What is the greatest achievement of Qin Shihuang?

It was Huang San that established the first multi-ethnic centralized state? The emperor? , five emperors? The emperor? Composition? The emperor? Qin Shihuang, the first feudal monarch in ancient and modern China and abroad, is no stranger to everyone. Now let's get a deeper understanding of the major achievements of this immortal.

What is the greatest achievement of Qin Shihuang?

Qin Shihuang (the third day of the twelfth lunar month in 259 BC? Former 2 10), won surname, Zhao, also known as (Zheng), or Zulong, son of King Xiang of Qin. China is a famous politician, strategist and reformer in history, the first iron-fisted politician to complete the reunification of China, and the first king in Greater China to be called the emperor. Qin Shihuang was born in Handan, the capital of Zhao, and spent his youth here. In the first 247 years, 13 was king. In the first 238 years, at the age of 22, he held the coronation ceremony of the monarch in Yongcheng, the old capital. Pro-government? Get rid of Lv Buwei, Lao Ai and others, 【 Reuse Lisi and Liao Wei, from 230 years ago to 22 1 year ago, the six countries of Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi were destroyed successively. At the age of 39, he completed the great cause of reunifying China, established a powerful centralized country with the Han nationality as the main body, and laid the territory of China. Qin Shihuang thought his contribution was better than that of the previous Three Emperors and Five Emperors, so he adopted Huang San? The emperor? , five emperors? The emperor? Composition? The emperor? Is this title used for the first time in the history of China? The emperor? The title of monarch, so call yourself? First emperor? . At the same time, the central government implements three public officials and nine ministers to manage state affairs. The enfeoffment system was abolished at the local level and replaced by the county system. At the same time, books are written in the same language and cars are on the same track. Unified measurement. Attacking Xiongnu in the north, conquering Baiyue in the south, building the Great Wall of Wan Li, building Lingqu and connecting the water system. However, in the later period, seeking immortality and abusing the people shook the ruling foundation of the Qin Dynasty. 2 10 years ago, Qin Shihuang died in Xingtai sand dune on his way eastward. Qin Shihuang is a legendary epoch-making figure in the history of China, and the first founding emperor of the Qin Dynasty in the history of China. He had a far-reaching influence on China and world history, pushed China into the era of great unification, and laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years, which was praised by Li Zhi, a thinker in the Ming Dynasty. An emperor through the ages? .

politics

First called the emperor, the former princes of Qin Shihuang were called? Jun? Or? Wang? .

Qin Shihuang and Qi State once said? The emperor? But this title was different at that time. Qin Shihuang, who dominated the world, thought that these titles were not enough to show respect for him, so he ordered his ministers to discuss titles. After some discussion, the Prime Minister Wang Wan, jie feng, Tingsi and others thought that Qin? Xingyi soldiers, punish the thieves and pacify the world? , merit? Not seen since ancient times, which is beyond the reach of the five emperors? . They quoted the traditional honorific saying? In ancient times, there were emperors, Huangdi, Tai Huang and Tai Huang, which was the most expensive? Is it suggested that Qin adopt it? Tai Huang? Title. However, Qin Shihuang was not satisfied with this. He only uses one? The emperor? Word, because there is? Three emperors and five emperors? Add another one? The emperor? Word, creation? The emperor? . Since then,? The emperor? It became the title of the supreme ruler of China feudal society. Qin Shihuang became the first emperor in the history of China, calling himself? First emperor? . He also stipulated that when he passed the throne to future generations after his death, the heirs would be called the second emperor, the third emperor and even eternal life. Qin Shihuang dreamed that the throne would be inherited by his family forever. Spread endlessly? . In order to sanctify the status of emperor, Qin Shihuang took a series of measures? Zunjun? Measures: First, cancel the funeral ceremony. The funeral ceremony began in the early Zhou Dynasty, and it was given an evaluation title based on the life story of the king after his death. But Qin Shihuang thought, like this? Son discusses father, minister discusses gentleman? It's ridiculous. It's meaningless. He announced the abolition of the obituary law and prohibited future courtiers from evaluating themselves. Secondly, does the son of heaven call himself Yue? Me? . ? Me? What does this word mean? Me? Similarly, ordinary people used to use it, but Qin Shihuang limited that only the emperor could call himself? Me? . What was the emperor's order? System? Or? Hey? Life is called system, and decree is called imperial edict, which has different effects. Third, it is not allowed to mention the name of the emperor in the text, so it should be avoided. On the file? The emperor begins with the emperor? When waiting for the word, you must write on a new line. Finally, only the jade carving seal used by the emperor can be called? Seal? .

