He Laoshi immigrated.

The story of eating melons and keeping seeds

Zhuge Liang can not only grow crops well, but also grow watermelons with one hand. There used to be a rule in Xiangyang that when you entered the watermelon garden, you can eat enough melons, but you can't take them away. Legend has it that this "rule" was also asked by Ge Liang to stay.

The watermelon planted by Zhuge Liang is big, sweet and sour. Anyone who comes to Longzhong as a guest and passes by must go to Guayuan to have a full meal. The old farmers around him came to learn from him the experience of growing melons. He told them unreservedly that melons should be planted in sand and covered with sesame cakes or sesame oil. Many people came to him for melon seeds, because they didn't pay attention to keeping them before, so many people had to go home disappointed. The next year, the watermelon garden opened again. He put a sign in the ground that said, "Eat the melon well and leave the melon seeds."

Zhuge Liang washed and dried melon seeds and distributed them to nearby melon farmers. At present, watermelons in Hu Jiajia, Changfeng and Xiaofanzhou on the sandy land on both sides of Hanshui River are still very famous, with big head, thin skin and sweet taste. Some places still abide by the old rule of "eat melons and keep seeds".

Clever calculation of the story of saving future generations

Whether this matter is true or not cannot be verified. Judging from the record, it is still possible.

Legend has it that Zhuge Liang said to his descendants before he died: "After I die, one of you will be killed in the future. At that time, you had demolished the house, and there was a paper bag in the wall. There are remedial measures. "

After Zhuge Liang died, Sima Qian became emperor. He learned that there was a general in the imperial court who was a descendant of Zhuge Liang, so he wanted to ask him to treat the disease. One day, Sima 0 made an excuse and sentenced the general to death. In the golden palace, Sima asked, "What did your grandfather say before he died?" The general told Zhuge Liang in detail. Hearing this, Sima 0 ordered the soldiers to tear down the house and take out the paper bag. I saw a letter in a paper bag, which said "Open in case of emperor". The soldiers handed the letter to 0, 0 and opened it, only to find that it said, "Take three steps back after the visit." 0 immediately stand up and take three steps back. As soon as he stood firm, he heard a "click" and a piece of jade fell from the roof directly above the dragon case. Smash the tables and chairs into pieces. 0 scared out in a cold sweat. On the other hand, looking at the back of the letter, it says, "I saved your life, please let my descendants live." After reading this letter, I secretly admire Zhuge Liang's ingenuity. Later, he was reinstated as a general.

The story of gossip clothes

In the drama and pictures, Zhuge Liang dressed in gossip clothes, strategized and won thousands of miles. According to folklore, Zhuge Liang's gossip clothes were given to him by his studious wife.

Zhuge Liang studied under Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror, when he was a teenager. Zhuge Liang studied hard and used his head diligently. Not only Sima Caode appreciates him, but also Sima's wife values him very much. They all like this studious and brainy boy. At that time, there were no clocks, and time was recorded by sundials. There is no sun on rainy days. Time is not easy to grasp. In order to record time, Si Mahui trained cock to crow on time by feeding regularly. Zhuge Liang is gifted and intelligent. Mr. Sima knows what he says as he pleases, and can't help but understand his thirst for knowledge. In order to learn more, he wanted Mr. Wang to extend the lecture time, but Mr. Wang always relied on the cock crow, so Zhuge Liang thought: If the cock crow time is extended, Mr. Wang's lecture time will be extended. So he brought some food in his pocket when he went to school. It is estimated that when the chicken is about to crow, he will feed it some food, and the chicken will not crow when it is full.

