What is the content of "post-Millennium theory"?

The first great religious awakening movement and the popularity of deism created conditions for a more tolerant society. With the loss of the hegemonic position of Puritanism, new sects with American characteristics began to appear, which triggered another great awakening movement in11920s. The first Great Awakening Movement not only put an end to Puritanism, but also brought North American Methodists to the ground. Although Edwards and Wesley belong to evangelical sects, they are different. According to Olson, a theological historian, these are two completely different sports. If Edwards emphasizes that the greatness of God is better than the goodness of God, Wesley emphasizes that the goodness of God is better than the greatness of God. The former belief made the Puritan God look dignified and angry, while the latter belief made God walk out of the Puritans, go to the whole world and go to all people. If Puritanism shaped the spiritual characteristics of the colonial period in North America, then the piety of Methodists had a more important influence on the American spirit in later generations.

Methodists claim to be loyal to the Bible and traditional beliefs. Most of them accept arminius's theory that salvation depends not only on God's grace, but also on individual's free choice. Everyone has the possibility of being saved. With the help of the Holy Spirit, people can achieve complete love for God and others in this life and acquire perfect Christian character. In theology, they do not emphasize speculation and consistency; Emphasize that the holy spirit has the ability to make people believe in the Lord and change the lives of believers; The core of religion lies in the close relationship between man and God. Pay attention to the lower class people from the social point of view and advocate social improvement. The sacrificial ceremony of this sect is also a semi-ritual culture and semi-freedom, and singing poetry occupies an important position.

Relatively speaking, Methodism is far more democratic, free and humane than Puritanism. In the American War of Independence, Wesley supported Britain, Asbury supported the United States, and the American Methodist Church became independent. By 1784, the American Methodist Church (also called Wesleyan Church) was first established before the British Methodist Church. In the following 50 years, the Methodist church developed rapidly in the new reclamation area of the United States, especially in the second Great Awakening Movement.

The American Revolution changed the religious pattern in America. It is estimated that by 1776, the number of sects has reached 26. Influential are the Anglican Church (Anglican Sect), Presbyterian Church, Congregational Church, Baptist Church and Methodist Church (Wesleyan Sect). Because the Anglican Church is a branch of the Anglican Church in North America, most of them acted as royalists loyal to Britain in the revolution, so they lost their hearts, and many Christians turned to join the Methodist Church in the south. Methodist priests returned to England during the war, but most of the priests in Virginia stayed to support the revolution. Virginia was the most backbone force in the American Revolution. The congregational, Presbyterian and Baptist churches, because they didn't believe in the Anglican Church, supported the new republic in the war, strengthened their alliance and gained prestige.

After the founding of the United States, the spread of the Enlightenment made deism popular and shook the foundation of Christianity. The development of the western region has made the frontier area an undeveloped virgin land of American religion; At the same time, Americans are more and more concerned about the fate of their country and their personal future, and their religious enthusiasm is greatly reduced. In this case, various sects had to make their own responses, and the second Great Awakening Movement came into being. This religious revival movement "the first problem to be solved is how to make the religious spirit more secular, more popular and more in line with the needs of the public." In addition, the United States has just been founded, and the overall mentality is high, so it is reflected in the doctrine that the theory of supreme goodness and the theory of Millennium blessings are prevalent for a while.

At that time, missionaries created two popular forms of sermon in order to get close to the masses: camping sermon and postponed sermon. Camping sermons are suitable for the western region. Due to the scattered residence of immigrants in the west, there may not be a formal church within a hundred miles of Fiona Fang, Fiona Fang, so the sermon can only be carried out in temporary tents built in the wild. Immigrants from dozens or even hundreds of miles around come to attend, not only praying, listening to preaching, but also communicating with each other and even singing and dancing. A sermon usually lasts six to seven days, with more than 10 thousand participants. Postponed sermons are held for urban people, usually at night, and a sermon lasts for several weeks.

Among them, the influence of the congregational society is mainly in the traditional base camp-New England. Without realizing the importance of the west, its limitations only expand in the north-central areas such as Minnesota and Wisconsin. Presbyterian church also sticks to the east, which has a great influence on industry, commerce and education. In contrast, Baptists and Methodists focused on ordinary people and frontier areas, so they developed rapidly in the Great Awakening Movement and surpassed the latter two church factions in strength. Through the second Great Awakening Movement lasting for more than 50 years, by 1855, there will be 207,608 congregations, 4,95715 Presbyterian churches and105545 Baptists, and the Methodist Church will reach an astonishing15545.

Generally speaking, the second Great Awakening Movement is also an "evangelical Protestantism" movement, and evangelical Protestantism refers to a Protestant Sect committed to spreading the Christian gospel. It is important that "the second Great Awakening Movement no longer regards religious revival as its sole goal, but is closely linked with other social goals, emphasizing the necessity of religious revival to ensure the immortality of American social system and religious belief system." The thoughts and spirits expressed in the Second Great Awakening have become an integral part of the "American Spirit", among which "Perfectionism" and "Millennialism" are the most important. The premise of "the theory of perfection" is that anyone who converts to Christ can be saved, and after being saved, he can achieve "perfection" through hard work. This argument fundamentally overturns Calvin's conservative "fatalism" theory, establishes human status, and gives people the strength and hope to transform themselves and improve themselves. Blessed Millennialism, also known as Millennialism and Chillianism, belongs to one of the eschatology of Christian theology and is mainly based on the New Testament. Revelation holds that before the end of the world, Christ will directly rule the world for a thousand years, and the first resurrected saints will enjoy happiness with them. Then the end of the world comes, the wicked will be resurrected and accepted the final judgment, the saints will go to heaven, and the wicked will go to hell. In the second Great Awakening Movement, millenism was divided into "pre-millenism" and "post-millenism". The so-called "pre-theory" means that Christ returned to the world thousands of years ago, and the Millennium peace and prosperity were established because of his return. The so-called "post-theory" refers to the return of Christ to the world after a thousand years. During the Millennium, the devil was bound, and the gospel spread more easily, which prepared the conditions for the arrival of Christ. Christ presided over the trial immediately after his return, and then the kingdom of heaven came to earth and became a new heaven and a new earth. The "pre-theory" is relatively radical, expecting Christ to come immediately, and the day of Christ's arrival is the time when the secular nation dies. The world is facing a catastrophe, and only immediate conversion is the way out. The "post-theory" is more moderate, thinking that Christ will not come immediately, but that it is an opportunity for mankind to be saved, to carry forward the spirit of Christ in the world, and to fill the world with peace, justice and brotherly love. Although the "pre-theory" has a great influence and formed the Adventists, the "post-theory" has a far-reaching influence and constitutes an optimistic spiritual force in the American spirit of continuous reform and belief in progress.

Evangelical Protestantism is determined to reform. Through the "voluntary association system" formed in the second awakening, a group of folk associations closely related to religion volunteered to carry out social reforms, such as the American Prohibition Association, the Protestant Public School Promotion Association, and the American Anti-Slavery Association, which made great contributions to the moral, educational reform, abolition of slavery, and women's movement in the United States.