Concentration (of power)

Qin Shihuang also established a fairly complete set of centralized and political institutions. (1) The proposal of setting up Premier Qiu in the central organs. The Prime Minister has two left and right members, and he is the head of a hundred officials, in charge of political affairs. Qiu is in charge of the military and doesn't often buy it. The Imperial Scholar is the second deputy of the Prime Minister, in charge of the library secretary and supervising officials. Under the Prime Minister, Qiu, and imperial envoys, there are various ministers who are in charge of specific government affairs, including doctors in charge of the palace, guards stationed in the palace, deputy generals in charge of public security in Gyeonggi, Tingwei in charge of punishment, internal history of Ji Xia, taxes on mountains and seas and handicrafts supplied by the government to the royal family, those in charge of the palace, those in charge of domestic ethnic affairs and foreign affairs, and guest appearances. The prime minister, Qiu, Qiu, discussed the state affairs, and the emperor ruled. [60] In addition, there were some important official positions in the Qin Dynasty, such as doctors in charge of ancient and modern times? , that is, familiar with ancient and modern history for the emperor consultation, and at the same time responsible for the collection of books; Classical countries, like Dian Ke, are all responsible for ethnic affairs, but the difference is that Dian Ke is responsible for the communication with ethnic minorities who are friendly to Qin State, while Dian Ke is responsible for ethnic minorities who have surrendered to Qin State. Zhan manages the affairs of the queen and the prince. The centralization of authority established in the Qin Dynasty was imitated by successive dynasties. Among them, the Han Dynasty? San Gong Jiu Qing? , basically copy the Qin system. [60] (2) After Qin Shihuang, a local organization, destroyed the Six Kingdoms, he adopted Li Si's suggestion, abolished the enfeoffment system and changed to the county system. Local administrative agencies are divided into counties and counties. Principal officials of counties and counties are appointed and removed by the central authorities. There are guards, governors and supervisors in the county. The sheriff is in charge of his county. The county commandant assisted the county magistrate and gave a military salute. The county supervisor is responsible for supervision. Make and pass the national seal

? Pass a national decree? , in terms of material? He Shizhen? . Qin on the jade seal? Ordered by heaven, and longevity yongchang? The seal handed down by the later emperors was engraved on the order of Qin Shihuang. Its Fiona Fang is four inches, and it has five dragons in New Zealand. On the front, engraved with Li Si's book? Ordered by heaven, both longevity Yongchang? Eight seal characters as? Is imperial power sacred, orthodox and legal? The guarantee. Since then, emperors have used this seal as a symbol and regarded it as a rare treasure and a heavy weapon of the country. What do you get as a symbol? Orders from heaven? Lost the means? Have you run out of luck? . Anyone who reaches a great position without this seal will be laughed at as? Bai Di? , appear humbled, contempt for the world. As a result, people who want to seek big treasures compete with each other, leading to the repeated transfer of the country's decree and finally disappear.

military affairs

Unify the six countries

(1) The power to destroy Korea is the weakest among the six countries, but the geographical position is the biggest obstacle to the reunification of Qin. The first target of Qin Shihuang's attack is South Korea. However, Qin Jun attacked South Korea many times and was repelled by South Korea. While attacking South Korea with the main force, Qin adopted the strategy of fostering pro-Qin forces and gradually dismembered South Korea. 23 1 year ago, Nanyang county, Korea? False defense? (that is, acting county magistrate) Teng gave Qin the territory under his jurisdiction. Teng was appointed as a literature and history by Qin, and was later sent to lead an army to attack South Korea. Teng knew Korea like the back of his hand, so it went smoothly. In the seventeenth year of the Qin Dynasty (the first 230 years), Wang Han 'an fell and South Korea perished.

(2) In 229 years before the destruction of Zhao State, the State of Qin took advantage of the great earthquake of Zhao State and the great drought of Hufu in Qinyang Mausoleum to send Wang Jianling to attack Zhao State. Zhao sent Li Mu and Sima Shang to resist. After a year of stalemate, Qin used deviance. Wang Jian bribed Guo Kai, the favorite of Zhao Wang, with a large sum of money to spread rumors of rebellion between Li Mu and Sima Shang. The prince of Zhao listened to rumors and sent Zhao Cong and Yan Ju instead of Li Mu. Under the current enemy situation, Li Mu refused to give up the relieving. Zhao secretly sent someone to capture Li Mu and kill him, and at the same time killed Sima Shang. Killing Li Mu undoubtedly cleared the way for killing Zhao. Since then, Qin Jun has invaded the city like nobody's business. In the 19th year of Qin Dynasty (228 BC), Qin Jun attacked Handan. [30] Soon, Zhao, who fled, was forced to land in Qin, and Zhao actually died. However, Gong Zijia fled to Dai Jun (Yuxian County, Hebei Province) with a group of people and became king on his own. In 222 BC, after Qin Jun destroyed Yan State, it occupied Yan State. At this point, Qin unified the north.

(3) Before the destruction of Wei in 231year, under the powerful influence of Qin State, King Wei Jinglian presented Li Yi to Qin State as a plan to slow down the troops. At this time, the king of Qin was mobilizing troops to launch a general attack on Zhao. He didn't want to disperse his troops to attack Wei, so he accepted the land proposal. This enabled Wei to maintain the endgame for several years. In the 22nd year of the Qin Dynasty (225 BC), when the main force was attacking Chu in the south, Wang Ben, a general of the Qin Dynasty, led an army to besiege the girders (Kaifeng, Henan). Wei Jun shut the gate, don't hold on. Because the girder Yugoslav capital has been built for many years and is extremely strong, Qin Jun cannot storm it. Wang Ben came up with a way to attack by water. A large number of foot soldiers in Qin Jun were arranged to dig ditches, take water from the Yellow River and canyons and pour it into girders. Three months later, the wall barriers of the girders all collapsed, and Wei had to surrender. The state of Wei perished.

(4) Destroying the Chu State Chu State has a vast territory and rich products, claiming to have millions of elite soldiers. The nobles of Chu always struggle for power and profit, which is especially serious at the end of the Warring States Period. In 226 BC, the King of Qin lost no time in dispatching Qin Jun from the northern Yan-cutting front and attacking Chu from the south, thus winning more than 65,438+00 cities in Chu. 224 years ago, the decisive battle of Qin Chu began. The King of Qin sent a young general, Li Xin, to lead 200,000 Qin Jun to attack the State of Chu, and was defeated by the Chu army. Then he sent general Wang Jian to lead 600,000 Qin Jun to attack Chu. After Wang Jian entered Chu, he did not immediately launch an offensive. He summed up the lesson that Li Xin underestimated the enemy's aggressiveness, and adopted the strategy of stationing troops to practice martial arts, guarding the city wall, paralyzing the enemy and waiting for death. After more than a year, Qin Jun basically adapted to the situation of Chu, with high morale and abundant physical strength. At the same time, the Chu army, which was called to fight against Qin Jun, was gradually demoralized due to the lack of food and grass, and was ready to retreat eastward. When Chu Jun retreated, Wang Jian seized the opportunity and ordered the whole army to attack. Qin Jun defeated the main force of Chu army in one fell swoop, marched into the mainland and killed Xiang Yan, commander-in-chief of Chu army. In the twenty-fourth year of the King of Qin (223 BC), Qin Jun captured Shouchun (Shouxian County, Anhui Province), the capital of the State of Chu, captured the King of Chu, and the State of Chu perished. In the twenty-fifth year of the King of Qin (222 BC), the army that just destroyed Chu in the south conquered the Vietnamese army and established Huiji County. As a result, all the Yangtze River basins were incorporated into the territory of Qin State.