After a while, Mr. Sima wanted to know why the chicken didn't crow on time. Careful observation shows that Zhuge Liang fed the chickens when they crowed. When teacher Sima was in class, he asked the students why chickens didn't crow on time. Other students are at a loss. Zhuge Liang knew it in his heart, but he was an honest man, so he truthfully reported to Teacher Sima about feeding chickens when they crowed, so as to prolong the teacher's teaching time. Teacher Sima was so angry that he burned the book on the spot and wouldn't let him continue his study. Zhuge Liang is eager to learn, but he can't learn, and he can't force it, so he goes to ask Mrs. Sima. Sima Fu deeply sympathized with the punishment of letting Ge Liang feed the chickens to study, so he pleaded with Mr. Sima. Teacher Sima said: "At an early age, I didn't work hard on my homework, but I let my thoughts deceive the teacher." This is a bad intention, and this person can't be big. "Mrs. Sima interceded for Zhuge Liang many times, saying that although he was a little careful at an early age, he always wanted to learn more and had no other plans. Hearing this, Mr. Sima felt reasonable and agreed that Zhuge Liang would continue his studies.

Mr. Sima burned Zhuge Liang's book in a rage, and after his wife persuaded him, he agreed to continue studying. But how can I read without books? The lady said to Mr. Sima, "You have the back shell of a thousand-year-old tortoise. Legend can make people know the past in a thousand years and the future in 500 years. You might as well let Zhuge Liang try. If it's useful, why do you want a book? " Mr. Sima thought that he had burned the book, so he had to do as his wife said.

Zhuge Liang put the turtle shell given by his wife on his body, which became the costume of his life-gossip suit. What I learned in the past is vivid in my mind, and I can understand it without telling the truth.

The story of goose feather fan

Zhuge Liang's goose feather fan represents wisdom and talent, so in Zhuge Liang's operas, Kong Ming always holds a goose feather fan in his hand.

There is a folk story about goose feather fan. Huang's baby daughter is not ugly, but she is a very smart, beautiful and talented girl. Huang was afraid of turning a blind eye to Jingshan jade for young people, so he called his daughter "Ah Chou". Archie Huang Ou Yue Ying is not only fluent in writing, but also superb in martial arts. She once studied under a famous teacher. When Yicheng went down the mountain, the master gave her a goose feather fan and wrote the words "bright" and "bright". There are also many tricks in the world to attack the city and rule the country. And tell her that the one with the word bright in his name is the only thrill. Later, Huang's son-in-law was Zhuge Liang, the later prime minister of Shu. Before he left Longzhong, he knew that there were "Ming" and "Liang" in the world. When they got married, Huang Yueying gave Zhuge Aliang a goose feather fan as a gift. Kong Ming's love for goose feather fans is like the apple of his eye. In doing so, he not only expressed the sincere love between their husband and wife, but also skillfully used the infatuation strategy. So, no matter spring, summer, autumn and winter, I always put my hand on the fan.

During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhao, an observer of Xiangyang, wrote in Zhuge Shi Hua: "The fan shakes the tripod for three minutes, and there are eight dark clouds", which is enough to prove the role of Zhuge Liang's goose feather fan and the reason why he never leaves the fan. The story of Kong Ming's collision with his teacher.

Zhuge Liang studied with Mr. Shui Jing for three years. Mr. Wang stated that there would be an exam tomorrow. Many students recite things, but Zhuge Liang doesn't. The next day. Mr. Wang said that anyone who is allowed to leave Shuijing Village can start his career. Many students are stupid. Zhuge Liang is sleeping. The exam is almost over. Zhuge Liang grabbed Mr. Shuijing by the corner and said, You old bookworm made a mistake and asked us to pay back the tuition for three years. So Si Mahui kicked him out. He ran to the teacher with a stick. He knelt on the ground and said, "I had to have a conflict with my teacher just now for the exam, so I should say that my disciples are willing to accept severe punishment." After Mr. Shuijing helped him up, he said you can start. "

Zhuge Liang's story of respecting teachers

When he visited Mr. Huang Dang, his husband didn't accept him. One day, Zhuge Liang asked him something he didn't understand, and he happened to catch up with his husband to sleep. Zhuge Liang waited in the scorching sun. It suddenly occurred to him that he could easily catch cold without a quilt, so he went to cover him with a quilt and knelt down to take off his shoes. When he woke up, he accepted him.

The story of Zhuge Liang's adopted son

Zhuge Liang (18 1-234) was the prime minister of western Shu, and he was famous for his calculation. His plan for future generations has also been calculated for a long time. In a letter to his brother, he specifically talked about his son Zhuge Zhan: "Zhan is eight years old, smart and lovely, and I don't think he will be a good ear."

