Geographical knowledge points in the second volume of the seventh grade of Hunan Education Edition

Wisdom is the combination of knowledge, courage, consciousness and a grasp of the objective world. Knowledge, profound knowledge is the foundation, courage is the sublimation of vision, mind, temperament, judgment and ability, and it is the performance of mastering territory. Next, I will share with you some geography knowledge of the seventh grade of Hunan Education Edition, hoping to help you. Welcome to read!

Geography knowledge of the seventh grade in Hunan Education Edition 1

Africa (textbook P 13- 19) Figure 6- 16- 17 6-24

1, Country: At present, there are 60 countries and regions in Africa, which is the continent with the largest number of countries and regions in the world;

Geographical location: ① Latitude location: The Tropic of Cancer runs through the north and south, and the equator runs through the middle, mostly in the tropics.

② Land and sea location: the Indian Ocean in the east, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Mediterranean Sea in the north;

(3) Relative position: located in the western part of the Eastern Hemisphere, across the north and south of the equator;

3, Africa's topography, climate, rivers, resources:

Terrain: ① Plateau-dominated terrain, known as "plateau continent"; ② The terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest;

Climate: ① The climate is generally hot, so it is called "tropical continent"; The distribution of precipitation is uneven, and the arid area is the largest in the world;

(3) The climate types are distributed symmetrically in the north and south; The savanna is the largest area of all continents.

Rivers: ① Nile, the longest river in the world, flows into the Mediterranean from south to north;

② Congo River-mainly flows through the tropical rain forest climate zone near the equator, with the second largest water volume in the world; Rich in hydraulic resources

Resources: Africa has a vast territory and rich products, and is known as the "rich continent". The reserves and output of diamonds, gold, chromite and phosphate are among the highest in the world.

4. The highest in Africa: the roof of Africa-the highest peak in Africa on the Ethiopian plateau-Kilimanjaro (known as the "equatorial snow peak" because of its high altitude) The longest river in the world-the largest basin of the Nile-the largest desert in the Congo basin-the longest rift valley in the Sahara desert-the Great Rift Valley in East Africa.

/5. Economy in urgent need of development: ① Africa is the continent with the lowest level of economic development and the highest natural population growth rate in the world. ② Corn is the staple food of rural residents, but wheat and rice are not self-sufficient.

Hunan education printing plate seventh grade geography knowledge II

West Asia (textbook P47-53) Figure 7-2 1 7-24 7-29

1. The reasons why West Asia has become a long-term hot spot are: ① important geographical location; ② Abundant petroleum resources; ③ Lack of water resources; ④ Cultural differences;

2. Geographical location: Located in five seas and three continents. Three continents: Asia, Europe and Africa; Five seas: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea (inland lake), Arabian Sea and Red Sea;

3. Climate and agriculture in West Asia: The main climate type is tropical desert climate. Therefore, under the condition of arid natural environment, animal husbandry and irrigated agriculture have been developed. Agriculture is mainly distributed in valley plains and oases in deserts. Israel's water-saving agriculture is very prominent. Animal husbandry is a traditional economic sector in many countries in West Asia. The famous agricultural products are ① Turkey: Ankara wool; ② Afghanistan: purple lamb skin; ③ Afghanistan and Iran: wool carpets; (4) Iraq-date palms;

4. West Asia is the region with the largest oil reserves and the largest oil production and output in the world. Oil is mainly distributed in the Persian Gulf and its coastal areas. Important oil producing countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia. Mainly exported to western Europe, the United States, Japan and other developed countries;

5. Oil transportation route (see textbook P52 on the back of the map): West Line (to Western Europe and the United States) 1: Persian Gulf-the Strait of Hormuz-Arabian Sea-Red Sea-Suez Canal-Mediterranean Sea-Gibraltar Strait-Atlantic Ocean-(Western Europe and the United States). 2. Persian Gulf-the Strait of Hormuz-Arabian Sea-Indian Ocean-Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa-Atlantic Ocean-(Western Europe, USA). Eastern route (to Japan): Persian Gulf-the Strait of Hormuz-Arabian Sea-Indian Ocean-Malacca Strait-Pacific Ocean-(Japan)

6. West Asia is dominated by Arabs, belonging to the white race, speaking Arabic and believing in Islam.

Hunan education printing plate, seventh grade, second volume, geographical knowledge 3

Japan (textbook P69-75) Figure 8- 1

1, capital: Tokyo

/2. The four major islands of Japan are Hokkaido, Honshu (the largest), Shikoku and Kyushu from north to south.

3. Japan's land and sea location: It is located in the east of Asia, bordering the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Sea of Japan in the west.

As a mountainous island country, 3/4 of its territory is mountains and hills. Kanto Plain is the largest plain in Japan.

5. Right (see the back of the picture): Japan's A Sea, B Pacific neighbors, C Russia, D China, E North Korea.

6. The symbol of Japan: Mount Fuji; National flower: cherry blossoms; Most of them are Yamato people; Cultural characteristics: Eastern and Western cultures are compatible.

7. Japanese climate: ① temperate monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon climate; ② The oceanic features of climate are obvious;

8. Japan has a large population, few mineral resources and many volcanoes and earthquakes-reason: Japan is located at the junction of the Asia-Europe plate and the Pacific plate (the volcanic earthquake belt around the Pacific Ocean).

9. Japanese agriculture: the cultivated land area is small, the agricultural labor force is insufficient, the development of biotechnology and water conservancy is emphasized, small machinery is used, and the technology content is high;

10. Japanese industry is characterized by importing raw materials and fuels and exporting industrial products, forming an "import-processing-export" economy.

