Is it right or wrong for China to value literature over martial arts in the Song Dynasty?

For a long time, whenever it comes to the lack of foreign martial arts in the Song Dynasty, it failed to recover the old Xinjiang in the Han and Tang Dynasties and was repeatedly defeated by Hu regimes such as Liao, Xixia and Jin. Some people always think that it is caused by the system of valuing literature over martial arts in the Song Dynasty. However, although this view is not unreasonable, it only simplifies the problem. After the founding of Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu, with the efforts of emperors Zhao Guangyi, Song Taizong, Zhao Heng, Song Zhenzong, etc., the fundamental reason for determining the ruling system of the civilian scholar-bureaucrat group and restraining the position of military commanders was to learn the lessons of continuous military disasters in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.

Song Taizu: Zhao Kuangyin.

In the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms period, warlords from all walks of life fought for decades, killing the land of the Central Plains, leaving the fields barren, bones piled up like mountains, and dead bodies kept as rations. At this time, soldiers with swords were in high positions, civil servants and Confucian scholars were like pigs and dogs in front of them, and a protege spread all over the dynasty. Changle Lao? Feng Dao, who is also regarded as a political vase by warlords, is always ridiculed and despised. But what are the advantages of that country, that regime and that world?

Therefore, when the people who survived the hell on earth learned from the new Da Song Dynasty and worked hard for decades, they finally solved the problem of arrogant soldiers in the buffer region that has plagued countless emperors and good ministers for hundreds of years since the middle Tang Dynasty, and established a civilian government system that influenced future generations for thousands of years.

A soldier's weapon is also a weapon. Therefore, as armed personnel with weapons, we must strictly control them. It is natural that the civilian government should guard against and restrict the participation of soldiers in politics. No matter what system is implemented, major modern countries are governed by civilian governments, and active military generals are restricted from participating in government affairs. This is all because people realize that the energy of military monsters is too powerful and terrible, and they must be firmly locked in cages and restricted by all parties.

If this behemoth is released and military generals are allowed to participate in and even make decisions on major state affairs independently, a militaristic regime that devours everything may be formed. The two world wars that killed and injured hundreds of millions of people and almost destroyed mankind were painful lessons.

And the emperor of the Song Dynasty advocated it through his own actions? Nothing, only reading is high? Bureaucratic scholar-officials dominate public opinion comments, saying that only Jinshi who "take Jinmingchi as the name of the banquet" can count? My hero? , with a wide range of imperial examination system to collect all the elites in the world, and finally realized the way that civil officials, scholars and emperors ruled the world.

Song Zhenzong: Zhao Heng.

The son of heaven attaches great importance to heroes, and the article teaches two Cao; Nothing, but reading is high. If you are young, you must study hard so that the article can stand; Zhu Zigui is full of scholars.

Others have swords, and I have pens like knives. The dynasty was Tian Shelang, and the emperor was in court; There are no seeds at home, and men should be self-reliant. As a prime minister, you must use scholars.

The jade palace passed the gold medal list, and the king gave me a gift; Three hundred heroes, accompany me to Yingzhou. Generous ambition, loyalty and filial piety; To be an official, you must have a plan and strive for the first place.

The palace is swaying, and the streets are competing for each other; The wind and cloud will meet today, and the emperor will live forever. The sun and the moon are in the sky, and the mountains and rivers are strong and the emperor is born; Peace cannot be reported, but hope to write for a thousand years.

Although this system of using literature to control martial arts will inevitably lead to the disadvantages of valuing literature over martial arts, it must not be overcorrected, so that the country will no longer suffer from the chaos of military commanders. It is also a great merit that the Central Plains has nothing to do for a hundred years and the people live and work in peace and contentment.

In fact, in the 300-year history of the Song Dynasty, besides Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou, what about the Jin State? Kill flies and make peace? Under pressure, in order to conclude a peace treaty with Jin, who thought he could achieve long-term stability, he killed Yue Fei without conscience, which was purely a cowardly and shameless case of the monarch. Apart from prohibiting military commanders from participating in internal affairs, military commanders in the Song Dynasty were treated fairly well.

