In recent years, the ecological environment of Helan Mountain and its surrounding areas has improved significantly. What measures may be taken locally?

The division area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is 1 183000, and the boundary between Yinshan Mountain and Helan Mountain in Xing 'an Mountains is obvious. There are 680,000 mu of grassland, 654.38+0.87 million mu of forest and 60,000 mu of forest in Badain Jilin, Kubuqi, Mu Us, Hunshandake, Wuzhumuqin and Ba. The five river basins of Haihe River (including Luanhe River), Liaohe River (including Linghe River), Songhua River (Nenjiang River, Ergon) and inland river have caused serious soil desertification due to the harsh climatic conditions and rational utilization.

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is long and narrow, spanning the northeast and northwest of North China from east to west, forming a barrier to North China. Party and government leaders at all levels in the autonomous region cover a wide range, and it is of far-reaching significance to protect and build a good home. It is a great responsibility for the Party to care for and support the people of all ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia to carry forward the spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle and adhere to the construction of a relaxed environment. Up to now, 300 watersheds have been managed by sections, covering an area of about 52,000 square meters (78 million mu),180,000 mu, and a total of 53,000 square meters (80 million mu) of aerial seeding afforestation and closing hillsides for afforestation have been completed. Comprehensive desertification control area 1.7 million square meters (25 million mu). The forest coverage rate increased from 7% in the early days of liberation to 14. 19%, and the degree of farmland forest network reached 60. 1%. Protect and build grassland of 88,000 square meters (6.5438+0.30 million mu), greatly improve grassland productivity and support the development of animal husbandry; The cumulative area of soil and water conservation projects, forest industry construction and grassland construction is about 2 1 10,000. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has invested 6 billion yuan in environmental construction, and its family investment is about11000000 yuan. The financial resources and special funds at all levels in the autonomous region are about 654.38+03 billion yuan, and the people have invested 3.6 billion yuan in labor, with an average investment of about 30,000 yuan for each environmental construction.

On the whole, the ecological environment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is still deteriorating: the desertification area is still expanding, and the types of degraded products are decreasing, which leads to the deterioration of the ecological environment. The main factors are: mountain, slope, sand, wind, drought, frequent rainfall and other factors, blind reclamation, overgrazing, insufficient investment, low construction standards, weak infrastructure and protection. At present, the desertification soil in Inner Mongolia still needs to be treated, accounting for about 60% of the total land area in the whole region, and other treated desertification soils need to be consolidated and improved. Support for the improvement of some desertified soils is mainly distributed in the Yellow River tourist area and the vast grassland areas of the Loess Plateau, the three northern sand areas of Alashan, the northern part of Yinshan Mountain and Horqin Sandy Land. There are 2 million poverty-stricken counties in 50 poverty-stricken counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Weak foundation, frequent droughts and floods, and low output of agricultural and livestock products. The slow development of economy and society is compatible with the reduction of urban green water level and gas pollution and the improvement of people's sustainable economic development level.

Second, the protection and construction planning and long-term vision

() guiding ideology

Guided by the spirit of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the goal of achieving sustainable development, the planning basis, physical measures and management means of key areas of the engineering measures department insist on paying equal attention to protection and construction, and pay attention to development-oriented governance, intensive management and benefit-oriented growth. All walks of life give full play to positive factors, focus on the implementation of agriculture and animal husbandry projects, give consideration to urban environmental protection and the construction of self-protection zones, and so on. Their projects have generally curbed the trend of regional environmental deterioration in our region, established a benign system suitable for the sustainable development of people's economy, and created a good environment for the economic and social development of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

(2) the principle of protection and construction

-overall planning, rational layout, highlighting key points and giving consideration to both;

-integration, comprehensive management, relying on science and technology and improving quality;

-Workers are responsible, coordinate, strengthen management and pay attention to efficiency;

-Combination of protection and construction, development and governance, and family and collective; Combining investment with labor, combining engineering measures with farming measures, and combining national benefits with economic benefits and social benefits.

