When was the last year of Qing Dynasty?

The last years of Qing Dynasty refers to the period from 1840 to 19 12.

Due to imperialist aggression and the signing of unequal treaties, China's territory was seriously ceded and its national sovereignty was greatly violated. In addition, internal disturbances such as the Opium War and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement plunged China into turmoil and chaos. The country's politics, economy and culture have been greatly destroyed, and people's lives have fallen into extreme poverty and suffering.

The late Qing Dynasty was also the period of the rise of modern revolutionary thoughts in China. Some intellectuals began to reflect on the traditional feudal system and culture and put forward many new ideas and theories. They believe that China needs fundamental reforms to adapt to the changes in the new world.

In addition, the late Qing Dynasty was also the period when China's national consciousness was awakened. Faced with foreign oppression and aggression, many people in China began to wake up and realize that they are members of a nation, not just local individuals. This awakening of national consciousness promoted China people's pursuit of freedom and independence, and laid the foundation of China nationalism.

The economy of Qing dynasty

1. agriculture: the Qing dynasty reclaimed wasteland, immigrated to the frontier, and promoted new crops to increase production. Due to the promotion of domestic and foreign trade, economy and agriculture are also more developed. In the early Qing dynasty, in order to alleviate class contradictions, the policy of rewarding cultivation and reducing taxes was implemented. During the Yong Zhengdi period, the policy of "spreading land into mu" was implemented, and money and grain in the world were exempted for many times in the early Qing Dynasty.

2. Handicraft industry: In handicraft industry, artisan slavery was changed to tax servitude system. Textile and porcelain are the most important industries, with cotton weaving surpassing silk weaving. Porcelain is painted on porcelain tires with enamel, and Jingdezhen in Jiangxi is the center of porcelain.

3. Commerce: Commerce was developed in Qing Dynasty, and fair trade was the most common form of transaction. Cities and towns are the distribution centers of commodities, the starting and ending points of transshipment trade, and the connecting points of local markets. Cities and towns are closely related to commodity economy, and they complement and depend on each other with commerce.

The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty.