How difficult is it to settle in a big city?

According to the investigation and interview of Xinhua Viewpoint reporter, under the general trend of more and more open household registration management policies, the release of the draft for soliciting opinions on the settlement of Beijing points means that the capital with the strictest household registration system in China has achieved the policy of "breaking the ice". So far, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other mega-cities with a permanent population of more than10 million have all put forward or implemented their own points settlement index system. Although these indicators have different positioning and difficulty in settling down, they are undoubtedly pregnant.

Recently, two policies on the settlement of floating population have attracted much attention-the Administrative Measures for the Settlement of Points in Beijing (Draft for Comment) and the Provisional Regulations on Residence Permit promulgated by the State Council. Some experts pointed out that this series of policies shows that the central and local governments are actively exploring together and are committed to finding the best balance between strictly controlling population agglomeration in big cities and implementing "treatment in the same city" for floating population.

A major focus of the residence permit is whether there is a channel to transfer to household registration.

The "Provisional Regulations on Residence Permit" specifies the settlement channels of residence permit in detail: First, if the holder of residence permit meets the settlement conditions stipulated by the local government, he can move his permanent residence from his original residence to his residence according to his own wishes.

Then, in view of the conditions for residence permit holders to settle in towns of different sizes, the regulations have made detailed provisions respectively:-established towns and small cities with an urban population of less than 500,000 have the lowest settlement conditions, as long as they have legally stable residences in urban areas, resident towns of county people's governments or other established towns.

-Medium-sized cities with an urban population of 500,000 to 6,543.8+00,000 have low settlement conditions. As long as they have legally stable employment, legally stable residence and social security for a certain period of time, and the places that have little pressure on the city's comprehensive carrying capacity can be fully liberalized. However, for places where the comprehensive carrying capacity of the city is under great pressure, the scope and years of employment and the scope and conditions of residence can be stipulated, but the requirements of housing area and amount can not be set for the residence, and the social security period can not exceed the requirement of 3 years.

-In big cities with an urban population of 6,543,800+0,000 to 5 million, the conditions for settlement began to get higher. It is necessary to legally stabilize employment, legally stabilize residence and participate in social security for a certain number of years (not more than 5 years). Large cities with an urban population of 3 million to 5 million can also stipulate the scope of employment, the number of years, the scope and conditions of residence, and can also establish a point settlement system in light of local conditions.

-For megacities and megacities with an urban population of more than 5 million, the regulations clearly stipulate that the system of points settlement should be established and improved according to the comprehensive carrying capacity of the city and the needs of economic and social development, with legally stable employment and legally stable residence, years of participation in urban social insurance and years of continuous residence as the main indicators. There is a word inside and outside: "strict".

Small cities have the "good" of small cities, and big cities have the "worries" of big cities. According to the actual situation of different cities, it conforms to the present situation of urbanization in China. In fact, at present, many big cities in China have set up settlement channels for residence permit holders. Among megacities, Shanghai has implemented residence permit points-in 2009, Shanghai announced the "residence permit to household registration" method. According to the "Measures", anyone who meets the five conditions of holding a residence permit in Shanghai for 7 years, participating in social security in Shanghai, paying personal income tax continuously for 7 years during the holding period, and obtaining a title above the intermediate level in Shanghai can apply for a Shanghai hukou. Shanghai's "household transfer" policy implements annual total regulation, and eligible holders need to wait in line according to regulations. At present, Beijing is publicly soliciting opinions on the settlement method of residence permit points. The introduction of the "national version" residence permit has raised these good practices to the level of national policy and strengthened them.

According to the statistics of reporters, 3 1 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have issued residence permit system, and more than 20 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have clearly put forward the system design from residence permit to hukou.

Experts pointed out that in recent years, many cities in China have begun to explore the implementation of the residence permit system. After the introduction of the "national version" residence permit system, it is necessary for all localities to introduce policies in time to keep up with the pace of reform and truly realize the "gold content" of residence permits for people's happy lives.

