How do you view economic globalization?

Question 1: How to correctly view economic globalization (1) The reason why economic globalization is a double-edged sword is because its positive and negative effects exist at the same time, but in general The positive effects outweigh the negative effects.

In terms of positive effects, economic globalization effectively utilizes resources from all over the world, provides more development opportunities for various countries, and greatly enriches and facilitates people's daily lives.

In terms of negative effects, economic globalization led by Western developed countries has caused conflicts between the North and the South, polarization between rich and poor, environmental degradation and other problems, triggered a global economic, financial and ecological crisis, and threatened human survival. Developing countries are in a very disadvantaged position and face challenges to their national security and economic security.

(2) Attitude: ① Economic globalization is a requirement for the development of productive forces, an inevitable result of social and economic development, and an unchangeable historical trend. Therefore, it is incorrect and useless to oppose globalization. .

② Developing countries must seize the opportunity of globalization and actively participate in the globalization process. There is no way out in isolation from globalization.

③ Developing countries must have a full understanding of the risks and security issues brought about by globalization, actively take various measures to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and strive to establish a fair and reasonable new international economic and political order. , striving to adjust international economic operating rules in a direction that is beneficial to developing countries.

Question 2: How should we view the impact of economic globalization? Economic globalization is a double-edged sword. Positivity: Economic globalization is the result of the development of productive forces and accelerates the development and prosperity of the world economy. Negativity: 1. It intensifies the interest imbalance in global competition and widens the gap between developed and developing countries. 2. Developed countries become the biggest beneficiaries of economic globalization, while developing countries are at a disadvantage and passive position. 3. Environmental pollution. , energy crisis and food shortage affect the fundamental interests of all mankind. In addition, the impact of economic globalization on developing countries is also a coexistence of opportunities and challenges: 1. Conducive to absorbing foreign investment, technology and management experience 2. Conducive to participating in international division of labor and cooperation, and participating in international competition 3. Adjusting industrial structure 4 , Challenges that are conducive to improving international status: 1. National security and economic security are facing unprecedented pressure and challenges 2. Developed countries are transferring polluting enterprises to developing countries, destroying the ecological environment 3. The increasingly severe international economy Environment, developed countries use their advantages in financial capital and technology to oppress and exploit developing countries

Question 3: How to understand economic globalization Economic globalization refers to the world's economic activities that transcend national boundaries and develop through foreign trade, capital flows, and technology A global organic economic whole formed by transfer, service provision, interdependence, and interconnection. Economic globalization is one of the important features of the contemporary world economy and an important trend in world economic development. The process of economic globalization has already begun. Especially after the 1980s and especially in the 1990s, the process of world economic globalization has greatly accelerated. Economic globalization is conducive to the rational allocation of resources and production factors around the world, the global flow of capital and products, the global expansion of science and technology, and the promotion of economic development in underdeveloped areas. It is the basis for human development and progress. Performance is the inevitable result of world economic development. But it is a double-edged sword for every country, presenting both opportunities and challenges. In particular, developing countries with weak economic strength and relatively backward science and technology will face more severe risks and challenges in the face of fierce global competition. The urgent problem in the current economic globalization is to establish a fair and reasonable new economic order to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of competition.

Economic globalization refers to the globalization of trade, investment, finance, production and other activities, that is, the optimal coordination of survival factors on a global scale. Fundamentally speaking, it is the product of the high development of productivity and international division of labor, which requires further crossing national and national boundaries.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, economic globalization and the in-depth development of multinational companies have not only brought a major impetus to world trade, but also brought many uncertain factors to the economy and trade of various countries, making it appear Many new features and new contradictions. For this reason, studying and understanding this issue has certain practical significance.