(5) Destroying the Yan State In the process of destroying Zhao, the army of Qin State has reached the border of Yan State. The prince was very happy to see that the state of Qin had destroyed Sanjin. He wanted to commit suicide, but there was nothing he could do. Yan Taizi Dan came up with Jing Ke to stab the king of Qin, and finally the assassination failed. The king of Qin almost died under Jing Ke's dagger and immediately sent more troops to attack on a large scale. In the first 226 years, Qin Jun captured Yan Dou Ji (Beijing), and Yan and Taizi Dan fled to Liaodong County. Li Xin, the general of Qin Dynasty, led thousands of people to pursue Taizi Dan to Yanshui in Qin Jun. Prince Taizi Dan survived because he was lurking in the water. Later, after weighing the interests, Wang Xi of Yan sent someone to kill Taizi Dan and dedicate his head to Qin, hoping to get a truce and keep Yan. After Prince Xi fled to Liaodong, Qin Jun's main force was transferred to the downtown to attack Chu. In the first 222 years, Wang Ben was ordered to attack the remnants of Yan State in Liaodong, capture the Ledu of Rebecca, and Yan State was completely destroyed.

(6) In the 26th year of the Qin Dynasty (22 1), the Qin Dynasty ordered Wang Ben to go south and attack the last Qi of the six eastern countries. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the mid-Warring States Period, Qi was one of the most powerful countries in Shandong. However, in the first 284 years, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei and Chu conquered Qi, especially Yan's sweeping, which almost destroyed Qi. Since then, Qi has been devastated. Moreover, at this time, Qi is an incompetent person. In the first 249 years, he was qualified to be prime minister. The state of Qin soon launched a campaign to buy off insiders and gave a large number of gold and jade articles to Housheng. After gaining the benefits of Qin, they sent a large number of guests to Qin one after another. Qin also bribed them, gave them money and treasure, and sent them back to Qi to be spies. After returning from the state of Qin, these people actively created pro-Qin public opinion. They said that Qi Wang Jian should go to the western Qin Dynasty to show his submission. They also said that Chyi Chin was in-laws, so he didn't need to prepare to attack Qin, nor should he help Sanjin and Yanchu to attack Qin. It is in this case that Wang Ben went south to cut Qi, hardly meeting any resistance. Wang Ben led the army into Linzi, and Qi and Hou Sheng immediately surrendered to Qin. The state of Qi perished. At this point, the state of Qin completed the last journey of wiping out the heroes and unifying the six countries.