According to the investigation and interview of Xinhua Viewpoint reporter, under the general trend of more and more open household registration management policies, the release of the draft for soliciting opinions on the settlement of Beijing points means that the capital with the strictest household registration system in China has achieved the policy of "breaking the ice". So far, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other mega-cities with a permanent population of more than10 million have all put forward or implemented their own points settlement index system. Although these indicators have different positioning and different difficulties in settling down, for those who have a "big city dream", they are undoubtedly gradually "opening the floodgates".

Beijing and Shanghai tend to be "high-end", while Guangzhou and Shenzhen have a wider scope.

At present, the index system for the settlement of points in megacities mainly includes two parts: plus points and minus points. Among the bonus items, education, professional title and social security payment period become the basic contents, while bad credit record, criminal record and violation of family planning policy become the sub-items. The index system of the settlement of points in each city clearly reflects the different considerations and orientations of city managers.

-Settlement area. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou all put forward the regional positioning of the settlement of points. Among them, due to the pressure of population relocation outside the city center, Beijing treated the applicant's place of employment and place of residence differently. Shanghai proposed that holders of residence permits work and live in the outer suburbs of the city, and accumulate 2 points every 1 year. After 5 years, it will be included in the total score, with a maximum of 20 points; Guangzhou proposed "policy-oriented zone" plus 10.

-Economic driving force. Among them, Beijing has put forward the design of adding and subtracting points for industrial transfer and entrepreneurship, and will also reduce points for applicants who violate the backward industrial transfer orientation and add points for applicants who meet the entrepreneurial direction. Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen put forward investment bonus points to promote local employment. In addition, Shenzhen has also designed a point system for applicants to pay personal income tax. Among them, paying a tax of147,000 yuan for three years can get 100 points, which is equivalent to doctoral degree points, which shows great flexibility.

-Educational background. Beijing proposes to give extra points only to applicants with bachelor degree or above, which reflects the requirements for applicants with higher academic level. The points settlement policy in Guangzhou and Shenzhen has a wider range of benefits, not only for high-end talents and highly educated talents, but also for applicants with a bachelor's degree or below. In Shenzhen, applicants with college education and senior professional and technical qualifications or senior technician qualifications can get the same score as doctoral students 100. Guangzhou is clear that around the needs of industrial transformation and upgrading, Guangzhou's point-to-household policy has also opened up new channels for front-line personnel such as sanitation workers, bus drivers and medical personnel.

-added value of social contribution. Such as getting rewards and social contributions. Shenzhen scores the applicants' performance in blood donation, scientific inventions, volunteer work and charity. Guangzhou, on the other hand, designs points for the applicant's graduate school.

Ren Yuan, a professor at Fudan University's School of Social Development and Public Policy, said that after the implementation of points settlement, the whole evaluation index system of cities is more flexible and comprehensive according to their own characteristics.

The settlement score line is dynamically adjusted by the government, and information such as ranking and qualification needs to be further transparent.

The different settlement index systems of points in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen reflect the different characteristics and problems of each city's current development.

According to the data, by the end of 20 14, the permanent residents in Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen had reached 24.25 million, 2 15 10000, 1308 and 1077 respectively.

Some experts said that unlike Beijing and Shanghai, which are facing greater pressure on resources and environment, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have better development space and environmental carrying capacity than Beijing and Shanghai, and their economic and social development has a strong demand for all kinds of talents. Therefore, the Guangzhou-Shenzhen index system has a wider audience, and Beijing and Shanghai emphasize "high-end".

Wang Yukai, a professor at the National School of Administration, believes that the population contradiction in Beijing is the most serious in China, and the new system of settlement of points is put forward according to the positioning of Beijing. If the capital cannot develop low-end industries, then in the plan, the employment of low-end industries will decrease; At the same time, in order to realize population relief, we also set up addition and subtraction indicators for population flow.

