative, administrative and judicial powers are separated and restricted each other.

The National Assembly is the highest legislative body, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Members of the two houses are directly elected by the voters of each state. Each state has two senators, *** 100, with a term of six years and re-election every two years, which is 1/3. The House of Representatives is elected in proportion to the population of each state, with a total of 435 members. The term of office is two years, and all of them will be re-elected at the expiration of their terms. Members of both houses can be re-elected indefinitely. All members of the Senate and the House of Representatives are full-time, and may not hold government posts concurrently. The current Congress (No.108) was elected in the mid-term on June 5, 2002. One third of the seats in the Senate (34 seats) and all 435 seats in the House of Representatives were re-elected. * * * The seats of communist party and the Democratic Party in the Senate and House of Representatives of the new Congress are 565,438+0: 48 and 229: 205, respectively (there is an independent in each House of Representatives). Because Vice President Cheney is also the Speaker of the Senate according to law and has the right to vote in the Senate, the Republican Party still holds the control of both houses. Ted Stevens, the temporary speaker of the Senate, William frist, the leader of the majority party (Democratic Party), and Thomas Daschle, the leader of the minority party (Democratic Party). Dennis Hastert, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Tom Delay, Leader of the Majority (Democratic Party), and Nancy Pelosi, Leader of the Minority Party (Democratic Party).

The judiciary consists of the Federal Supreme Court, federal courts, state courts and some special courts. The Federal Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice and eight justices, who serve for life. The Federal Supreme Court has the power to declare any federal and state laws invalid. The current Chief Justice william rehnquist.

The second quality of education

1. entrance examination;

None in the UK (undergraduate)

American SAT- undergraduate GRE- graduate GMAT-MBA!

In terms of entrance threshold, the United States is much higher than Britain.

2. Academic system

A master's degree in teaching in Britain can graduate in at least nine months without a tutor's project internship.

Generally, American masters must complete the tutor program within 24 months before they can graduate.

Judging from the master's academic system, the master of teaching in Britain is only a single book-based education, and it is difficult for graduates to get job opportunities in Britain. There is no master's degree in America. If you want to get a degree, you must complete the project honestly, and students often go to major enterprises for internships. This provides a great bargaining chip for getting the American offer in the future.

3. Employment situation

The success rate of China students staying in the UK for employment is almost zero.

The employment rate of Chinese American students studying in the United States is between 25% and 30%.

Why is the employment situation in the United States better? Because the United States is an immigrant country, there is more employment space for international students. Britain is relatively conservative. In addition, due to the dominant position of American economy in the world, the awareness of its institutions is much higher than that of Britain. For an obvious example, the recruitment requirement of Morgan Stanley, an international investment bank, is that MBA graduates from the top 30 schools in the United States or the top 5 schools in Europe are qualified.

4. Various qualification certifications.

ACCA CIMA- accounting ICARW- accounting London investment management institute-financial British actuarial society-insurance

American AICPA- accounting CMA- accounting CFA- financial CFP- financial SOA- insurance

The above lists are all global gold medal certifications in various industries. By comparison, we find that the certification in America is generally better than that in Britain. In the accounting industry, aicpa in the United States is more recognized and effective than ACCA internationally, and the influence of ICARW, an old British association, is only in England and Ireland. In the financial industry, the famous American CFA is in an absolute monopoly position in the world. London Institute of Investment Management was merged by CFA as early as ten years ago. It can be said that financial training in Europe has been shrouded in the shadow of the United States. In the insurance industry, actuarial SOA in North America is also outstanding. Although the British Actuarial Society has great influence in England, its overseas market is bleak.

Generally speaking, the quality of education in the United States is higher than that in Britain. Of course, Cambridge and Oxford in Britain are also famous schools, but overall, the strength and reputation of other British institutions are much worse. Although the strength of American universities is not as good as that of Britain, because of its super influence in the world, it is destined to have a global reputation that British universities can't match. At present, many TOP50 universities in the United States are familiar to HR all over the world, while only a few in Britain are well known. In addition, because Americans have great trust in their education system, they clearly understand what level of work graduates can do. The reason why international students compete for American universities is that the United States trusts its own education system, because this trust has brought them more job opportunities in the United States. Therefore, from the benefits of studying abroad and textual research, it is more economical to choose the American way as far as possible. But if American education is really much better than British education, it is not so obvious.