Expand the territory of a country

(1) In 22 1 year before the southern expedition, after Qin Shihuang completed the great cause of unifying the Central Plains, he set out to formulate the strategy of finding Xiongnu in the north and Baiyue in Nanping. After a series of preparations, 2 18 years ago, Qin Shihuang ordered generals Tu Youyou and Zhao Tuo to lead a 500,000-strong army and launched a war to conquer the Vietnamese in Lingnan. Qin Junbing was divided into five roads, passing Yuechengling in the north of Guangxi, Jiuyi Mountain in the south of Hunan, Nankang and Yugan in Jiangxi, and marching towards Guangdong, Guangxi and Yueguo. Among them, Qin Jun, which captured Panyu, was the fastest. They passed through Jiuben Fortress, went down the Beijiang River, went straight to the Pearl River Delta and occupied Panyu. The two armies that attacked the Guiyue people were familiar with the terrain, good at climbing mountains and wading, and attacked Qin Jun at night, which made Qin Jun miserable. Once the Vietnamese won, Qin Jun's grain route was cut off and supplies were insufficient, and Tu Youyou, one of the commanders, was also killed. Due to lack of food, the Commander-in-Chief was killed, Qin Jun suffered hundreds of thousands of casualties, and the war fell into a confrontational stage, which lasted for three years. [2 17] In order to reverse the situation of insufficient troops and difficult supply of food and grass, Qin Shihuang ordered the Imperial Army Yushi Road to dig a lingqu in Xing 'an, Guangxi, which is connected with Xiangshui and Lishui. As the total length of Lingqu is only 34 kilometers, the engineering quantity is not large, and Qin Jun was completed soon. Lingqu connects the Xiangjiang River and the Pearl River system, and Qin Jun's wages can be continuously transported to Lingnan, providing a reliable material guarantee for Qin Shihuang to complete Lingnan. 2 14 years ago, Qin Shihuang ordered Ren Tao and Zhao Tuo to attack Baiyue tribe again. Qin Jun was on a roll, and soon defeated the resistance of Xi 'ou people in Guangxi and Luoyue people in central and northern Vietnam, and the whole Lingnan area was incorporated into the territory of the Qin Dynasty. In order to maintain the stability of Lingnan, Qin Shihuang ordered the soldiers who marched into Lingnan to stay there? Garrison? . In addition, there are a large number of Central Plains immigrants to Lingnan area. The remaining soldiers and immigrants, except a few who married migrant women from the Central Plains, mostly married Yue Nv. They brought advanced culture, agriculture and handicraft technology to Lingnan area, and made great contributions to the development of Lingnan. The war at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains was an important part of Qin Shihuang's war to unify China. For the first time in history, Lingnan was formally incorporated into Chinese territory, making the Yue nationality a member of the Chinese nation. It has played an important role in promoting the integration of Han and Vietnamese nationalities and the social, political, economic and cultural development of Lingnan. (2) 33-34 years of the northern invasion of the Hun Emperor Qin Shihuang (2 14)? 2 13) ago, Qin Shihuang sent general Meng Tian to attack Xiongnu in the north. During the Warring States Period, countries in the Central Plains had no time to look north, and Xiongnu often raided the northern borders of Qin, Zhao and Yan. In order to remove the threat of Xiongnu to Qin, Qin Shihuang ordered Meng Tian to lead 300,000 troops to attack Xiongnu in the north. In the spring of the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), the main force of Meng Tian's unification went out of the Great Wall from Shang Jun (now Yulin South, Shaanxi Province) to attack its east; Yang Wengzi led a team from Xiaoguan (southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia) to the Great Wall and attacked its west. Xiongnu fled after defeat. The Sanskrit name of ancient India is China? Zhina? , Greek geographer Ptolemy's geography book? Qin Ni? Country. Even today, Europeans still call China China. What are these made of? Qin? The pronunciation of this word has changed.

Build the Great Wall

After Qin destroyed the six countries, it began to build the Great Wall in the north. At that time, the Central Plains had just been unified, and the original aristocratic forces in various places were still very strong. If the traffic and links between the central areas are not maintained, the country will be divided again at any time. Therefore, we must improve the traffic and contact between the central area and other counties as soon as possible, so we must build roads as soon as possible.