1. The Proposition and Development of Economic Globalization

(1) The meaning of economic globalization Economic globalization appeared in the mid-1980s and was recognized in the 1990s, but currently there is no Unifying concept. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) pointed out in a report published in May 1997 that “economic globalization refers to the increase in the scale and form of cross-border trade in goods and services and capital flows, as well as the widespread and rapid spread of technology, which has transformed the economies of various countries around the world. increased interdependence.” The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) believes that “economic globalization can be seen as a process in which the economy, market, technology and communication forms are increasingly characterized by global characteristics, and national and local characteristics are intertwined. reduce".

To this end, economic globalization can be understood from three aspects: first, the strengthening of economic ties and increasing interdependence among countries around the world; second, the continuous convergence of domestic economic rules in various countries; third, international economic coordination Mechanism strengthening means that various multilateral or regional organizations play an increasingly stronger role in coordinating and constraining the world economy.

Generally speaking, economic globalization refers to a market economy based on advanced technology and productivity, led by developed countries, with the goal of maximum profits and economic benefits, through division of labor and trade. , investment, multinational companies and factor flows, etc., to realize the division of labor, collaboration and mutual integration of the markets of various countries.

(2) Carrier of economic globalization

1. Trade liberalization. With the accelerated development of global trade in goods, services, and technology trade, economic globalization has promoted the formation of the world's multilateral trading system, thereby accelerating the growth rate of international trade, promoting the development of global trade liberalization, and also making it possible to join the WTO Members of the organization regulate their behavior according to unified international standards.

2. Internationalization of production. As the fundamental driving force for the development of human society, productivity has greatly promoted the expansion of the world market. The scientific and technological revolution symbolized by the Internet has narrowed the distance between countries in time and space, prompted huge changes in the world trade structure, and promoted the transnational flow of production factors. It not only puts forward inherent requirements for production to transcend national boundaries, but also provides opportunities for globalization. Production has prepared the conditions and is the fundamental driving force for economic globalization.

3. Financial globalization, a worldwide network of financial institutions, a large number of financial businesses conducted across borders, and systems for cross-border loans, cross-border securities issuance and cross-border mergers and acquisitions have been formed. The world's major financial markets are connected in time and price, and transactions of hundreds of billions of dollars can be realized within a few seconds. In particular, the foreign exchange market has become the most liquid and all-weather market in the world.

4. Globalization of science and technology. It refers to the optimal allocation of scientific and technological resources of various countries on a global scale. This is the latest expansion and rapid progress of economic globalization. It is manifested in the large-scale cross-border transfer of advanced technology and R&D capabilities, and the widespread existence of cross-border joint R&D. Taking the information technology industry as an example... >>

Question 4: How to view the pros and cons of economic globalization for China? The trend of economic globalization is a "double-edged sword". On the one hand, it has It may accelerate the free flow and optimized allocation of production factors on a global scale; on the other hand, economic globalization led by Western developed countries will inevitably expand the inherent contradictions of capitalism to the world, causing serious problems such as the polarization between rich and poor, environmental degradation, etc. . 1.1 Opportunities in the trend of economic globalization Economic globalization has at least provided us with opportunities in the following aspects: (1) Realizing the interoperability of production factors. China has accumulated a lot of successful experience in this regard and has benefited a lot from utilizing international funds, experience, talents, and technology. (2) Reduce the cost of learning management experience. While multinational companies are grabbing profits, they will also bring their management experience. We will have more opportunities to learn from management and innovate while learning. (3) It is conducive to giving full play to comparative advantages and exploring international markets. 1.2 Crisis in the trend of economic globalization Opportunities and challenges coexist. There are opportunities and challenges in the trend of economic globalization. The crises existing in the trend of economic globalization are mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) With the deepening of economic globalization, international economic turmoil will become the norm. The turmoil and ripple effect of the international economy will make any individual country and international organization vulnerable in the confrontation with market forces. International economic security and the economic security of developing countries will be seriously threatened. (2) Economic globalization may lead to further intensification of polarization. Globalization is not a unified world, but is full of fierce contradictions and struggles between strong and strong, and strong and weak. The 20th century was a world of unprecedented prosperity for the world economy, and it was also a century with the greatest disparity between rich and poor in mankind. The 1990s was the period when economic globalization progressed the fastest, and it was also a period when the gap between North and South countries continued to widen. According to statistics from the World Bank, low-income countries, which account for more than half of the world's population, only account for 6% of the world's total income. Moreover, many developing countries are still in "information poverty" and may be deprived of opportunities to participate in scientific and technological progress and achieve economic growth, and the polarization will further intensify. (3) A strong economy can easily lead to economic hegemony and cultural hegemony. Currently, developed countries not only control existing international institutions, including the World Trade Organization, but are also the main makers of international rules for economic globalization. This situation is very unfavorable to the majority of developing countries. Some major economically developed countries frequently threaten economic sanctions, causing great economic difficulties to developing countries that do not obey their orders, and even putting the industries of some countries into dire straits. In the international competition of economic globalization, the high-tech industry occupies an important position, but developing countries cannot participate in the competition on an equal footing due to the objectively existing gap in scientific and technological levels. Developing countries are also facing the danger of their talents being recruited by multinational companies. Not only that, developed countries also use this to export their values ??in order to fundamentally establish long-term competitive advantages, promote their so-called cultural globalization, and establish cultural hegemony.

