A Brief Introduction of Donnu's Invasion of Liang Hai and Russia.

/kloc-from the beginning of the 7th century to the 1970s, Russia sent envoys to the Tangnu Wulianghai area many times in an attempt to lure and entrust special forces to surrender to Russia, which was the beginning of Russian forces' entry into the Tangnu Wulianghai area. 1727, through negotiations, the Qing Dynasty signed the Blenski Border Treaty with Russia, which demarcated the Sino-Russian border east of Sabindabaha in the northern part of the Tangnuwulianghai area, thus curbing Russia's open expansion to the Kemuzk River basin and the Tangnuwulianghai area east of it. However, Russia's ambition to expand into the Tangnu Wulianghai region has not disappeared. On the contrary, it continues to expand from the west to the Tangnu Wulianghai region by taking advantage of the long-term unclear Sino-Russian border west of Sabindabaha. 1860, tsarist Russia used the Second Opium War to force the Qing Dynasty to sign the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty, forcibly stipulating the direction of the western section of the border between China and China, and taking the mountains, rivers and lakes that have always belonged to China and Karen people in China as demarcation marks, thus creating a treaty basis for more occupation of China territory; 1864, the Qing dynasty was forced to sign the Sino-Russian Northwest Border Treaty, which carved up and occupied part of the northwest territory belonging to the Tangnu Wulianghai area (now the Altai Republic); 1869, the Qing dynasty was forced to sign the border treaty of Wulisutai, ceding 40,000 square kilometers of high-quality grassland in the northwest of Tangnu Wulianghai, which was originally under the jurisdiction of General Wulisutai, to Russia. In the same year, the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign the Cobdo Border Treaty, which led to the capture of the tenth deputy commander of Wulianghai, who was originally under the jurisdiction of General Cobdo Dingbian. Although the Ha River area in A Mu was occupied by Russia, the Tangnu Wulianghai Basin, south of Sayanling and east of Sabindabaha-Bogosuke line, is still the territory of China. Russia began to change its strategy and infiltrated into the Tangnu Wulianghai area through predatory trade, illegal gold mining and illegal immigration. Although the people of Liang Hai in Tangnu constantly rose up to resist, they did not stop the infiltration of Russian troops. By the end of the Qing Dynasty (19 12), there were 80 Russian merchants and mines in Tangnu Wulianghai area, and there were 166 residential areas with more than 5,000 immigrants. Ushensk border officials were appointed to manage immigration affairs, and churches and schools were established. 19 12, the crisis of "independence" of outer Mongolia appeared in northern China, and its influence also spread to the Tangnu Wulianghai area. At the beginning of the same year, at the instigation of Russian businessmen, there was a robbery of mainland businessmen in the Tangnu Wulianghai area, and mainland businessmen fled the area one after another. In February, with the encouragement and support of tsarist Russia, Kampot Dolzi, deputy flag-bearer of Tangnu Banner, declared its three flags "independent" and requested tsarist Russia to send troops to occupy various important places in Tangnu Wulianghai area. Kampot Dorg's behavior was not recognized by his subordinates, but Salajik and Jin Tuo showed strong opposition, but the flags listened to the appeal of the outer Mongolia Zhebuzundanba Group. Although the change of the situation provided opportunities for Russia, Tangnurianghai Banner's participation in the outer Mongolian rebel group disrupted Russia's plan to annex the Tangnurianghai area, because Russia wanted to occupy the area directly, rather than make it "independent". 19 13, Russia did not agree to the request to send troops, but sent officials to step up the implementation of the immigration plan in an attempt to actually occupy the Tangnu Wulianghai area. Since then, Russian immigrants have increased rapidly at an unprecedented rate, and Russian police have also been sent to the region. At the same time, tsarist Russia used threats and inducements to force Tangnuu Liang Hai Banner to submit an application for "protection". 19 14 In July, Russia decided to "protect" the flag of Donuu Liang Hai, appointed Grigorev as the Commissioner for Coastal Affairs in Liang Hai, and began to take various measures to establish rule in Donuu Liang Hai, which has actually become a Russian colony. 19 16 years, Russian colonial rule was resisted by Liang Hai people in Tangnu, and the general manager of Kemuqike Banner sent someone to the central government of the Republic of China for help. 19 17, the government of the Republic of China decided to set up an assistant Commissioner in the Tangnu Wulianghai area, but the negotiations with Russia were fruitless. In the same year, the "October Revolution" broke out in Russia, but it did not shake the colonial rule of Russian forces in the Tangnu Wulianghai area. On the contrary, it provided an opportunity for the China government to recover the area.