The third cultural aspect

Speaking of the different customs between Britain and the United States, I want to describe Windsor Castle in Britain and Las Vegas in the United States with two famous landmarks with different feelings and types in my sight. It can be said that the typical characteristics of the British are really like drizzle, which is a little friendly to you; Americans are like a downpour. They can be enthusiastic at first, but it is difficult for them to become real friends. As everyone says, "it's easier to be friendly than to be friends."

The British attach great importance to their own traditions, which is a deep-rooted national character. You can feel it in their ancient chisel pronunciation. Here's an episode. I went to England the second week after I came back from America. On the flight in Britain, the first thing I felt was the British Airways plane, and I could hardly see the stewardess. I only see serious expressions on their faces, and it's hard to see smiles. At this moment, a gentleman asked me what to drink and gave me several choices: "juice, water, coke and so on." What would you like to drink? " His extremely magnetic and turbid voice appeared in my ear. I said, "Please give me tomato juice (the word I said at that time was American pronunciation)". He seemed to know but asked me again in a way that he didn't understand. I repeated it twice. This is because he impatiently responded to me by saying "tomato (now he has made a standard British pronunciation)" and then asked me again. After I repeated his pronunciation, it seems that their bones think that American pronunciation is suspected of being inaccurate. At the same time, they are even more reluctant to accept it. They can't stand the accent of American English, but it's hard to say it directly. America is so powerful that many people follow them. However, in this intimate relationship, there are actually some mixed feelings and ups and downs. When I heard this, I immediately felt that they were so serious and serious. The British gave me the impression of nostalgia, and the English name was' nostalgia'. This tradition is a continuous continuation and inheritance, which can be said to protect the freedom of tradition (which is the least like theirs in the United States). For example, the old-fashioned red telephone booths and red mailboxes on the streets of London for nearly a hundred years, the big umbrellas that people always hold in their hands, tweed coats, Wellington boots and Wimbledon tennis are all unshakable things in British feelings. Their city, especially London, is simply an architectural museum. From Roman times to 2 1 century, everything is available. The buildings bombed by Germany in World War II are still old after the war. This nostalgia is also manifested in behavior and language. Parliamentarians wear old hats, but judges still wear wigs. The black lambskin hat of the soldiers of the Royal Guard of Honor seems to have not been changed for 300 years. People are very polite and use honorifics ten times more than Americans. They never show off their positions and titles in front of people, and they never make noise in public. There are special words to describe this kind of noise in public places, such as hoo-hah and hullabaloo. However, they also advocate the golden mean. When there is such noise, especially when someone is drunk, they usually keep silent, just look at it coldly, or choose to walk away. It can be said that drinking is a style in Britain. In the afternoon, there are people in the bar. In summer, it usually starts to get dark at 10, and many people wander around the bar, just like the British take their dogs for a walk in the morning. Scenes like this are rare in big cities in China, especially in Beijing with competitive pressure and talent accumulation. Generally, it only appears on weekends, and everyone just relaxes. Few people can really achieve a state of mind of long taste and long enjoyment. The British are so calm that they may not worry about the economy when they are old, because the welfare benefits given by the British state are very generous, especially after retirement. I lived in an old couple's house in Cambridge for half a month. They told me that all their living expenses were paid by the government, including utilities, medical expenses, transportation expenses and so on. In their words, they are more and more moist than when they were young. When they are old, they don't have to worry about their livelihood, but they can enjoy their old age more happily.

British people attach great importance to personal privacy, because they are very law-abiding, so all the space outside the law is their own. If you watch a movie in London, even if there are many people, they will try to separate one from you in the seat, and the seat next to you is always empty. British people don't like to show their feelings. If you fly next to an American, he may tell you everything about the ancestors of generation 18 in a few hours, while if you are British, you will hear polite manners and ask you what the weather is like at most. Emotions and sorrows are not their expressions. Although they regard Ireland, Scotland and Wales as inferior peoples, they still regard them as "their own" compared with other peoples in continental Europe. They don't like the French and Germans, but they love and hate the French. They prefer French wine, food and climate to them. They went to France for their holidays in droves. I think they may feel in their bones that the French are not worth living in such a good place. Germans are too serious and rigid, Italians are emotional, Russians are simply depressed, and orientals are dangerous and mysterious. They like Canadians and Australians very much, because they are their descendants, and they keep the temperament and habits of the British, while Americans are too strong. Most British people regard Americans as their own, but they just think that their English is too poor.