Due to years of war, the agricultural facilities in the first few countries have been greatly damaged, or they have been in disrepair for a long time because of war; Agricultural production must be resumed as soon as possible after reunification; Therefore, it takes considerable manpower to dredge rivers and repair canals, which is beneficial to waterway transportation and agricultural irrigation. The Great Wall was built to protect people's lives and property on the northern border, and its purpose was to reduce people's burden. Because the Huns are nomadic people, their cavalry activities are very extensive. Without the Great Wall, many troops will be needed to defend them, which will add a great burden to the people. He didn't build the Great Wall in Wan Li. He just connected the Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan.

economy

Degree certification system

During the Warring States period, the systems of weights and measures and monetary systems in various countries were very inconsistent. After the reunification of Qin dynasty, it was stipulated that the currency could be divided into gold and copper: gold was the upper currency and yi was the unit; Copper coins are called coins, which are unified into circular square holes, with half two as the unit. Gold coins are mainly for the emperor, and copper coins are the main circulation media. Qin Shihuang took the degree, quantity and balance of the former Qin State as the unit standard and eliminated the system that did not match this. Qin Ting engraved the original standard documents promulgated by Shang Yang, or made the same standard documents with inscriptions and sent them to the whole country. It is forbidden to use the degree, quantity and balance different from that of standard instruments. In the field system, the Qin dynasty stipulated that 6 steps (now 230 cm) were feet and 240 steps were acres. This system of dividing land into three parts per mu will remain unchanged for thousands of years.

Change the monetary system

Qin Shihuang unified the currency mainly in two ways: first, the state unified the coinage, severely punished private coinage, and held the right to manufacture the currency in the hands of the state. The second is to unify the two currencies, namely, the upper currency gold and the lower currency copper. For gold? Hey? As a unit, a pot is twenty-two. Copper coins? Half A Liang? For the unit, and clearly cast gold coins? Half A Liang? Two words. Copper coins are shaped like square holes, commonly known as? Qin Banliang? . Pearl jade, tortoise shell, silver and tin, which were once popular in six countries, can no longer be used as currency. Speaking of the Qin Dynasty, China's currency was second-class; Gold is named after Yan, and it is a coin; Copper coins, commonly known as half a tael, are as heavy as the text, and are the next coins. Jade beads, tortoiseshell, silver and tin are ornaments, not coins.

Overall traffic

From 222 years ago, Qin Shihuang began to build a large-scale chidao with Xianyang as the center and extending in all directions, similar to modern expressways. Has it been achieved? Cars on the same track? , are fifty paces wide. Chidao has several functions, one is to facilitate traffic and management of the old places of the six countries, the other is to facilitate the supply of the front line of the northern war, and the third is to facilitate the smooth inspection of the first emperor. Except for Qin Zhi Road and Qin Plank Road, most of them were built on the basis of Qin's hometown, the old roads in the Six Kingdoms and the roads built during Qin's conquest of the Six Kingdoms. The famous lanes include Shang Jun Road, Linjin Road, Dongfang Road, Wuguan Road, Qinplank Road, West Road and Qin Zhi Road. [69] After Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries, in order to facilitate the transportation of troops and materials needed to conquer Lingnan, he ordered Shilu to dig a canal to connect the Xiangjiang River in the Yangtze River system with the Lijiang River in the Pearl River system. The canal finally ended in the twentieth to twenty-third years of Qin Shihuang (2 19 BC? Before 2 15). Lingqu is one of the oldest canals in the world. It has been the main waterway transportation route between Lingnan and the Central Plains for more than two thousand years. Therefore, the project is one of the national key cultural relics protection units.

