Implementation measures of ecological compensation mechanism

To establish and improve the ecological compensation mechanism, we must conscientiously implement Scientific Outlook on Development, take overall regional coordinated development as the main line, take institutional innovation, policy innovation and management innovation as the driving force, adhere to the principle of "whoever develops will protect and whoever benefits will compensate", choose the ecological compensation mode according to local conditions, constantly improve the government's regulation and control means of ecological compensation, give full play to the role of market mechanism, mobilize the active participation of the whole society, and gradually establish a fair, just, positive and effective ecological compensation mechanism. Gradually increase compensation, strive to realize the legalization and standardization of ecological compensation, and push all regions to embark on the road of civilized development of production development, affluent life and good ecology.

1. Accelerate the establishment of "environmental finance". Take environmental finance as an important part of public finance, and increase ecological compensation in financial transfer payment. The establishment of special funds for ecological construction by the central and provincial governments should be included in the fiscal budget, and local governments should also increase their support for ecological compensation and ecological environment protection. In order to expand the sources of funds, we can also issue lottery tickets for ecological compensation funds. In accordance with the requirements of improving the ecological compensation mechanism, we will further adjust and optimize the financial expenditure structure. The arrangement and use of funds should be inclined to underdeveloped areas, important ecological function areas, water source areas and nature reserves, giving priority to supporting key environmental protection projects in regions and river basins with obvious ecological environment protection effects, and increasing financial support for regional and river basin pollution prevention and the development and application of new technologies and processes for pollution prevention and control. Focus on supporting mine ecological environment management, promote the combination of mine ecological restoration and land consolidation, and realize a virtuous circle of ecological management and land resources development. Take measures such as "solving difficulties through energy", and vigorously support the development and utilization of non-plant renewable fuel energy such as biogas, wind energy and solar energy through financial assistance or in-kind subsidies to ensure "returning firewood to grass" and solve the fuel energy problems in rural areas, especially in the western region.

Actively explore the way of regional ecological compensation, and create favorable conditions for the development of underdeveloped areas in different places from the system and policy. We will increase the support of ecological poverty alleviation policies, strengthen the training of ecological immigrants for job transfer, and accelerate the process of farmers getting rid of poverty and becoming rich.

Increase support for improving the development environment in the western region. Support the western region, especially the important ecological functional areas, to accelerate the transformation of economic growth mode, adjust and optimize the economic structure, develop alternative industries and characteristic industries, vigorously promote clean production, develop circular economy, develop eco-friendly industries, actively build productivity distribution that meets the requirements of ecological environmental protection, promote inter-regional industrial gradient transfer and rational flow of factors, and promote the accelerated development of the western region.

2. Improve the current environmental tax policy. Increase the ecological compensation tax, levy a new environmental tax, and adjust and improve the current resource tax. Expand the collection of resource tax to mineral resources and non-mineral resources, increase water resource tax, levy forest resource tax and grassland resource tax, change the current resource tax from taxable resource sales to actual output tax, and impose heavy taxes on non-renewable and scarce resources. Combine the development and utilization of resources with the promotion of ecological environment protection through tax leverage to improve the development and utilization of resources. At the same time, strengthen the collection, use and management of resource fees and enhance its ecological compensation function. Further improve the management measures for the collection and use of water, land, minerals, forests, environment and other resources taxes and fees, increase the proportion of ecological compensation in the use of various resources taxes and fees, and tilt to underdeveloped areas, important ecological function areas, water source areas and nature reserves.

3. Establish an investment and financing system with government input as the mainstay and the whole society supporting ecological environment construction. To establish and improve the investment and financing system of ecological compensation, we should not only adhere to the government's leadership and strive to increase the input of public finance into ecological compensation, but also actively guide the participation of all sectors of society, explore multi-channel and multi-form ecological compensation methods, broaden the market-oriented and socialized operation mode of ecological compensation, and form a situation of simultaneous development and joint efforts by many parties. Gradually establish an ecological compensation and ecological construction investment and financing mechanism with government guidance, market promotion and social participation, and actively guide domestic and foreign funds to invest in ecological construction and environmental protection. In accordance with the principle of "whoever invests benefits", support and encourage social funds to participate in ecological construction and environmental pollution control. Actively explore effective ways to combine ecological construction, environmental pollution control and urban and rural land development, and accumulate funds for ecological environmental protection in land development. Actively use national debt, development loans, loans or grants from international organizations and foreign governments, and strive to form a diversified capital pattern.

4. Actively explore the market-oriented ecological compensation model. Guide all sectors of society to participate in environmental protection and ecological construction. Cultivating the resource market, opening the factor market, capitalizing resources and ecology, and making the price of environmental factors truly reflect its scarcity can achieve the dual effects of saving resources and reducing pollution, and actively explore market-oriented compensation models such as resource use rights and emission trading. We will improve the system of rational allocation and paid use of water resources, and accelerate the establishment of a mechanism for transferring, transferring and leasing water resources. Explore the establishment of a paid distribution mechanism for pollutant emission indicators in the region, gradually implement emission trading under government control, and use market mechanisms to reduce pollution control costs and improve pollution control efficiency. Guide and encourage eco-environmental protectors and beneficiaries to negotiate reasonable ecological compensation voluntarily.

5. Provide scientific and theoretical support for improving the ecological compensation mechanism. Establishing and perfecting the ecological compensation mechanism is a complex systematic project, and there are still many major issues that need to be further studied, so as to provide scientific basis for establishing and perfecting the ecological compensation mechanism. For example, it is necessary to explore and speed up the establishment of resource and environmental value evaluation system and eco-environmental protection standard system, establish natural resources and eco-environmental statistical monitoring index system and "green GDP" accounting system, study and formulate quantitative evaluation methods of natural resources and eco-environmental value, and study and put forward evaluation methods of resource consumption and environmental loss, and statistical indicators such as energy consumption per unit output value, resource consumption and total discharge of "three wastes" to show the economy of ecological compensation mechanism. Efforts should also be made to improve the technological innovation ability of ecological restoration and construction, vigorously develop and utilize new technologies for ecological construction, environmental protection and new energy, and provide technical support for ecological protection and construction.

6. Strengthen the legislative work of ecological protection and ecological compensation. The stable implementation of environmental fiscal and taxation policies, the smooth progress of ecological engineering construction and the effective development of ecological environment governance must be guaranteed by law. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the legislation of ecological compensation, clarify the responsibility of ecological compensation and the obligations of various ecological subjects from the law, and provide legal basis for the standardized operation of ecological compensation mechanism. Formulate the sustainable development law and environmental protection law in the western region as soon as possible, make overall plans for the coordinated development of ecology, economy and society, and make scientific and systematic arrangements for the ecological environment construction in the western region. At the same time, amend the environmental protection law to make it pay more attention to the construction of rural ecological environment; Improve laws and regulations on environmental pollution control, and gradually bring ecological compensation into the legal track.

7. Determine the key points of ecological compensation in the west and break through the field. There are many ecological compensation points and the task is arduous. There is an urgent need to make breakthroughs in some areas for ecological protection and construction in western China, and promote the development of ecological compensation from point to area. According to the overall deployment of the western development strategy, we should focus on the western region, especially the poor and ecologically fragile areas in the west, incorporate ecological compensation into the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, strengthen planning guidance, put forward the key points of various ecological compensation issues and their implementation steps, and promptly study and formulate relatively perfect ecological compensation policies.

8. Strengthen organizational leadership and continuously improve the comprehensive benefits of ecological compensation. Establishing and perfecting the ecological compensation mechanism is a pioneering work, which needs strong organizational leadership. It is necessary to straighten out and improve the management system, overcome the phenomenon that many departments are fragmented, strengthen close cooperation between departments and regions, integrate ecological compensation funds and resources, form a joint force, and accelerate the establishment of an ecological compensation mechanism. We should actively learn from the successful experience of ecological compensation at home and abroad, persist in reform and innovation, improve policies and regulations, improve the management system, broaden the channels of funds, and constantly improve the ecological compensation mechanism in practice.