2. The impact of economic globalization on different types of countries. Due to the huge differences in natural resources, productivity and scientific and technological levels, political and economic systems and national cultures among countries around the world, as well as the effects of the uneven laws of capitalist economic and political development, the economy Globalization will have different impacts on different types of countries. 2.1 The impact of the trend of economic globalization on developed countries Western developed countries are the leaders of economic globalization and can take advantage of economic globalization and obtain the most benefits in the process of economic globalization. Developed countries have mastered the world's most advanced productivity and high-tech science and technology, and are in a dominant position in the global division of labor system. Developed countries have mastered the foundation of information technology on which economic globalization depends, and the world's investment in research and development, scientific and technological strength, and scientific and technological achievements are mainly concentrated in developed countries. Developed countries are taking advantage of their abundant capital, technology, information and talent advantages to focus on developing high-tech and information-rich high-tech industries, while transferring traditional industries and generally mature technology industries to developing countries. Transnational corporations in developed countries are an important promoter of economic globalization and the main carrier for realizing the flow of global production factors and the optimal allocation of resources. At present, the world's largest multinational corporations still dominate the global economy. Among the world's 100 largest multinational corporations, only five are from developing countries. Developed countries have further developed their highly developed and highly intensive economies through global alliances, mergers and expansions of transnational corporations, and their product competitiveness has always been at the forefront of the world. 2.2 The trend of economic globalization... >>

Question 5: How to view the relationship between economic globalization and China Economic globalization is the profound background and fundamental trend of the development and change of the world today. Correctly understanding and properly responding to globalization will not only help my country promote scientific development, harmonious development and peaceful development, but also help promote the transformation of the international system, the construction of a harmonious world and the progress of human civilization. 1

At present, economic globalization has gone far beyond the economic field and is having an increasingly extensive impact on international politics, security, society, culture and other fields. The main positive effects of globalization are:

(1) Promoting innovation in development models. Globalization promotes the global optimal allocation of factors of production, resources, personnel, trade, investment and finance, reducing costs and improving efficiency. Multinational companies have developed to the stage of global companies with R&D, production and sales chains around the world. Experience shows that an increase in a country’s economic openness is directly proportional to its per capita GDP growth. No matter how a country's development model adjusts and changes, it is impossible to explore an advanced development model without taking global factors into consideration and taking advantage of globalization opportunities.

(2) Promote the integration of international interests. The integration of interests is manifested in both the economic field and other fields; it is manifested in both bilateral and multilateral fields. Economic interdependence among countries is gradually deepening, and a situation of mutual prosperity and mutual loss has begun to take shape. The global economic chain is getting tighter and tighter, and a country's economic development is increasingly dependent on global economic development. In addition to national interests, there are also significant increases in regional and global interests. The integration of interests is conducive to the improvement of state relations, with increased coordination and cooperation between states, and the continuous emergence of different "volunteer alliances" formed out of different interests. Seeking hegemony, engaging in confrontation, adhering to group politics and Cold War mentality are increasingly unpopular.