(3) Protect the construction objectives

Recently: 1998~20 10, use 13 to implement the strategy of returning farmland to forest and grazing, plant trees and grass, build soil and water conservation projects, build stable and high-yield basic farmland, consolidate and improve the established desertification land control projects, strengthen the urban infrastructure construction in the self-protection zone, and expand the urban green area in the self-protection zone; Resolutely control urban polluted soil desertification caused by biological elements; Environmental pollution in Hohhot and Baotou has been basically controlled; Basically curb the environmental deterioration of the Yellow River tourist area and key control areas such as the Loess Plateau, northern Yinshan Mountain and Horqin Sandy Land. 20 10, the urban green coverage rate increased by 35%, the area of self-protected area expanded by 50,000 square meters (reaching 90,000 square meters), and the area of newly-increased sand control soil was 455 million mu (35 million mu each time), which improved the desertification control rate in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 23% to 49%, and also brought the benefits of sand control soil into play and established key points.

Short-term construction objectives: The third stage (1998-2000) governance tasks: popularize the secondary utilization system of urban water sources, control pollution sources, expand the urban green area, increase the urban green coverage rate by 30%, and expand the self-protection area by 20,000 square meters; Afforestation is 24 million mu, grassland construction is 63 million mu, soil and water conservation project control area is180,000 mu, and desertification control soil is added105,000 mu, which will increase the desertification control rate in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from the current 23% to 29%. The second phase (200 1-2005) of the completed project of consolidating and perfecting the supporting department is the same as the control task: promoting the cleanliness of the secondary utilization system of urban water resources. Afforestation is 40 million mu, grassland construction/kloc-0.05 million mu, soil and water conservation project control area is 30 million mu, and desertification control soil is added/kloc-0.75 million mu, which will increase the desertification control rate in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 29% to 39%. Continue to consolidate, improve and improve the controlled projects. The third stage (2006-2065,438+00) control task: complete the near future in an all-round way.

Period: 20 1 1~2030, another 20 key urban governance areas will be added, and the urban greening coverage rate will reach 40%. The self-protected area accounts for 10% of the total soil area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the desertification control rate will reach 70%, and the forest coverage rate will increase by 27%.

Long-term: Century leaves have completely changed the environment in Inner Mongolia and initially established a benign system to adapt to the sustainable development of people's economy. The basic function of desertified soil is to improve and stabilize the forest coverage rate of about 30%, realize the networking of farmland and pasture, and garden the sloping fields and terraces.

(4) Key points of protection and construction

1. Yellow River Tourism and Soil Erosion and Sand-blown Area Control Project in Loess Plateau

The planned management area covers 29 counties of Yikezhao League, Bayannaoer League, Huhaote City, Baoshi City, Wuhai City, Wulanchabu League and Alashan League, with a total soil area of 270,000 square meters (including soil erosion area of about 1.4 million square meters, accounting for 52%). The main goal of protective construction is to reduce the amount of sediment imported into the Yellow River and reduce the harm of soil erosion in the Yellow River. The main measures of watershed management are the combination of physical measures and engineering measures, planting trees and grass. Build dams, such as valley workshops, water cellars, ponds, etc., increase surface planting, and enhance the functions of water interception, water storage and soil conservation. Focus on the management of Huangfuchuan, Dinghe, Kuyehe, Xiliugou, Shiha, Heihe, Hunhe and Kundulun reservoirs. It is planned to build 20 10 hectares of new terraces, 200 million acres of new valley workshops and dams. The control area is 26 million mu, and 70 million mu of desertification control soil is added. Every time the amount of sediment flowing into the Yellow River is reduced by about 654.38+ 1 100 million tons, 654.38+0.998 ~ 2,000 mu of trees and grass will be planted in new river basin control projects, and 654.38+0.4 million mu of forest and grass will be sown by air. The control area is 6 million mu, and 6.5438+0.7 million mu of sand control soil is newly added.

2. Three North Sandstorm Comprehensive Control Area-Alashan Sandstorm Control Project

Alashan League is located at the western end of our region, adjacent to Ningxia Autonomous Region of Gansu Province and Mongolia, with a total area of 1 10,000 square kilometers (its desert and desert Gobi area is175,000 square kilometers, accounting for 65% of the total soil area). The famous Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert and Wulanbu Desert belong to the northern temperate continental abdomen desert area with little precipitation (the minimum precipitation is only 40 mm). Especially in recent 40 years, due to the sharp increase of water consumption in Heihe River, the water consumption has decreased, the low water level of the lake has been seriously degraded, the desertification of degraded soil has intensified, and sandstorms have raged. 1993- 1996, four consecutive sandstorms seriously affected social and economic development, and about 20,000 herders lost their basic living conditions and needed to move.