The industrial zones are mainly distributed along the Pacific coast and the Seto Inland Sea coast. The reasons are as follows: ① There are many excellent ports and convenient maritime traffic. (2) It is conducive to the import of industrial raw materials and the export of industrial products; ③ The coastal plain is flat and has a large population.

1 1. Advantages of Japan's economic development: ① There are many good coastal ports and convenient transportation; (2) Strong scientific and technological strength; ③ High-quality labor force;

Disadvantages: ① Poor mineral resources; ② Small domestic market and strong dependence on foreign countries;

Two. Egypt and Egypt (textbook P76-80) Figure 8- 13 Capital: Cairo.

1. Egypt spans Asia and Africa, most of which is located in the northeast of Africa, and Sinai Peninsula belongs to Asia.

2. Religion: Islam; Language: Arabic; Capital: Cairo, the largest city in Africa.

3. Climate: The Mediterranean coast in northern Egypt has a Mediterranean climate; Most areas have a tropical desert climate, which is hot and dry all year round. The Nile is the longest river in the world, which flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

4. Historical sites: pyramids, Luxor Temple, Sphinx, mummies, etc.

5. Develop industry and agriculture: agriculture is concentrated in the Nile valley and delta. The output and export of long-staple cotton rank first in the world.

Hunan education printing plate, seventh grade, volume 2, geographical knowledge 4

Russia (textbook P8 1-85) Figure 8-23 8-26 6-9

1, capital and largest industrial city: Moscow.

Russia is the largest country in the world. Russian is widely used, white, mainly believing in Orthodox Church. Traditionally belonging to European countries, it is the only country that spans Asia, Europe and the eastern and western hemispheres.

3. Russia is dominated by temperate continental climate: winter is long and cold, and summer is short and cool.

4. The Volga River, the longest river in Europe, flows through the eastern European plain and flows into the Caspian Sea. The reasons for the low shipping value of many rivers in Russia are: the long ice age of rivers caused by the long cold winter; Along the way, the economy is underdeveloped and the population is sparse; The country has the deepest and most fresh water lake in the world: Lake Baikal. There is the largest sub-frigid coniferous forest in the world.

5. The terrain is high in the east and low in the west, and the terrain is mainly plains and plateaus. From west to east: Eastern Europe Plain, Western Siberia Plain, Central Siberia Plateau and Eastern Siberia Mountain; (Three dividing lines in topographic area-Yenisei River ob river in Ural Mountains)

6. Russia's natural resources: large reserves and high degree of self-sufficiency, of which oil, natural gas, coal, iron, gold and copper are among the highest in the world, iron in Kursk, coal in Kuzbas, TNK and oil in Baku; The Ural Mountains are rich in nonferrous metal minerals.

7. Russian agriculture: mainly distributed in the Volga River basin and the Don River basin in the eastern European plain;

8. The four major industrial zones in Russia are: St. Petersburg Industrial Zone, Moscow Industrial Zone, Ural Industrial Zone and Novosibirsk Industrial Zone from west to east.

9. Russia's transportation is mainly railway transportation. The Siberian Railway spans Eurasia and is known as the "First Eurasian Continental Bridge". St Petersburg, the second largest city, is Russia's largest port in the Baltic Sea. An ice-free port along the Arctic Ocean: Murmansk.

Hunan education printing plate seventh grade second volume geography knowledge 5

The United States (textbook P90-96) Figure 8-39 8-40 6-44

1, capital: Washington's largest city: new york.

/2. Geographical location of the United States: The United States is a North American country spanning North America and Oceania, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Arctic Ocean in the north; Trans-tropical, North Temperate and North Cold Zone; The territory of the United States includes the mainland and two overseas States: Alaska and Hawaii.

3. The three major terrain areas in the United States: the west-the northern part of the Cordillera Mountains (composed of coastal mountains and rocky mountains). ), the great plains in the middle and the low Appalachian mountains in the east;

The longest river in America is Mississippi, which is the fourth longest river in the world after Nile, Amazon and Yangtze. Flowing from north to south into the Gulf of Mexico.

The largest freshwater lake group in the world is the Great Lakes Group, which is known as "North America Mediterranean". The largest freshwater lake in the world is Lake Superior, and Lake Michigan is all in the United States.

6. Specialization, mechanization and commercialization of production areas are the characteristics of American agriculture. The United States is the country that exports the most grain in the world, but it also needs to import tropical agricultural products such as coffee, cocoa and natural rubber, because the United States lacks a tropical climate. Distribution of agricultural belt: dairy belt-distributed in the northeast because of flat terrain; Fertile soil; A warm and cool climate is conducive to pasture growth; Dense population, large demand for dairy products;

7. Three major industrial areas and major industrial centers in the United States: ① Northeast: Washington (the capital); New york (the largest city and port in the United States); Chicago (transportation center); Detroit (automobile industry center); Pittsburgh (steel industry center). ② Western coastal areas: Seattle (aircraft manufacturing); San Francisco (Silicon Valley, the largest high-tech industrial zone in the world); Los Angeles (Hollywood, the largest port city on the Pacific coast of the United States); ③ Southern region: Houston (aerospace, petroleum)

8. The United States is an immigrant country with the third largest population in the world, mostly white, followed by black. Speaking English, the indigenous people are Indians (yellow people). Cities where Chinese in the United States live in concentrated communities: San Francisco, new york and Los Angeles;

9. In the American economy, the service industry accounts for a large proportion (about 3/4 of the country's labor force is engaged in the service industry); Tourism-Yellowstone National Park, Colorado Grand Canyon, Hawaii, etc.

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