Zhuge Liang is worried that his cleverness will be exposed prematurely, and he will easily become complacent, instead of becoming a great tool. So he named Zhuge Zhan "Philip Burkart". In his letter to his nephew, he also wrote: "Aim high." All this shows that he hopes that future generations will have lofty ideals and ambitions.

How can we have lofty aspirations? Zhuge Liang pointed out two conditions in his letter to his son: quiet and frugality. He said: "A gentleman's trip is quiet and self-cultivation, frugal and self-cultivation, indifferent to ambition, peaceful and far-reaching. If you study quietly, you must study. If you don't study, you won't learn widely. If you have no ambition, you can't succeed. Slow can't be energetic, and risk can't be cured. "

He believes that if you want to be talented, you must study hard, and if you want to study, you must have ambition. You must be calm, and you can't concentrate on your studies without peace of mind. Life is too comfortable, easily distracted and unable to achieve great goals. Austerity is the main condition of moral cultivation.

In his letter to his nephew, he further pointed out: we should stick to our lofty aspirations, "be patient, get into small pieces, ask questions widely, and get rid of meanness." In other words, if you don't consider the temporary gains and losses, don't covet the enjoyment of life, don't make friends with teachers and friends, and don't care about personal grievances, if you do this, "staying for a long time" may not be successful for a while. "Why harm beauty? Why bother?" Learning is interesting and will certainly be useful. What I am afraid of is that "the will is not strong, the intention is not generous, and people are stuck in customs and silently tied to feelings." Influenced by the pursuit of secular material life and lust, losing strong self-confidence will "lie in the secular forever, inevitably in the vulgar!"

It can be seen that Zhuge Liang's vision is "extraordinary" in order to make future generations more productive and let future generations scrimp and save!

Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo seven times.

Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo in Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province. Zhuge Liang fought in the north, captured Meng Huo seven times and pacified the south.

Suddenly a man said to Meng Huo, "The Prime Minister is ashamed and doesn't want to see the public. I was ordered to let the public go back and recruit people to win the battle. You can go quickly today. " Meng Huo cried, "There is no such thing as seven captures and seven verticals. Although I am a foreigner, I know a lot of etiquette. Are you so shameless? " So he, his brother and his wife, who lived in the party, knelt under their tents and said, "Prime Minister Tianwei, southerners will never rebel again!" " Zhuge Liang said, "Do you accept it now?" He cried and thanked him and said, "A son, a son and a grandson all feel burdened with the grace of a generation. They are too content to accept it!" " Kong Ming invited Meng Huo to pay the bill and hold a banquet to celebrate, thus making him an eternal cave owner. All confiscated land will be returned. Meng Huozong and all the barbarians were impressed and jumped away happily. Later generations wrote a poem praising Kong Ming, saying, "Feather fan and black silk scarf hold a blue building, and seven tricks are used to make barbarian king. So far, Dong Xichuan Wade, in order to choose a temple on the plateau. "

Zhuge Liang Huarong ancient road

In 208 AD, after Cao Cao captured Jingzhou, he led more than 200,000 amphibious troops down the river. It is planned to eliminate Liu Bei and Sun Quan in one fell swoop and realize the grand aspiration of reunifying the whole country. However, he was carried away by victory, arrogant and despised the enemy. As a result, Sun Liu's allied troops set fire to Chibi and fled hastily, defeating Huarong Road.

What is Huarong Road? According to the annotation of Zi Tongzhi Jian, it is "from this way, Huarong can be reached". Huarong mentioned here, of course, refers to Huarong County. Huarong Road is also the route that Cao Jun fled to Huarong County after fleeing to Huarong County in Chibi War. GuHuarong County is near Zhoulaozui, about 60 miles north of Jianli County. If you draw a straight line from the Wulin where Cao Cao sent troops to Nanjun, the destination where Cao Cao fled, Huarong City is in the center of this straight line. In order to escape back to Jiangling, Cao chose Huarong County as the shortest route. Moreover, there was a grain warehouse in Cao Jun near Huarong County at that time, which was convenient for withdrawing troops to replenish grain.

