The background of the establishment of the Fifth Republic of France

Country name: French Republic, la republice Fran? aise)

National Day: July 14 (Parliament legislated on 1880 to confirm Bastille Day as National Day to commemorate the French bourgeois revolution).

Heritage Day: The third Saturday and Sunday in September (1984) officially started, and the initial activities were held on the third Sunday in September. Under the impetus of Jacques Lang, then Minister of Culture, many historical and cultural heritages in the Deep Palace were opened to the public in order to let more people know about their love and protect the historical and cultural heritage of mankind. Originally named "National Cultural Relics Open Day", it was extended to Saturday and Sunday in 1992. )

National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. The flag surface consists of three parallel and equal vertical rectangles, blue, white and red from left to right. There are many origins of the French national flag. The most representative is that during the French bourgeois revolution in 1789, the Paris National Self-Defense Force used the blue, white and red flags as its team flag. White is in the middle, representing the king and symbolizing the sacred position of the king; Red and blue are on both sides, representing the citizens of Paris; At the same time, these three colors symbolize the bourgeois alliance between the French royal family and Paris. The tricolor flag was once a symbol of the French Revolution. It is said that the three colors represent freedom, equality and fraternity respectively.

National emblem: France does not have an official national emblem, but traditionally it uses the coat of arms of the Great Revolution as a national symbol. The coat of arms is oval, and it is painted with one of the symbols popular during the Great Revolution-the bundle of sticks, which is an authoritative symbol used by senior law enforcement officers in ancient Rome. Both sides of the bundle are decorated with olive branches and oak branches, and the ribbon wrapped between them reads "freedom, equality and fraternity" in French. The whole design is decorated with ribbons with Roman legion medals.

National anthem: La Marseillaise.

National flower: iris.

National bird: rooster

National Stone: Pearl

Head of State: President Nicolas Sarkozy, elected in May 2007; In June 2007, he was elected as Speaker of the National Assembly Bernard Accoyer; Prime Minister francois fillon took office in May 2007; Jean-Louis Debre, President of the French Constitutional Council, took office in February 2007. Six Presidents of the Fifth Republic of France

Physical geography: covers an area of 55 1602 square kilometers. Located in the western part of Europe, it borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Spain, Andorra and Monaco, faces Britain across the Lamanche Strait in the northwest, and is close to the North Sea, the English Channel, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea is the largest island in France. The terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. The plain accounts for two thirds of the total area. The main mountain ranges are Alps, Pyrenees and Jura. Mont Blanc on the French-Italian border is 48 10 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Europe. Rivers mainly include the Loire River (10 10 km), the Rhone River (8 12 km) and the Seine River (776 km). Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea is the largest island in France. The total length of the border line is 5695 kilometers, including 2700 kilometers of coastline, 2800 kilometers of land line and 0/95 kilometers of inland river line. The climate in the west is marine temperate broad-leaved forest, the climate in the south is subtropical Mediterranean, and the climate in the middle and east is continental. From northwest to southeast, the average precipitation increased from 600 mm to more than 1000 mm.

Population: the national population is 63.39.2 1 10,000 (as of 2007 1 month/day), among which 4 million are foreigners, 2 million of whom are from EU countries, and the immigrant population reaches 4.9 million, accounting for 8. 1% of the national total population. General French. 90% of the residents believe in Catholicism, and there are about 4 million Muslims and a few Protestants, Jews, Buddhists and Orthodox Christians.

Capital: Paris. As of 2007 1 month/day, the population of Paris was 2 1 50,000, of which the urban and suburban population of Paris was11490,000. Osei Museum —— The Most Beautiful Museum in Europe

Administrative division: it is divided into regions, provinces and towns. The province consists of prefectures and counties, but it is not an administrative region. The county is the judicial and electoral unit. The French mainland is divided into 22 regions, 96 provinces, 4 overseas provinces, 4 overseas territories and 1 local administrative regions with special status. China has 36,679 municipalities directly under the central government.

Brief history: Gauls settled here in 200 BC. In 1 century BC, Caesar, the governor of Rome, occupied the whole Gaul and was ruled by Rome for 500 years. In the 5th century, the Franks conquered Gaul and established the Frankish Kingdom. /kloc-after 0/0 century, feudal society developed rapidly. 1337, the British king coveted the French throne and the "Hundred Years' War" broke out. In early France, a large area was occupied by Britain, and the French king was captured. After that, the French people waged an anti-aggression war and ended the century-old war in 1453. /kloc-from the end of 0/5th century to the beginning of 0/6th century, a centralized country was formed. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/7th century, absolute monarchy reached its peak. With the development of bourgeois power, the French Revolution broke out in 1789, and the monarchy was abolished. 1792 established the first republic on September 22nd. 1799 1 1 9 (foggy month 18), Napoléon Bonaparte seized power, 1804 proclaimed himself emperor and established the first empire. 1848 In February, the revolution broke out and the Second Republic was established. 185 1 year, president louis bonaparte launched a coup, and the second empire was established in the following year1February. 1870 was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War, and the third republic was established in September/870 until 1940, when the French Petain government surrendered to Germany and the third republic was destroyed. 187 1 March18th, the people of Paris held an armed uprising and founded the Paris commune. At the end of May of the same year, it was brutally suppressed by the French army. France was invaded by Germany during World War I and World War II. 1June, 944, an interim government was announced, headed by Charles de Gaulle. 1946, the Constitution was adopted and the Fourth Republic was established. 1958 In September, the new Constitution was adopted and the Fifth Republic was established. In the same year1February, Charles de Gaulle was elected president.