What is the history of Korea?

Dangun, the legendary ancestor of Korea, made Pyongyang his capital in 2333 BC, and his country was called Korea (ancient Korea). Then it went through the Three Kingdoms (Silla, Koguryo, Baekje) period-1century-667 AD, the unified Silla period (668-935), the Koryo dynasty period (9 18- 1392) and the Li dynasty period (/.

In this historical process, South Korea, as a weak country, suffered hundreds of invasions by foreign powers, among which the war that brought profound disasters to the people at that time was 1592 to 1597 when Japan invaded Korea. Through the historical development of North Korea, we can feel the national characteristics formed in its historical development. The troubled history and special geographical environment have created indomitable and persevering Koreans.

Koryo dynasty (9 18- 1392)

Although the Korean peninsula is frequently invaded by foreign countries, it has been ruled by a single government since the reunification of Silla in 668, maintaining political independence, culture and national traditions. The Koryo dynasty (9 18- 1392) and the Korean dynasty (1392- 19 10) all consolidated political power, developed culture, and expelled the invasion of foreign nationalities such as Khitan, Mongolia and Japan. Wang Jian, the founding monarch of the Koryo dynasty, was a general under a rebellious prince in Silla. He chose his hometown of Song Yue (now Kaicheng) as the capital, and claimed to recover Koguryo's lost land in Le Lang. He named his kingdom Koryo, hence the name of Korea. Although the Korean dynasty finally failed to realize its desire to recover lost land, it achieved brilliant cultural achievements, and its invention of celadon and the prosperity of Buddhism were widely known. Equally important, as early as 1234, that is, two centuries before Gutenberg, Koreans invented the earliest metal movable type printing in the world. Around this period, Korean craftsmen also completed the arduous task of carving all Buddhist scriptures on large wooden blocks. There are as many as 80 thousand pieces of wood engraved with Buddhist scriptures, with the aim of praying for Buddha's blessing to repel the Mongolian invasion. These woodcut prints, known as the Koryo Tripitaka, are now collected in the historic Haiyin Temple.

At the end of the Korean dynasty, the conflict between scholar-officials and warriors and the struggle between Confucianism and Buddhism led to the decline of the Korean dynasty. Mongols invaded Korea in 123 1 year. Although the Korean people fought bravely against the Mongols, Korea remained a vassal state of Mongolia for nearly a century.

Lee's Korean period (1392- 19 10)

1392, General Li Chenggui established a new dynasty-Korea. In order to eliminate the dominant influence of Buddhism in Korea, the early rulers of South Korea replaced Buddhism with Confucianism. The rulers of North Korea govern the country with a mature and steady political system of the golden mean, and the imperial examination system is the main way to choose officials. During this period, imperial examinations became an important factor in social movements and cultural activities. At that time, society advocated the study of knowledge and despised industry and commerce.

During the reign of the fourth generation of Wang Shizong in North Korea (14 18- 1450), the country's culture and art gained unprecedented prosperity. At the initiative of King Sejong, scholars from royal academic institutions created Korean characters, that is, "training people to correct their pronunciation". King Sejong attached great importance to astronomy. Sundial, water leakage, astronomical chart and celestial globe were all created with his encouragement. Later, he passed the throne to his son Wenzong (1450- 1452 reigned). 1452 Wenzong died, and the prince who was only 1 1 years old succeeded to the throne. 1455, the uncle of Duanzong, Shouyang Dajun, usurped the young king's throne and became the King of Sai-jo (1455- 1468). He improved his dominant position by advocating Confucianism. Since then, Confucianism has dominated the Korean way of life.

General Li Shunchen.

1592, Japan invaded Korea and prepared to launch a war of aggression against China. At sea, General Li Shunchen (1545- 1598), one of the most respected figures in Korean history, commanded the "Turtle Boat" to fight against the Japanese army and won a series of brilliant victories. This "turtle ship" is considered to be the earliest armored warship in the world. On land, the armies of peasants and monks who volunteered to fight in the war also heroically killed the enemy. 1598, with the death of Japanese envoy Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the Japanese army began to retreat and the war finally ended. However, this war left disastrous consequences for Korea and China in the Ming Dynasty. During the war, a large number of Korean craftsmen, including ceramic craftsmen, were robbed to Japan.

Japanese Rules (19 10- 1945)

/kloc-In the 20th century, South Korea remained "closed to the outside world" and resolutely opposed the establishment of diplomatic relations and trade with the West. Since then, some Asian and European countries with imperialist ambitions have competed to exert influence on the Korean Peninsula. 19 10, Japan occupied Korea and began colonial rule.

Japanese colonial rule inspired the patriotism of the Korean people. The Japanese assimilation policy of prohibiting Koreans from teaching in Korean in schools angered Korean intellectuals. 1 965438+In March 20091day, Koreans held nationwide protests, and thousands of people died.

Trinity independence movement

Although the "March 1 independence movement" failed, it strengthened the unity of the Korean nation and inspired the spirit of patriotism. This movement led to the establishment of provisional Korean governments in China and Shanghai, and organized an armed struggle against Japanese colonialists in Manchuria. The Korean people still commemorate the "March 1 independence movement" every year and make it a national holiday.

1945 Before Japan was defeated in World War II, the Korean people lived a miserable life under Japanese colonial rule. During the colonial rule, Japanese rulers plundered South Korea and its people economically. While Japan became rich because of the wealth plundered from South Korea, the living standards of the Korean people deteriorated day by day.

Republic of Korea period (1945, 8- present)

On August 1945 and 15, the Korean people happily ushered in the national recovery, but they were not happy for long. Because the recovery did not bring the goal that the Korean people bravely struggled to achieve, that is, national independence. On the contrary, a divided country with ideological conflicts has emerged. As the United States entered and controlled the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and the Soviet Union controlled the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, the efforts made by the Korean people to establish an independent country were in vain. In June 1947+0 1, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution demanding that the Korean Peninsula hold a national election under the supervision of a United Nations committee.

However, the Soviet Union refused to implement United Nations resolutions and refused to allow United Nations committees to enter North Korea. Therefore, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a new resolution calling for holding elections where the committee can reach. South Korea's first election was held in May 1948, south of the 38th parallel. This line ruthlessly divides the Korean peninsula into north and south.