Because of this ancient swamp lake barrier. There is no straight road from Wulin to Huarong City. Jun can only flee to the west along the river, enter Huarong County, and then turn northwest to Huarong County. In this way, it is necessary to wade through a swamp on the edge of osawa. According to county records, when Cao Cao fled to Taiping Bridge, his men got stuck in the mud and had to throw away the whip, dismount and walk. There is still an ancient place name "Caobian Port" here. Twenty miles from Qubian Port to Maojiakou, "the road is narrow, dangerous and bumpy", and Cao Jun is "blocked by mud", which means that soldiers cut reeds and wormwood to fill the road. "If you win, you will be trampled in the mud and many people will die."

Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, passed by the road for six years (1 170). He wrote: "Nature is uninhabited, and the two sides are eagerly looking forward to it, which is called a hundred miles shortage." The boatman said, "Since then, the evil river has been blocked and tigers and wolves have appeared. I don't know what to do, I will be hurt by my husband. " 960 years after Cao Cao's defeat, Huarong Road is still so desolate, and the hardships and embarrassment of Cao Jun at that time can be imagined.

The real development of Huarong Road began in Yuan Dynasty. Today's Huarong Road can't see the desolation of the past at all, with trees on both sides of the road and fertile fields everywhere. When the rice is fragrant, the lotus blooms. In the evening, the smoke rises into the air, showing the scenery of a plain water town.

Zhuge Liang entrusted orphans to Baidicheng in Fengjie.

The Three Gorges Mushi Art Museum is located in Baidicheng, the first gorge of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, with a long history and beautiful scenery. Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, added infinite charm to this place. Wang Chaowen, a famous aesthete and honorary chairman of China Artists Association, wrote the name of the Three Gorges Mushi Art Museum. The Three Gorges Wood and Stone Art Museum shows nearly 100 gloomy three Gorges woodcarving stones that Mr. Wei Jingyu, honorary curator of fengjie county Baidicheng Museum in Chongqing, pursues the beauty of nature and drinks the source of nature. Wandering among them, you may realize the true meaning of nature and life.

Baidigao is a small town of Three Gorges! It's another poem by Du Fu, which tells that the shape of Baidicheng, located on the north side of Kuimen, is better than that of Sichuan and Hubei. Later, there was a famous sentence by a poet in the Qing Dynasty: "Bayu was made in the west, and Jingchu was above Dongyue", which also had a dignified bearing. As a military defense, Baidicheng has a vast territory and a long history. It was the first century A.D. (the end of the Western Han Dynasty). Gongsun Shu, according to Shu, claimed to be "Bai Di" and built a city here. After his death, he left a memorial temple on Mount Bai Di, which is the Bai Di Temple we are visiting now. Two hundred years after Gongsun Shu, another famous historical figure, Liu Bei, the emperor of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms, defeated Wu Bing, retreated to Baidicheng and died in Yong 'an Palace. Before he died, he entrusted state affairs (half of the country) and family affairs (only orphans are alive) to Prime Minister Zhuge Liang. This is China's famous "Liu Bei entrust an orphan".

The existing Bai Di Temple is built in the Qing Dynasty, such as Liang Mingtang, Wuhou Temple, Tuogu Hall and Xingsu Pavilion. , promoting historical celebrities related to "trusting orphans" in many ways. More than 70 precious stone carvings from Sui Dynasty to Qing Dynasty will be collected in the East and West Forest of Steles. Mo Bao, the leader of the Party and state and a famous contemporary painter and calligrapher, is displayed in the history of poetry. The cultural relics room, which is based on Daxi culture, shows the richness of unearthed cultural relics in this area in a general historical order. The West Pavilion halfway up the mountain is a place to commemorate Du Fu. Du Fu stayed in Fengjie for less than two years, but left more than 400 beautiful poems, accounting for two-seventh of Du Fu's poems. Looking out of the window, we saw the magnificent scene of "fallen leaves are like waterfalls, and I see the long river running", and suddenly we felt a high-spirited passion.

