Stories of celebrities in Linqu and feelings after reading the stories

Feng Weimin (1511 ~ about 1580), a Sanqu writer in the Ming Dynasty. The name is Ruxing and the name is Haifu. A native of Linqu, Shandong. Since childhood, he traveled with his father to Nanjing, Pingliang, Shiqian and other places. Smart and studious, Feng Weimin's hometown - Linqu was full of talent. Together with his brothers Weijian, Weizhong and younger brother Weina, he was famous for his poetry in Qilu, and was called "Lin Feng Weimin Qu Si Feng" at that time. In the 16th year of Emperor Shizong's Jiajing reign (1537), he failed to win the imperial examination in the provincial examination and stayed at home for 25 years. He once offended Shandong Inspector Duan Gu Yan and was arrested and punished. Later he was appointed magistrate of Laishui County. Because he punished "rich people" and was not tolerated by the powerful clan, he was criticized everywhere. He was relegated to Zhenjiang Prefecture as a professor, and moved to Baoding Prefecture as a general judge. At the end of 1571 (the fifth year of Longqing), he was transferred to the Lu Prince's Palace for trial. He resigned but did not take up his post. . In the spring of the next year, he abandoned his official position and returned to Linqu, where he built the "Jijiangnan" pavilion on the bank of Laolong Bay at the foot of Haifu Mountain. Because he was called a Haifushan native, he drank wine and chanted with his friends every day, devoted himself to creation, and spent the rest of his life. His works include "Haifushantang Ci Manuscript" and "Shimen Collection", and he was the main editor of Jiajing's "Linqu County Chronicles" and Wanli's "Baoding General Chronicles", among which there are many excellent works that uphold justice and respect historical facts. The collection of Sanqu that had greater influence on later generations is "Haifushantang Ci Manuscript", among which "The Suffering of Farmers", "Sorrow for the Rain", "Reflections on Cutting Wheat", etc., reflect his understanding of the hidden people and his sympathy for the suffering of farmers. . Other works satirize corruption, ridicule abuse, expose abuses, or expose evil, and they are all works to warn the world and awaken the people. Therefore, Wang Shizhen commented that his Sanqu was "uniquely outstanding". His Zaju "Monk and Nun Prisoner", through the story of a monk and a nun having an affair and later being judged as husband and wife by the government, pointed out that "men and women living in the same room are the great ethics of human beings" and "passing down the descendants and multiplying to this day" is a matter of course. He used this to openly declare war on false Taoism. He was born in an eunuch family, and it is difficult to escape the habits of a noble son. Among his works, there are also some romantic works. Edit this paragraph Life story Feng Weimin was born in his father Feng Yu's office in Jinzhou. Later, he moved with his father from Jinzhou to Nanjing, from Nanjing to Pingliang in Gansu Province, and from Gansu to Shiqian in Guizhou Province. During his youth, he had traveled more than half of China. . Feng Yu was a Zhengde Jinshi and knew the joys and hardships of studying. Therefore, he personally taught Brother Feng Weimin's studies no matter when he was away from tedious official duties or during a tiring journey. However, Feng Weimin was talented and talented, and his articles were helped by Jiang Shan. "Although he was so elegant and magnificent, he already shocked the elders." ("Yidu County Chronicles·Feng Weimin Biography") In the 16th year of Jiajing reign of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty (1531), Feng Weimin He participated in the provincial examination for the first time and was deeply appreciated by the portrait of Wang Shenzhong, the school inspector and the famous writer Wang Shenzhong. Since then, repeated attempts have failed. So he was angry at the corruption of the imperial examination system and refused to be an official, so he lived in seclusion. However, he did not forget the reality, so he was