nation

Before Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he paid attention to the rule of ethnic minorities in southwest, southeast and northwest regions, thus strengthening the political and cultural ties of a multi-ethnic unified country dominated by the Chinese nation. After reunification, officials were set up in the southwest minority areas, making them a part of Qin State. In order to strengthen the connection between the central plains and the southwest, a five-foot wide plank road (called? Five feet? ), running through the north and south. After the Qin Dynasty destroyed Chu, it further unified the southeast Yue nationality area, and established Minzhong County (now Fuzhou, Fujian) in the land of Dongou and Minyue. Subsequently, Qin Shihuang ordered Tu Youyou to lead a 500,000-strong army south in five ways, going deep into today's Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangxi and other places. In order to transport rations, Qin Shihuang ordered the army to dig a canal to connect the traffic between Xiangjiang River and Lijiang River, a tributary of Gui Jiang. At the same time, poor people and indebted couples were sent to support the war, and finally South Vietnam and Xi 'ou were unified, and Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun County were built. Since then, these areas have become the territory of Qin. At the end of the Warring States period, a powerful nomadic tribe, Xiongnu, rose from west to north and headed for Toumancheng, north of Yinshan Mountain (now the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain in the northeast of Wuyuan, Inner Mongolia). Its leader, Tou Man Khan, often used fast cavalry to plunder food and people in the Central Plains and burned farmhouses. King Wuling of Zhao therefore took defensive measures and immigrated to reclaim land. But still can't stop the Huns from going south, and Jiuyuan Henan (referring to the south of the Yellow River) was occupied by them. In the first 22 1 year, 30,000 households moved to Yuzhong, Hebei Province for reclamation. At the same time, on the basis of the Northern Great Wall of Qin, Zhao and Yan, a 5,000-mile Great Wall was built. From Shang Dynasty to Shang Dynasty, culture declined and characters became popular. As an official language, bronze inscriptions are relatively consistent in form. However, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were regional differences in folk characters, such as weapons, Wen Tao, silk books and bamboo slips. This situation has hindered the economic and cultural exchanges between different places, and also affected the effective implementation of policies and decrees of the central government. So, after Qin unified the Central Plains, Qin Shihuang ordered Li Si and others to sort out the unified characters.

On the basis of the big seal script commonly used by Qin people in the Warring States Period, Lisi absorbed the advantages of the tadpole book stick figure popular in Qilu and other places, and created a new seal script with unified shape and neat strokes, called? Qin Zhuan? Also known as? Xiao zhuan? , as the official standard text, while abolishing other variants. In addition, an official named Cheng Miao was detained in Yunyang for committing a crime. During his 10 years in prison, he changed the font evolution at that time (later called? Change? ), make a summary. This move was appreciated by Qin Shihuang, so he was released, promoted to suggestion and ordered? Book ordering? , develop a new font, that is? Official script? . Official script broke the tradition of ancient Chinese characters, laid the foundation of regular script and improved the writing efficiency. Qin Shihuang ordered the unification and simplification of scripts, which is a summary of the development and evolution of ancient scripts in China, and also a major script reform, which played an important role in the cultural development of China.

society

homotopy

? Homotopy? It is to change customs and establish a unified moral code and code of conduct. The Qin dynasty also attached great importance to it. For example, in the 28th year of Qin Shihuang (2 19 BC), Qin Shihuang came to the foot of Mount Tai. This used to be the hometown of Qi, so-called? State of etiquette? . Qin Shihuang asked people to write on the carved stone of Mount Tai that men and women have clear boundaries, treat each other with courtesy, treat women internally and treat men externally, and do their part, thus setting a good example for future generations and being commended. In the thirty-seventh year of the First Emperor (265,438+00 BC), the inscription left by Huiji Stone severely lashed out at the prevailing local lewd wind, and corrected the custom of lax prevention for men and women in wuyue by killing adulterers.

Cars on the same track

During the Warring States period, vehicles in different countries had different shapes. After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, the width of the car was set at six feet, and one car could pass through the whole country.

Historical evaluation

Although the Qin Dynasty only lasted 15 years, the ruling mode established by Qin Shihuang continued. Qin Shihuang was the main designer of centralized feudal monarchy in China for more than 2,000 years, and his influence was far-reaching and extensive, which was unmatched by any other emperor. In the history of the world, many emperors created a huge empire, but their actual influence could not be compared with that of Qin Shihuang. Historically, the population of China has accounted for more than 20% of the world's population. If it has an important influence on China, it can be regarded as an important influence on the world. Moreover, due to centralization and loyalty to the monarch, the emperor's influence on the history of China was far greater than that of many other countries. Thus, Qin Shihuang played a vital role in China and even the world.