Zhuge Liang sleeps in the bar array

On the north bank of the Yangtze River, about six miles east of fengjie county, Sichuan Province, it is said that Zhuge Liang once built an eight-array map on the dam, commonly known as the "water eight-array map". On the array map, there are eight rows of stone bases, two feet apart, and there are sixty-four bases.

Zhuge Liang's Empty City Plan

It is too small to regard the empty city plan as a gamble between Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi.

Neither the arrangement in advance nor the changes afterwards have been considered too much. It is difficult to see the whole picture just by burning incense and playing the piano. From Chapter 95 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Ma Su refused to remonstrate and lost the street pavilion, and the marquis of Wu played the piano and retired", we can find out what facts speak louder than words, instead of guessing what is possible or how we should feel.

When Zhuge Liang learned that Jieting and Lieliucheng had fallen, he was preparing for the retreat of the Northern Expeditionary Army. So from the beginning, Guan Xing and Zhang Bao were arranged to lead 3,000 chosen men to Wugong Mountain. Yi Cheung was ready to return in advance, and then ordered Ma Dai and Jiang Wei to prepare an ambush behind the house. Finally, he immigrated to Tianshui, Nan 'an and Anding counties, and officials, soldiers and civilians all entered Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang personally led five thousand soldiers and horses to transport grain, and the arrangement of these grain shipments was the beginning of the planned sequence of sending troops.

Regrettably, there are always people who mistakenly think that Zhuge Liang is just going to fight against Sima Yi with an empty city, or that he is forced to fight unprepared. In fact, little is known about Zhuge Liang's prior distribution arrangements. Only when there is an ambush in advance can you dare to show doubt, which is very different from betting on luck without preparation in advance. Always speculating about Sima Yi's "protecting the enemy" or Zhuge Liang's "sweating adventure", it is better to seriously implement the "cause and effect" of the incident and make a more specific basis instead of falling into fantasy chaos.

Zhuge Liang is an expert in luring the enemy into the eyes of Wei Jun officers and men who have been repeatedly burned in Wang Bo and scared to death by water. Moreover, Wei Jun has always been good at luring soldiers. In the early years, Lu Bu was lured by the battle of Puyang, and Wen Chou was lured by the battle of Guandu. Wei Jun already knew what would happen if he was lured by greedy bait-he sacrificed heroically to fight the wounded. Zhuge Liang held high the banner of the Northern Expedition and assembled an army to attack. Whether it is to move the residents of the three counties or to rescue the generals of the Shu army, it will not be a small activity, which is unknown. Even if Sima Yi didn't know the actual situation of Shu soldiers, he could know that Shu soldiers had moved on a large scale. But Sima Yi and other Wei Jun saw the Shu army in front of Xicheng without any big rules and regulations. How can these Shu soldiers disappear? Where are the Shu soldiers who fought for defense? Could it be an ambush for the attack? Is Zhuge Liang going to lure Wei Jun into the city to die a few decoys, and take Zhuge Liang as the supreme commander of the Shu army? Who dares to take it lightly?

No matter how bold Sima Yi is, it is necessary to find out whether Zhuge Liang's generals Guan Xing, Zhang Bao, Ma Dai, Wei Yan, etc. are all gathered in Xicheng to die, or are they hiding aside and waiting for an opportunity? Or judge that all the Shu generals have fled, leaving Zhuge Liang alone. He has no Shu generals in his eyes, unless Sima Yi proudly gambles and admits that he has caught his ministers without an escort corps. If this is not luck, Zhuge Liang will set a trap to lure the soldiers into the urn.

Sima Yi didn't believe the sentry's information at first, and after personally exploring the enemy for verification, he took cautious measures. First retreat, then slow down Xu Tu: if there is an ambush, then retreat; If there is no ambush, there will be another war. Shortly after Sima Yi returned to Xicheng, asking local residents about the actual situation of the Shu army, we can know that Sima Yi did make a comeback in military action, instead of scaring Chang 'an all the way, as some people said. "Take a step back first, keep a safe distance, and then think of some way to, rather than scared and fled.