(3) Promote the expansion of safety connotations. Security has expanded from traditional security fields to non-traditional security fields. Non-traditional security issues such as terrorism, economic security, environmental degradation, climate warming, the spread of epidemics, waves of immigrants and transnational crimes threaten to increase, affecting a wide range of areas such as the economy, people's livelihood, society and nature. Non-traditional security is mainly caused by unscientific human development and the incoordination between development, society and nature. Its essence is a development problem. Non-traditional security issues blur the boundaries between security and development, increase the urgency of international security cooperation, challenge the dominance of traditional security, and ease military confrontation between countries. For example, terrorism and climate change cannot be solved by any single country. The United States has to rely on the international community in many ways to fight against terrorism. Another example is that the United States and Russia have sharp conflicts on missile defense issues, but overall cooperation in non-traditional security fields is smooth.

(4) Promote the transfer of national funds. Globalization has promoted the development of international organizations. From 1990 to 1998 alone, the number of international organizations increased from 26,656 to 48,350, including more than 250 international organizations. *** International organizations have become the makers and supervisors of global rules, managers of global issues and resolvers of global disputes. In its "Understanding on Rules and Procedures for the Settlement of Disputes," the WTO comprehensively stipulates the WTO's political methods, legal methods, ruling enforcement and supervision, and relief measures for resolving trade disputes, and has established a dedicated Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). Indeed, the state is still the main actor in the international community, and national sovereignty is still the supreme right of the country. However, in the context of globalization, it is an indisputable fact that national sovereignty is increasingly seeking to influence the world. International organization transfer.

For example, political, diplomatic and military rights are transferred to the United Nations and regional organizations, economic rights are transferred to the WTO, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and global companies, and social rights are transferred to a variety of other non-*** international organizations. Globalization also promotes a country's domestic rules to be coordinated and consistent with international rules as much as possible.

(5) Promote the transformation of the international system. The main characteristics of the current international system are: it is dominated by the West, especially the United States, countries are equal in name but unequal in fact, the role of international organizations is limited, and hegemonism and "problem countries" cannot be effectively restrained. The current international system is increasingly unable to cope with the increasing number of global problems, and its adjustment, improvement and transformation are inevitable trends. A new international system is likely to be basically formed in the next few decades, with its main features: first, a multipolar world structure. Due to the revitalization of emerging powers and developing countries, the balance of international power is changing in favor of more powerful countries and against "one super", in favor of developing countries and against developed countries. "One super" and multiple powers, South and North It is hoped that the two imbalances in power balance will eventually be resolved. According to predictions from international authoritative organizations, the world's top two economic powers will be reshuffled in 2020. China...>>

Question 6: How to view the pros and cons of economic globalization for China . ? Economic globalization is a double-edged sword, which has both advantages and disadvantages for China’s economy. The specific manifestations are as follows:

1. Advantages

The flow of goods, services, capital and other factors Technical and policy obstacles have been significantly reduced, accelerating the trend of world trade liberalization.

It encourages countries to participate in the international division of labor and promotes the transfer of production factors and the allocation of resources worldwide.

Promoted the adjustment of the world economic structure.

It has promoted global competition and promoted corporate mergers and reorganizations and other adjustments.

2. Disadvantages

The economic dependence of various countries has increased significantly. Once an economic crisis occurs, its transmission will be rapid. The economic independence of various countries is becoming increasingly severe.

Competition creates efficiency, and at the same time, wealth is increasingly concentrated in a few countries or groups.