The reporter's investigation found that, in fact, regardless of the number of points, whether you can finally settle down depends on the score line proposed by the government, but it is actually determined by the total number of settlements controlled by the government. The total annual settlement index of local points is dynamically controlled by the government, and the points policy and settlement score are not fixed for a long time. For example, Shanghai and Guangzhou adjust their points policies every year. Beijing's exposure draft also proposes that the municipal government will announce the settlement score line to the public every year according to the annual population control situation, and the points need to be applied once a year.

In addition, the reporter found that although many cities indicated that they would publicize the points ranking and individuals who finally got the qualification to settle down, there was little explanation about the publicity of the points scores and individual points who got the qualification to settle down.

In this regard, Jun Xiao, a professor at the School of Management of Shenzhen University, believes that the current points settlement policy in mega-cities such as Beishangguangshen and Shenzhen reflects the development characteristics and problems faced by the city. However, in spite of this, the government should be more transparent about the specific implementation of the points settlement and the process of policy adjustment, and avoid artificially adjusting the points system, the number of indicators and the score line, which will lead to public doubts and power rent-seeking.

The orderly liberalization of household registration policy and urban planning should be carried out simultaneously.

At the same time that the policy of settlement of points in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen has been promulgated one after another, the Provisional Regulations on Residence Permit promulgated by the State Council in February 12 clearly stated that the non-registered population should enjoy nine basic public services such as compulsory education and basic public employment services, and seven conveniences such as handling entry and exit documents and motor vehicle registration.

Experts pointed out that on the one hand, it is necessary to use the point settlement policy to actively implement the "same city treatment" for floating population. Hu Gang said that the points system in cities such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen has a wide range of applications, and the government should increase efforts to help some special groups, such as skilled workers with long service years, some of whom have worked in cities for decades.

On the other hand, the settlement of points requires the cooperation of residence permit policy to prevent applicants from "crossing the wooden bridge with thousands of troops". The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Public Security said on 20 14 that the residence permit system is a transitional institutional arrangement, which is to establish and improve the basic public service provision mechanism linked to the length of residence and other conditions to solve the practical difficulties of residents in education, employment, medical care, pension and housing security. Agricultural transfer population and other permanent population who have been employed in cities and towns but have not settled down. Although it is still difficult for domestic megacities to achieve full treatment of registered population and non-registered population in the same city, it is still the goal of governments at all levels to promote urban basic public services and facilitate full coverage of permanent population.

In addition, Hu Gang, a professor at the School of Management of Jinan University, believes that in the process of urbanization in China, the population will continue to gather in megacities. In this case, population control and the orderly liberalization of household registration policy should be promoted at the same time, and should not be neglected.

"At present, if the first-tier cities are completely liberalized, resources and management will be unbearable. Therefore, optimizing the layout of regional economic planning and narrowing the social and economic development gap between regions is the fundamental policy to solve the' big city disease' and promote the equal and free migration of citizens. " Hu Gang said.

Improve the system of settlement of points in megacities and fall into the dilemma of "more monks than porridge"

It is really not easy to satisfy both new immigrants and aborigines. Perhaps it is for this reason that the settlement of points in some cities is strictly controlled. The application result of Qingdao local points settlement was just announced at the end of 1 1, and only 689 people in Qingdao were shortlisted, which seems to be too few. In Ningbo, the same situation is faced. As early as 2009, Ningbo took the lead in promulgating the Interim Measures for the Settlement of Migrant Workers in Ningbo. Now six years have passed, and the latest data show that there are more than 4 million migrant workers in Ningbo, but only 100 people have settled down through points.

The insiders believe that strictly controlling the population of megacities is a positive signal, and megacities cannot develop indefinitely. After the introduction of the fair points system, it is still a very complicated and changeable system engineering to really benefit the transferred population and all citizens in the city. The modern governance and development of megacities is still an arduous task of the times.