Later, on the path of Wugong Mountain, Guan Xing and Zhang Bao shouted in the valley, and Wei Jun became suspicious. How dare they stop for long? Ye Zhen was greedy and caught halfway. Jiang Wei and Ma Dai, who were assigned by Zhuge Liang in advance, stopped them and had to lead troops to flee. Sima Yi would have ended up in Cao Zhen if she hadn't left early. With Sima Yi's withdrawal, Zhuge Liang took the opportunity to withdraw from Hanzhong. There was a "distribution arrangement" in advance and an "ambush war" afterwards, which led Zhuge Liang to set up an empty city to trap Sima Yi with a leisurely mood.

The official history quoted three things about Guo Chong in Zhu Pei, which was about Zhuge Liang's empty plan. Pei Songzhi has refuted the occurrence time, geographical location, offensive and defensive situation and etiquette of the empty city plan, so what Guo Chong said is not true. Sima yi is still the governor of Jingzhou (that is, Zhou Yu's generation can't be a post), and in Wancheng, he doesn't have time to go north to the street pavilion to face Zhuge Liang. Time and space are no longer consistent. Guo Chong said that Sima Yi led 200,000 troops, Zhuge Liang only kept 10,000 Shu soldiers, and the rest were handed over to Wei Yan. Sima Yi has an advantage of 20 1, so there is no need to be afraid. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms says that there are only150,000 soldiers in Wei Jun, 2,500 in Zhuge Liang, and 2,500 in Shu, while 3,000 in Guan Xing and 3,000 in Zhang Bao. There are already 1 1000 here, as well as Zhang Yi, Jiang Wei and Ma Dai. If you count the remnants of Wang Ping, Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, Shen Dan and Shen Yi in Jieting battlefield, plus Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi's Ji Gu suspected troops, I'm afraid it's a serenade. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang led more than 300,000 soldiers, and the Northern Expeditionary Army of Shu soldiers was able to disturb the personal expedition. The size and strength of the army should not be underestimated.

According to "Han Jin Chun Qiu", Zhuge Liang claimed: "There are many soldiers and thieves in Qishan and Jigu, but they can't break thieves. If a thief breaks it, the disease is not in a serenade, but in a person's ear. That is, there are more Shu soldiers than Wei soldiers, not Wei soldiers than Shu soldiers. If Sima Yi's army is outnumbered, why should he care about just 10,000 Shu soldiers? In fact, Zhuge Liang did not dare to explore the North with only 10,000 people. Even if it's a southern expedition, it's not just ten thousand people. How can the Northern Expedition only use 10,000 people? Sima Yi's goal is not only Zhuge Liang's direct team, but the entire Northern Expedition Army. No matter how many people there are, they are not afraid of traps. In the Battle of Changping in the Warring States Period, although more than 400,000 people died, Zhao was trapped in a siege and starved, and was finally forced to surrender and was killed. The mountainous terrain around Hanzhong is full of dangers such as patios, dungeons, sinkholes and sky gaps, and obstacles such as caves and jungles are most afraid of being trapped and have no room for escape. The mountain forest is not conducive to the galloping of Wei Jun cavalry, and the pass in the valley also contains the danger of "one-man code is invincible". Although there are many grades, it would be careless to ignore the geographical restrictions. Zhuge Liang has an army and a favorable geographical position. Sima Yi, like Guo Chong said, has 200,000 troops, but it may not have the upper hand. Moreover, Guo Chong's biggest mistake was to ignore the existence of Shu generals. Sima yi can only calculate the position of the northern expedition generals. In the face of Zhuge Liang's army, Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, Zhao Yun and Wang Ping could not be seen unless Sima Yi was arrogant. Otherwise, Sima Yi should look closely at whether these Shu soldiers are lying in ambush. Zhuge Liang later made good use of luring soldiers to slay Zhang He, Xinmeile Co., Ltd. and others, which further proved Wei Bing's rash end. He ate the consequences of underestimating his enemy and would be killed and destroyed.

Zhuge Liang's empty city plan did not appear in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms for the first time after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but in the Notes on the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou, the official history, which is more unreasonable than the former. Ironically, the official notes are not credible, while the fictional romance covers everything.