able to write the order "The Palace is Upright and Xu Wo Pavilion Returns to the Fields", which sharply criticized the reality of officialdom. This kind of passion is by no means a temporary emotional impulse, but like a volcano that is always active, forming hot magma from time to time, and is expressed through his sanqu. This long-term burst formed the basic theme of his Sanqu creation and shaped his bold and unrestrained creative style. During his period of "lying in the deep rocks of the forest", he sang poems and drank wine with his friends Xu Wo Ting, Xie Shaoxi and others. "Nanlu Yizhihua·Xie Shaoxi Returns to the Fields" describes the scene at that time: "I have spent thirty years in the corridors and temples to share my worries, and I am preparing to travel thousands of miles across lakes and seas. I don't like the high-ranking officials, the sheep and the cauldron ringing the bell, and I don't hate home-cooked meals and coarse tea. The light porridge is not too much for the small village Wabo Ci Ou. The painting building and the painting hall are used to mediate the leisure time. Three glasses of wine and a few poems. Sometimes I can't stay high in the east mountain, and I want to look back in anger. Words that are out of touch with the world and transcend the world. At this time, Li Kaixian also resigned from his post and returned to his hometown, Zhangqiu Xiushui. Li Kaixian was a master of Sanqu in the Ming Dynasty, and he was proficient in all arts. He also had a library of ten thousand volumes at home, which contained many secret books in the world. Feng Weimin met Li Kaixian in Beijing. When he returned, he happily went to pay him a visit and wrote "Xianlu Dianjianglip: Preface to Li Zhonglu's Return to the Fields". During the conversation with Li Zhonglu, he firmly believed in literature that "poetry comes from nature and exists in the person; voice and politics are related to the customs", and opposed the retroism trend promoted by the seven scholars before and after him. In order to practice his literary ideas, he once composed 6 Sanqu and Xiaoling poems in "Imitation Zhonglu Style", which are simple, simple and natural. Whispering in the wind and moon, Feng Weimin has not forgotten the world; fleeing to the mountains and forests, Feng Weimin cannot escape the control of current affairs. Mao Peng, one of the "Four Jinshi", governed Shandong and had quite a political reputation. However, Duan Guyan, who succeeded him, opposed Mao Peng's methods and incited tyranny. Feng Weimin denounced Duan's cruelty, corruption, and cruelty in the article "Banshe teases children, God of Wealth complains about grievances, postscript", and also used Sanqu to order "The palace is upright, Lu Chunyang's three realms are in full view" and "Banshe teases children. "The Skeleton Complains of Injustice" and "Banshe Teases Children·The God of Wealth Complains of Injustice" satirize and expose. For example, he wrote about his corrupt face: "If you have money, please send it quickly. If you don't have money, don't panic. Find a way out and retract the confession. Steal a brick from my gold and silver bridge, and two oil jars by the water and fire stove. This is a folk metaphor for harsh government." , The firewood and charcoal are burned in the pit. If there is no such thing, take off a piece of clothing for me. Another example is the description of how he knocked on bones and sucked marrow, even reaching the withered bones: "The iron broom is the king of sweeping the floor, and the leather fence has made a cornucopia, hiding everything from the sky. It is difficult to escape from the den of a centipede, how can one escape from the lips of a wolf and tiger? The heart is still without moisture. The hair is counted at the root, and the teeth are searched in the teeth." ("Ban She teases the child: The God of Wealth complains about injustice") These three poems are full of laughter and scolding, and their writing is sharp, no doubt like a sword holding up the sky. , piercing the dark reality, making it the most glorious chapter with realistic fighting spirit in his Sanqu.