The main goal of regional state protection and construction is to solve the problems of water source recovery, planting wind and sand fixation: comprehensively apply physical measures and engineering measures, actively explore the water source of water conservancy projects, strive for the Heihe River water conservancy project, focus on the construction of Juyanhai Oasis Project and Shuangjingtan Oasis Project, and solve the deteriorating problem of herdsmen's survival in the state. It is planned to drill 26 deep wells on 20 10, build 5 supporting grasses and plant 4,000 aerial seeding grasses. Closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and planting grass is 20 million mu, and the area of forest and grassland is increased by150,000 mu. The surrounding environment of Juyanhai has been initially improved, enabling 60% of herders in areas with harsh environment to be resettled in different places. In 2000, it is planned to drill 6 deep wells, build 5 supporting grass species, plant 920 trees by aerial seeding, close sand and plant 4.5 million mu of grass, and increase the forest and grassland area by 3.4 million mu.

3. Three-North Sandstorm Comprehensive Control Area-Wind Erosion and Desertification Area Control Project in Northern Yinshan Mountain

The planning area is located in the transition zone from Yinshan Mountain to Mongolian Plateau in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and it is a semi-arid fragile area in which agriculture and animal husbandry are interlaced, including Xilin Gol League, Wulanchabu League, Huhaote City, Baoshi City and Bayannaoer League, with a total land area of 63 million mu (70% of hillsides, 28% of plain beaches and rivers) and a total agricultural mouth 1.9 million.

The main objectives of national protection and construction in this area are: to conserve water and soil, increase planting fallow, restore the state of basic farmland construction, plant trees and grass, build soil and water conservation projects with great potential, and completely return farmland to forests and grasslands on sloping farmland; Within the allowable slope range, horizontal terraces should be built for reclamation, and dams should be built to maintain water and soil; Wind-proof and sand-fixing forests, farmland and pasture protection forests and village road protection forests will be built in hilly areas, mainly for dry basic farmland and pasture. In the mountainous area of Wulanchabu League, it is planned to plant 26 million mu of grass, build 39 million mu of basic farmland for dry farming, and build 5 million mu of basic farmland for dry farming, with a controlled area of130,000 mu. 62 million mu of soil was added to prevent and control desertification, which initially controlled the deterioration of the regional environment. Afforestation and grass planting 1.998-2000 mu, construction of basic farmland in dry areas1.5000 mu, and construction of watershed control project1.2000 mu, with a control area of 30,000 pieces and an additional 3 million mu of soil to prevent and control desertification/kl.

4. Three North Sandstorm Comprehensive Control Area-Horqin Sand Control Project

The planned governance area includes Xing 'an League, Zhemu League and Chifeng City, with a total land area of 654.38 million, a total population of 6.085 million and an agricultural population of 4.705 million.

Short-term control goal of this area: to restore the construction mode of surface planting to control soil desertification: planting trees and grass, planting grass by aerial seeding, fencing grassland, building shrub grassland, forage base and other hilly areas. The economic circle of Tanchuanlou in the main plains of Xiliaohe River, Xinhe River, Jiaohe River and Xilamulun River is mainly concentrated in the alluvial plain belt network, and the green barrier planning of combining arbor, shrub and grass is 20 10.

5. Grassland regional environmental control project

Grassland in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is widely distributed, covering an area of 800,000 square kilometers. The four grasslands account for 67% of the total land area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ranking first in the country. At present, grassland degradation, desertification and salinization have reached 466.5 million mu, accounting for 46% of grassland utilization. The scope of grassland regional environmental control project includes the main direction of 33 pastoral counties in Inner Mongolia: restoring grassland grass and establishing three-north green grass belt barrier-building working grass, flying grass and five supporting grasses. The key points of Cullen circle construction are as follows: Horqin Hunshandake sandy land, Tengger Mu Us desert edge and Kubuqi Wulanbu desert edge with 654.38+00 million mu of flying sowing pastoral areas; Hulunbeier, Xilingol, Wulanchabu typical grassland areas to improve 30 million mu of aerial grazing area; The saline-alkali grassland workers in Yikezhao League, Bayannaoer League and Wulanchabu League planted 28 million mu of salt-tolerant pasture; Planting grass in hilly areas to build scrub grassland of 6,543,800 mu; 59 million mu of soil will be added to prevent and control desertification, a forecasting system for prevention and control of rodents and pests in grassland will be established, and a grass seed base will be built.