Historical evolution of Tianjin city

Tianjin, located at the tail of Lishui, is known as the famous port in northern Hunan and the gateway to Jiuli. In the ninth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (15 14), "Tianjin City" began to see scriptures, meaning "set up a city next to Tianjin". Soon after, Tianjin became one of the seven towns in Lizhou.

During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the dredging lake crossed the river, and the south of Jingjiang River was submerged and discharged into Liuzhongkou (now Xiaodukou) on the east side of the city. The water from the west to the north supports the Japanese drama, and the sediment is also very heavy. The three cities in the city have gradually expanded, and Hudu River has become a quick passage from Tianjin to Shashi and Yichang in Hubei. At this point, the ships on the east, west, north and south roads were unblocked, forming a water transport hub in northern Hunan, and the number of inbound business trips and immigrants increased. In the thirty-seventh year of Wanli (1609), Yuan Zhongdao, a writer, wrote "Li's Travels", saying that Tianjin was "crowded with thousands of households", with 250 commercial shops such as cloth, southern goods, mountain products native products and catering services. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, land annexation became more and more serious, and farmers who were forced to leave their homes because of the unbearable suffering of tax corvee fled to Tianjin, bringing all kinds of technologies and skills, which made their production level improve day by day.

For more than 300 years, from the middle of the 5th century A.D./KLOC-0 to the end of the 8th century A.D./KLOC-0, there was no official management in urban areas or villages, towns or villages, and they were always in an autonomous state, forming a relatively relaxed social environment. Due to the convenience of water transportation, it is easy to collect and distribute. Therefore, whenever there is social unrest such as war, asylum seekers flock here. In the eleventh year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty. By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the urban area was becoming more and more prosperous. "Ants gather, merchants gather, even pavilions are thousands of miles away, and there are thousands of people cooking smoke", which has become a "business circle for businessmen". By the end of the Qing Dynasty, aquatic products from southwestern Hubei, mountain products and Binhu in western Hunan frequently circulated here, which led to the city's inclined development to the circulation field, and Tianjin became the center of the Jiuli River basin at the junction of Hunan and Hubei. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), the permanent population 1500, the temporary population 14 10, and 723 stores of all kinds.

In the early years of the Republic of China, Tianjin, with a population of more than 20,000, was a "land where nine provinces lived together" and constituted a unique world. In the meantime, the chamber of commerce came out of the mountain, and its leading figures were mostly wealthy families in the business world, joining hands with prominent figures in the political and military circles. They are not only organizations that safeguard the interests of the business community, but also important forces that influence the situation in Tianjin. At this time, Tianjin's business community not only takes the lead in the border areas of Hunan, Hubei and Jiuli, but also enjoys a high reputation in the whole province and occupies a pivotal position. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), Hunan Experiment magazine reported that there were dozens of cotton merchants in Tianjin at that time, and they distributed 250,000 tons of cotton, with a turnover of 30 million yuan (legal tender), accounting for 55.7% of the total sales of 430,000 tons in the province. The price of cotton and cotton yarn in Changsha, the provincial capital, is decided by the "Tianjin Gang" businessmen. Tianjin is also one of the largest tung oil markets in Hunan Province, with an annual output of 550,000 tons, and Tianjin distributes 654.38+10,000 tons to130,000 tons every year.

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Wuhan and Shashi successively fell, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake waters were mined to defend against the enemy. At that time, Tianjin was still in a corner, so it became a resting place for immigrants in enemy-occupied areas, with a population of more than 65,438+10,000. The streets and lanes are crowded, and the countryside is everywhere. People from all walks of life put up vertical flags and set up shops and workshops. Business is far more prosperous than Yiyang City and Shashi City in Hubei Province. According to the statistics of 3 1 year (1942), there are 36 pharmacies, more than 300 teahouses, 76 hotels and restaurants, 53 restaurants, 25 deli shops, 5 theaters, more than 65,438 vendors and more than 3,300 merchants in the harbor, which was in the 24th year of the Republic of China (6544) after Japan surrendered. In 35 years of the Republic of China (1946), the tax amount increased by 14 times compared with the previous year. At the same time, the Kuomintang troops stationed in Tianjin robbed openly and secretly, and the unbearable businessmen moved to different places with their wives and children. The business was light and the market was depressed. The once abnormal and prosperous market, such as passing clouds, is gradually drifting away. By 36 years of the Republic of China (1947), there were only more than 500 businessmen, compared with 1/7 in wartime.

1July 23, 949, Tianjin was peacefully liberated. On August 3rd, the southward working group arrived in Tianjin, and the Tianjin Municipal Party Committee and Tianjin Municipal People's Government were established.

1949165438+1On October 26th, according to the regulations of the Central Government Council that no city with a population of less than 50,000 shall be established, Changde Administrative Office decided to change Tianjin into a county-level city. 65438+65438 0950+65438 07 10 +07, the Provisional People's Government of Hunan Province decided that Tianjin was directly managed by the People's Government of Lixian County. After a lapse of seven months, that is, on July 12 of the same year, the Central South Military and Political Commission changed Tianjin into a prefecture-level city, led by Changde Administrative Office; On September 1952 and 10, Changde institution revoked Tianjin and merged into the jurisdiction of Lixian county. Lixian County People's Government established a county-level district government in Tianjin, and later changed Tianjin Municipal People's Government to Tianjin Town People's Government. One year later, on September 2nd, 1953, the Hunan Provincial People's Government sent a telegram to the Central Committee, saying, "Jin Shizhen is a commercial center in the Lishui River Basin. In order to facilitate the economic development of the region, it was approved as a provincial city and authorized the leadership of the Changde Regional Administrative Office. " In view of this, Jin and Li split, and Jin Shizhen in Lixian County was renamed Jinshicheng, becoming one of the nine provincial cities in Hunan Province. It is the first time in the history of Tianjin to implement the system of "provincial administration and trusteeship".

On July 1958 and 18, Changde Municipal Committee issued the Notice on the Merger of Lixian County and Tianjin City, stipulating that the organs of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal People's Committee will remain unchanged and be financially independent. 10 changed to "Full Merge" on June 7th. Finance and planning are managed by the county, and all institutions are subordinate to the municipal government. At the same time, it is under the dual leadership of the municipal party Committee, the Municipal People's Committee and the same institution at the county level. 1961On July 24th, Tianjin was placed under the leadership of Changde District Administration Office, and Tianjin became a county-level city for the fourth time. Less than two years later, on May 29th, 1963, the Provincial People's Committee forwarded the the State Council document, revoked Tianjin, and assigned the administrative area of Tianjin to Lixian County. From July of 1 year, Tianjin was changed to Tianjin Town, but the management of cadres, relevant meetings and work arrangements were still handled at the county level; 1979 12.29, approved by Guo Fa No.290, the State Council agreed to restore Tianjin and classify Changde as a prefecture-level city; 1985, Tianjin suburb expansion; 1February, 1988, with the approval of the State Council, it became a provincial city (county level) again, with separate plans and managed by Changde city.