What are the economic and political consequences of the inflow and outflow of international labor mobility in Congress?

International labor mobility can equalize the wage levels of the two countries;

For emigrating countries, it will increase the real wage level and reduce the national income;

For immigrant countries, the real wage level drops and the national income increases;

Total world income has increased.

Political consequences:

Racial discrimination, a policy introduced by various governments to restrict or attract labor mobility.

International labor mobility refers to the migration of labor between countries, generally involving the change of labor nationality, which can be permanent (such as immigration) or temporary (called temporary labor mobility). Therefore, international labor mobility will definitely involve the flow of people between countries. Although many people in China's theoretical circles advocate that the personnel and processing and assembly business employed by foreign-funded enterprises in the host country should also be included in the scope of international labor mobility, such business is usually not included in international labor mobility.

International service trade is only the international trade of intangible goods "services", which does not necessarily involve the international movement of people. For example, some international banking services, information services, communication services and so on. However, the vast majority of international trade in services will involve the international movement of people, which is quite different from that caused by international labor. First of all, the flow of people caused by the international labor movement is one-way, that is, from the labor-exporting country to the labor-importing country, while the flow of people involved in international service trade is two-way, that is, service providers can provide services to service-receiving countries, while service recipients enjoy services at home, such as singers' performances abroad; It can also be that service providers provide services in their own countries, while service recipients go abroad to consume services, such as international tourism. Secondly, the flow of people caused by international service trade does not involve the change of the employment situation of immigrants like the international labor flow. As a domestic labor force, service providers provide services to foreign residents, so the flow of people at this time is commercial. For example, if an engineer is employed by a foreign company and goes abroad to work for the company, it is international labor mobility, because at this time, the engineer has at least temporarily become a foreign labor force, but if the engineer only goes to a foreign company to provide some consulting or technical training services, finally, because the international flow of people caused by international service trade is commercial, the duration of this flow will naturally be much shorter than that of people involved in international labor mobility. It is generally believed that only those personnel movements that last less than six months can be regarded as international service trade. As a matter of fact, the international labor mobility usually takes more than 1 year (which is also the time standard for judging "residents" and "non-residents" in balance of payments statistics), while the international service trade mostly involves only a few days or months.