Question 7: How to treat the in-depth development of the trend of economic globalization. The globalization of the world economy is the requirement and result of the development of world productivity. It is a historical trend that is independent of human will. It is prominently reflected in the development of international trade, international investment, international finance and multinational corporations. In today's world economic development trend, how our country, as a developing country, should face opportunities and challenges has become a topic of common concern to people with regard to economic development in the new era. From the historical facts that China has joined APEC and the World Trade Organization and strengthened its ties with ASEAN, our attitude is: on the premise of adhering to independence and self-reliance, we have a "win-win" thinking and an open mind to strengthen international cooperation. Cooperate and exchange, participate in international competition, seize opportunities, accept challenges, improve our country's economic development level in international competition and cooperation, and follow the trend of world development. In a nutshell, it is to look at the economic phenomenon of world economic development trends dialectically and establish a correct outlook on development.

The concept of globalization

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) pointed out in a report published in May 1997 that “economic globalization refers to the cross-border trade in goods and services and The increase in the scale and form of capital flows and the widespread and rapid diffusion of technology have increased the interdependence of the world's economies." The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) believes that “economic globalization can be seen as a process in which the economy, market, technology and communication forms are increasingly characterized by global characteristics, and national and local characteristics are intertwined. reduce". To this end, economic globalization can be understood from three aspects: first, the strengthening of economic ties and increasing interdependence among countries around the world; second, the continuous convergence of domestic economic rules in various countries; third, the strengthening of international economic coordination mechanisms, that is, various multilateral Or regional organizations are playing an increasingly important role in coordinating and constraining the world economy. Generally speaking, economic globalization refers to a market economy based on advanced technology and productivity as a means, with developed countries as the leader, with the goal of maximum profits and economic benefits, through division of labor, trade, investment, transnational corporations and factors. Flow, etc., to achieve the process of division of labor, collaboration and mutual integration in the markets of various countries.

Current Development Trends of Economic Globalization

Historically, there have been four waves of economic globalization in the world in the past 2000 years. This wave of economic globalization has new characteristics. First, the global allocation of production factors continues to develop at an unprecedented speed and scale. Especially in recent years, world commodity exports have accounted for more than 20% of global GDP, and international direct investment has accounted for 21% of global GDP. In 1913, these two figures were 8% and 5% respectively. As emerging market economies such as China, India, former Soviet countries and Eastern European countries gradually integrate into the global economic system, the scale of economic globalization is expanding unprecedentedly; second, the division of labor and capital flows between developed economies and emerging economies The pattern of "center" and "periphery" has been broken through. In the past, developed countries exported manufactured goods in exchange for bulk primary products. Now emerging market economies have the ability to produce and export manufactured goods, including high-tech products.

More importantly, there have been major changes in international capital flows. The United Kingdom, the world's largest economy in the nineteenth century, had a current account surplus and exported capital, while the United States, the world's largest economy today, has a huge current account deficit and imported capital from emerging economies; Third, the international capital market is more mature. At present, the total amount of global capital flows is expanding, and the forms of capital flows are also increasing. In the past, international securities investment was mainly concentrated in a few areas such as infrastructure construction financing and the purchase of government bonds; but now investors own bonds, stocks and other derivative financial products involving many sectors; fourth, the global expansion of multinational companies The layout of the enterprise's production process has reached a new level. The advancement and application of high and new technologies not only enable companies in developed countries to move their manufacturing production processes overseas, but also outsource some business processes in the service industry to developing countries to reduce operating costs. Service outsourcing expands the scope of exchangeable services, thereby promoting the development of service trade.

The wave of economic globalization will not reverse, mainly due to three major factors: scientific and technological progress, the implementation of open policies by the Communist Party of China, and the integration of emerging market economies into the world economic system. A direct result of scientific and technological progress is a significant reduction in transportation and communication costs. Improvements in shipping and water transport technology and the widespread application of communications, computers, and network technologies have not only further reduced transportation and communication costs, but also improved the management of the global supply chain and accelerated the global flow of production factors such as goods, capital, technology, and personnel. ; The direct result of more and more countries implementing open policies is the increasing degree of global economic liberalization.

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