What is the Australian law?

The Australian federal government is based on a parliament elected by universal suffrage. Parliament is bicameral-the House of Representatives and the Senate. All political parties (or coalitions of political parties) that have obtained a majority of seats in the House of Representatives form a federal government, and cabinet ministers are elected from the Senate and the House of Representatives. The prime minister is not directly elected by the people, but appointed by a political party with a balance of power in the House of Representatives. Members of the House of Representatives must seek re-election at every federal election. Senators are elected for a term of six years. In general elections, only half of them re-run. In Australia's parliaments at all levels, members can surprise and ask questions. During the parliamentary questioning time (when the minister answers the questions raised by the House of Representatives), there is a strict arrangement for taking turns to ask questions between the government and the opposition party. During the questioning and debate, those scenes with harsh wording and ups and downs will be broadcast live and widely reported. This practice has earned Australia a reputation for a sound public debate mechanism, and at the same time it has constituted an informal constraint on the power of the executive branch. Although Australia is an independent country, Queen Elizabeth II is still the constitutional monarch of Australia. On the proposal of the elected Australian government, the Queen appointed the Governor of Australia as her representative in Australia. The Governor appoints cabinet ministers on the proposal of the Prime Minister; Traditionally, the governor only acts according to the opinions of ministers in all matters. Australia has a written constitution. The Constitution clearly defines the functions of the federal government, including foreign affairs, trade, national defense and immigration. State and territorial governments are responsible for matters outside the scope of the federal government. In fact, the two levels of government cooperate in many fields. Income tax is levied by the federal government, and the debate among governments at all levels around the acquisition of tax revenue and the duplication of expenditure functions is a long-lasting feature of Australian politics. The term of office for electing the Australian federal government is up to three years, counting from the first meeting of the new federal parliament. However, the Prime Minister can ask the Governor for an early general election. On may 9, 191, the first federal parliament was launched, and 41 house of representatives elections have been held so far; The latest federal election took place in October 24. Australia has a compulsory election system. Although only a small amount of fines were imposed on those who failed to fulfill their voting obligations, more than 9% of voters voted. For the purpose of the federal election, the whole country is divided into constituencies. Australian voters choose among candidates representing their constituencies. When electing the House of Representatives, there is only one seat in each constituency, and Australian voters must indicate the choice order of all candidates with numbers on their ballots. If the first vote of all candidates does not exceed 5%, then the candidate with the least votes will be eliminated first, and then the votes will be redistributed among other candidates according to the second choice marked by voters on the ballot. This process will continue until a candidate gets more than 5% of the votes. In order to help their supporters correctly mark the election order, political parties have distributed "how to conduct elections" cards at polling places. The order of choice lost by less popular candidates often determines who can win. Vote distribution often takes days or even weeks. When electing senators, States or regions have multiple seats, but they also use the same election method. Like other democracies, in Australia, the campaign cost and the source of funds for political activities are a big concern. Since 1984, Australia has established a system in which the election campaign is funded by the public and the election situation is open. To obtain the public funds managed by the Australian Election Commission, the political parties participating in the election must obtain at least 4% of the votes in the election. Legal system Australia's legal system is based on the rule of law and justice and the concept of equality before the law. In Australia's common law system, procedural fairness, judicial precedent, anticipatory legislation and decentralization are all basic principles. In Australia, the federal and state legal systems reflect the separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers. The state legislature can legislate on any matter related to the state where it is located. However, effective federal laws can overturn state laws within the limits of constitutional power. The judiciary is independent of legislation and administration. Judges are independent of the government when interpreting and applying laws. The term of office of federal judges is guaranteed by the Constitution. In all states and regions, the tenure of judges is guaranteed by law. The High Court of Australia is the final court of appeal for all matters, whether they belong to the federal or state jurisdiction, and the federal parliament has the power to give the state courts federal jurisdiction according to the constitutional authorization.