Emperor of Southern Song Dynasty: Zhao Gou

For those hereditary dignitaries who evolved from the founding generals, generations of descendants mostly married into the royal family. Daughters can be queens and sons can marry princesses. The military commanders' families of the Xiliang Army guarding Guanzhong are like semi-warlords, who simply don't want to live too well, separated by hundreds of years.

It is even often used as an example. What about the Song Dynasty? Suppress martial arts? Di Qing, he can achieve a high position in the Tang Dynasty from a soldier, not only as the highest military attache of the country, but also as an equal with the Prime Minister. Is Song Renzong really bad for Di Qing?

Tang Tang: Di Qing.

The real problem in the Song Dynasty was not that it was not good for military commanders, but that it was too good for bureaucrats and scholars. It was a rare dynasty that did not restrict land annexation. Even Di Qing was under strong pressure from the literati. Song Renzong could not resist the call of the imperial court and had to release him to Chen Zhou, but he still detained Di Qing? With the book door flat chapter? The title of prime minister, also calculate this total.

Song Renzong: Zhao Zhen.

On the other hand, however, Chinese civilization reached a key historical node in the late Tang Dynasty. Since then, it has been in the cycle of involution-stability-involution, and some problems have even continued until the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

Song and Tang dynasties city system? It is the common sense of ministers in Song Dynasty. Most of the effective systems in the Song Dynasty can be found in the political exploration after the middle Tang Dynasty. After the troubled times of the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty was able to solve the problem of arrogant soldiers and buffer regions, which was also the result of the exploration and practice of countless imperial elites in the middle Tang Dynasty and 200 years after the Five Dynasties. Zhao Kuangyin never simply made a plan? A glass of wine releases soldiers? Festival, handsome guys can be obedient.

Release the rights of soldiers with a glass of wine;

Moreover, when Beowulf was in power in the Five Dynasties, how did the regime of the Khitan Liao State grow bigger, and it occupied sixteen states. And as soon as he entered Luoyang City, all the buffer regions in the Central Plains presented surrender tables one after another, and you knew, even if the Song Dynasty really looked like some? Internet historian? As advocated, attaching importance to military commanders and ignoring civilian officials will not improve the record of foreign wars, but it is more likely to collapse in advance.

Therefore, in the chaotic era of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, there was no better choice in the Song Dynasty to prevent the reappearance of soldiers, except to rely on bureaucrats and literati to form a civilian government. Imperial clan princes, consorts and gentry are all options denied by previous history.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the Song Dynasty valued literature over martial arts, while the Qing Dynasty relied on the Eight Banners? Mixed with sand and good ruling skills, it seems to have solved the problem of one-party dominance of literati and imperial frontier, but the decadent and dull ruling mechanism brought about by it also led to modern China being crushed by industrialized European and American powers.

So, apart from changes in the political system, what about a certain dynasty? Wu Shang? , a dynasty? Cowardly? , a dynasty? Bloody It doesn't really make much sense. Of course, the martial arts established in the Tang Dynasty extending in all directions and as far away as Central Asia are fascinating; As an introverted empire, it is also beneficial for Song Dynasty to develop the basic territory of Han people, especially Huguang and Fujian in the south of the Yangtze River.

Extreme regimes such as Dongwu, Eastern Jin and Southern Song may have been unpopular and have been accused of cowardice since ancient times. Self-defense thief? But in fact, the efforts to develop the southern areas such as the Yangtze River Basin and the Pearl River Basin have turned them from settlements in the pre-Qin period into an inseparable and prosperous basic territory of the Han nationality, which is also an outstanding contribution to the Chinese nation.

The long river of history, big waves wash sand, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Sui, Tang, Song and Ming are all our ancestors. Their glory belongs to our history, and their shame will also be recorded in our history. Counting heroes, regardless of success or failure, is a romantic trend throughout the ages.