What war ended during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty?

The war against Xiongnu in the Western Han Dynasty was obviously divided into two stages. Marked by 1 19 Mobei decisive battle. Before that, it was the first stage, then 17 armistice, and the second stage was from the second year of Taichu (103) to the third year of Zheng He (90 BC).

In the first stage of the Sino-Hungarian War, Han won a total victory, and the decisive battle between 1 19 Mobei reached its climax. As a result of this war, nearly 654.38+10,000 people died directly, which was fatal to Xiongnu, and the troops that Xiongnu could fight were basically eliminated. The result of the battle of Mobei was that "Xiongnu fled far away and there was no court in the south of the curtain". After that, there was no trace of Xiongnu on the border.

During this period, the only major event was the invasion of Wuyuan by Xiongnu and Xiqiang in the fifth year of Ding Yuan (BC 1 12). Han Paixu personally led 100,000 people to suppress the rebellion of the Western Qiang people. For the Xiongnu who took the opportunity to rob, Han's reaction was: General Gong Sunhe and Zhao Polu led more than 10,000 troops and rode thousands of miles, but they didn't see Xiongnu riding alone.

In the first year of Yuanfeng (BC 1 10), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to Shuofang on patrol and demonstrated at the border with 180,000 cavalry. "Guo Jifeng sweat again. When he arrived in Xiongnu, the host of Xiongnu asked him, and Guo said humbly, "I only talk when I see Khan." When Khan met Ji, Ji said, "The head of the king of South Vietnam has been hanging in the Northern Han Dynasty. Today, Khan fought against Han before, and the son of heaven waited for soldiers; Khan can't, that is, south and minister in han. If he leaves and dies in the cold and bitter land north of the screen, that's nothing. " He was so angry that he immediately cut off his host and guests, left Ji Guo and moved to Beihai. But Khan refused to take a rest in order to stay in the Han Dynasty, learned to shoot arrows and hunt, and sent several envoys to the Han Dynasty, so he kindly asked for help. "

If the Han Dynasty launched a large-scale attack on the Huns again during this period, the Huns were indeed in born to die. The main reasons are:

1. During this period, although the Huns were still arrogant, they did not launch harassment at the border, indicating that they had lost their combat effectiveness. Fortunately, Korea launched wars against Dawan, Korea, Southwest China and South Vietnam. That I don't care about hitting Reservoir Dogs.

Second, in the first stage, Korea lost a lot of military forces and could not attack in depth as before. And Han doesn't have many horses, and he can't go back.

Third, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing died successively. "When China resumes its horse, it will ride a general and die of illness, so Han has not attacked Hu in the north for a long time."

During this period, the supreme ruler of Xiongnu was rotated many times. In 1 14 BC, the untimely Hun Yi Zhixie died, and his son Uweili. During Uwe's reign, there was no conflict with South Korea, and the two sides made a series of diplomatic representations, all of which were fruitless. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to force Xiongnu to submit completely through diplomacy and alienation, while Xiongnu hoped to gain buffer time to recuperate through peace talks. Ten years later, Uvidan died, and his son, Jan Lu Li, was called Joel Shan Yu. Son Khan is young, moody, likes to kill people, belongs to a tyrant, and causes a lot of anxiety in middle school. So there was Zuo Dawei's coup plot.

It was also in this year that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched a bloody horse campaign against Dawan in the Western Regions. Because Dawan killed the Chinese ambassador, the Han dynasty, which had long wanted to get its hands on the western regions, finally found an excuse to enter the western regions. After the end of the Southwest War, Han finally freed his hand and began to implement the strategy of conquering the western regions and breaking the rights of Xiongnu. The Han Dynasty gradually drove away the Xiongnu forces by establishing strongholds in the western regions. This grand strategy really threatened the survival of the Huns. This winter, the Huns were caught in a snowstorm, and many livestock froze to death and starved to death. This is fatal to nomads,

At the same time, after the Battle of Mobei, Xiongnu was forced to abandon the desert and go south to live in a hard place in the north. The Han people moved to the frontier fortress, and the Great Wall of the Han Dynasty was used for attack, which was the base for supply and advancement. The Han army can use this as a base to attack the Huns south of the desert. In this case, it is impossible for Huns to survive in the south of the desert.

In this case, there was a fierce conflict between the pro-Han faction and the hard-line faction within the Xiongnu. It can be guessed that there are pro-Han factions in Xiongnu who advocate compromise and solve the dilemma.

The history books say that Khan was belligerent and tyrannical, which caused dissatisfaction among the Huns. Inferring that Khan belongs to hardliners, he still advocates war to get out of the predicament. What is before us is to recapture the desert land, regain the dominance of the western regions, and deal with the possible large-scale attack of the Han army. The first problem is that the Xiongnu must destroy the border fortress, but the Xiongnu's siege ability is extremely weak. The Han army is already a cavalry, and it is obviously a seasoned road to fight against the Han army on a large scale in the south of the desert.

The second problem is that the Huns were defeated by the Han army many times and it was difficult to protect themselves. Facing the aggressive strategy of the Western Regions, the Han Dynasty has almost unlimited financial resources, and it is only a matter of time before the Western Regions fall into the hands of the Han Dynasty. This doomed the final fate of the Huns. However, the Huns were unwilling to perish and played extremely badly.

In the winter of this year, Xiongnu suffered from heavy rain and heavy snow, and many livestock died of hunger and cold. Zuo Dawei, the leader of the pro-Han faction, thinks that continuing to confront the Han people is self-destructive, which leads to conflicts between him and Erhan. Erhan was prone to kill people when he was young, and often killed people who disagreed with him, causing strong dissatisfaction among some people. Zuo Dawei decided to take conspiracy to kill Er Chanyu. Considering his own lack of strength, he sent someone to contact the Han Dynasty for help. If two Khan were killed, they would all surrender to the Han Dynasty. This adventure plan is unlikely to succeed in practice. Although the Xiongnu was defeated by Han many times before, the internal cohesion of Xiongnu was very strong, and there was no major division within Xiongnu. Khan was separated from most of Xiongnu in the Battle of Mobei. Xiongnu Right Wang Xian thought Khan was dead and self-reliant, but once Khan returned, Right Wang Xian automatically belonged to him, and it was still Right Wang Xian. In the subsequent negotiations, due to the pressure of Korea and their own extreme embarrassment, Xiongnu still showed extreme self-esteem.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very happy to hear the news. If this plan can be realized, Han's inner circle will be completely eradicated. Therefore, the Han Dynasty sent Yin Jian General Gong Sun 'ao to build a surrender city in the desert south, which is now the Urad area of Inner Mongolia. Because the surrendered city is too far away from Mobei Long Ting, in the spring of the second year of Tai Chu, the Han Dynasty sent wild Hou to break slaves and rode two Wan Li to Xunji Mountain in the north of Shuofang. Thus, after the Battle of Mobei in 19, the two sides broke out again. At this time, due to nearly 20 years of recuperation, the strength of the Huns has been restored. From the Battle of Mobei to the present, after 20 years and nearly a generation, the Xiongnu population has been restored to a certain extent.