Windsor Castle is the witness and epitome of British history, and it can also be said that it conveys the characteristics and spirit of the British. Its stately and majestic palaces and beautiful scenery have attracted worldwide attention. Surrounded by quiet green fields and forests, overlooking the castle that appears and disappears with the clouds, it seems that Shakespeare described the thrilling tragedy in the process of competing for the throne in poetic language. Windsor Castle not only dominates the history of castles in the world with its own characteristics, but also plays an important role in the history of the British royal family, with a strong humanistic color, attracting tourists from all over the world. Windsor Castle-just like its name-attracts people. The beautiful Windsor Castle, a royal castle with a history of nearly a thousand years, is said to be the largest inhabited castle-like building in the world. Windsor Castle has been the royal residence of Britain since the reign of Henry I in the12nd century, and it is still the place where the Queen spends her weekends. Windsor Castle is open to the public except the Queen's residence. Whenever the queen comes, only the largest palace on the top of the mountain is left for her, and the rest are still allowed to visit. It is famous for its collection of famous royal paintings and treasures. There are many unparalleled art collections here, such as paintings by masters such as Da Vinci, Lu Siben and Rembrandt, precious gifts from various countries, ceramic treasures that the Queen loves, pocket dolls, and walls decorated with precious pistols and swords, all of which show the majesty, sacredness and elegant artistic taste of the royal family and give people a special artistic enjoyment. There are two famous churches in the castle. St George's Church and Albert's Church. The architectural art of the church is comparable to Westminster Abbey in the center of London, and its splendor is amazing. Not only that, many important events in British history took place here. Since18th century, British monarchs have been buried here after their death. In addition, there are many tombs of queens, princes and other members of the royal family. The handover ceremony of the guards at Windsor Castle is also quite famous. Fortunately, I watched the handover ceremony of the guards here and experienced the elegance of the Royal Guards on the spot. These guards are not performing, they are all well-trained international standard guards, and their daily handover ceremony is so meticulous that people can't help but respect them. No matter how hot it is, they still wear the eternal black fluffy top hat. Including the guy who punted on Cambridge Lake, are very elegant. White shirt with green belt and chic little bowler hat and high waist pants, so heroic.

Las Vegas in the United States, on the other hand, is so unrestrained, enthusiastic and charming. Its nightlife is very colorful, and the most popular ones are gambling, luxurious dinners and wonderful song and dance performances. Just like Americans worship money, the entertainment performances there are world-famous. The TOPLESSSHOW of FANTANCY Women's Team has earned enough men's attention and money, and it is definitely Sin City. Las Vegas is a sacred place for famous artists in the United States and even the world. At that time, Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley were both famous for their performances in Las Vegas. During the Lunar New Year or traditional festivals in China, there are even China artists performing in Las Vegas. Whenever you go to Las Vegas, you can almost see the performances of many famous artists. Sometimes I wonder why people all over the world are willing to spend money here, especially China people who come to the United States. It can be said that everyone is willing to take out the money in their pockets. Las Vegas, a myth rising in the desert, not only has the bitterness and glory, success and failure of hopeful people, but also has the wonders of world hotels and the top modern management art and culture. If you arrive in Las Vegas after dark and cross a dry and barren land, a shining city that never sleeps will suddenly appear on the edge of the earth, and you will be shocked by this special city, an incredible man-made city. When approaching the urban area along the expressway, anyone's eyes will be attracted by flashing neon lights and luxurious tourist hotels with distinctive features, and even lost in the fantasy of being completely divorced from daily life. All the cities here are for self-entertainment and let you experience your real dreams. This reflects the American spirit of entertainment. Just like the Olympic Games held in China in 2008, even if the American gold medal is not the first, winning the medal is the first. My spirit of participating in my happiness is very good.

If we compare Windsor Castle and Las Vegas to the spokesmen of Britain and America, I'm afraid it proves that the openness, fantasy and diversity of Americans are in sharp contrast with the reserved, arrogant and melodramatic social behavior of British nobles.