Throughout the Ming Dynasty's Sanqu creations, there are few comparable works. However, this angered Duan Gu Yan and put Feng Weimin behind bars. From then on, he determined to enter politics. At the age of 52, he went to the capital for election and was appointed magistrate of Laishui County. He seems to be very proud of himself and serves as an official from the perspective of "loyalty and service to the public." He fulfilled his promise and went to Laishui. "It will be a permanent regret to pay more attention to salary than to live with relatives. I will not bring my family with me, but only a child will accompany me" ("Preface to the First Autobiography of Yizhai in Zhenggong Duanzhao"). After he was appointed magistrate of Laishui County, he "administered the most important thing in the city"; even those who wanted to frame him had to admit: "At this point in the city, the ditches are well governed, and the roads are lush with trees. He said it was so, and it has changed a hundred miles away." ("Nanlu Yizhi" Flowers, County Officials Selling Willows, Appendix"). However, he was not used to bending the rules to please, and ignored the hints of asking for bribes, thus offending the imperial envoys and excusing him. Feng Weimin's creed of "loyalty and service to the public" was trampled. Because there was no evidence, Feng Weimin had to be moved to Jingkou and appointed as a professor at Zhenjiang University. Even though it was just a casual job, Feng Weimin took this opportunity to travel around Jinling and see the relics of the Six Dynasties, and the thoughts of "nothingness" and "for me" flooded again. During this period, I got to know more Sanqu masters like Jin Luan, and many of them sang and harmonized, but after all, it was "a sentence of sentiments about the Six Dynasties, and a piece of rise and fall through the ages" ("Huang Zhong Drunken Flower Yin·Hongjin Baiyu"), which prompted He returned to Linqu Yeyuan and once again danced in "Jian Jian lying on the deep rocks in the dense forest", and the content of his works was mostly pastoral scenery, clear mountains and rivers, etc. When Feng Weimin passed away, he composed a sanqu called "Drunk Taiping·Family Instructions", in which he warned his children to "stop risking their lives for greed", "to follow the laws of nature to make ends meet, and to take advantage of others to accept my stupidity", etc. This was probably his life-long principle in life. portrayal. Feng Weimin practiced justice throughout his life, and in the end he showed his righteousness to future generations. Although Feng Weimin died in his mountain home, his virtue and his shocking works made him famous far and wide. Edit this paragraph's writings: His writings include "Haifushantang Ci Manuscript" and "Shimen Collection", and he was the main editor of Jiajing's "Linqu County Chronicles", Wanli's "Baoding General Chronicles", etc., among which there are many excellent works that uphold justice and respect historical facts. Those who had greater influence on later generations include the collection of Sanqu "Haifushantang Ci Manuscript", and his "Farmer's Suffering", "Sorrow for the Rain", "Reflections on Cutting Wheat" in the "Complete Works of Feng Weimin", etc., which reflect his understanding of the hermitage of the people and his understanding of the plowing of wheat. Sympathy for the suffering of farmers. Other works satirize corruption, ridicule abuse, expose abuses, or expose evil. They are all works to warn the world and awaken the people. Therefore, Wang Shizhen commented that his Sanqu was "uniquely outstanding". His Zaju "Monk and Nun Prisoner", through the story of a monk and a nun having an affair and later being judged as husband and wife by the government, pointed out that "men and women live in the same room, human beings have a great relationship" and "their descendants are passed down and reproduced to this day", which is the right thing to do. He used this to openly declare war on false Taoism. He was born in an eunuch family, and it is difficult to escape the habits of a noble son. Among his works, there are also some romantic works. Feng Weimin's Sanqus were collected into "Haifushantang Ci Manuscript", and his entire poems and prose were collected into "Feng Haifu Collection". Among them, the play "Monk and Nun Prisoners" is particularly distinctive and is the literary symbol of the emergence of capitalism in the Ming Dynasty. The most profound reflection has epoch-making enlightenment significance. Although Feng Weimin had been an official for more than ten years, he was very frustrated due to the complicated official affairs. He expressed his cynical and leisurely feelings in his Sanqu, and his "Returning to the Fields" was written very sincerely. His Sanqu can break away from the stereotype of only writing about nostalgia for the past and being tired of the world, talking about Zen retreat, relaxation in the woods and springs, and the amorous feelings of men and women. He can expand the subject matter to all aspects of social life and enrich the content of his compositions. Cartoons that reflect the sufferings of the people First of all, some of his works expose political darkness and social ills. There are those that satirize the corruption and incompetence of the ruling group and confuse right and wrong, such as (Qingjiang Yin) "Eight Uses" and (Chao Tianzi) "Jie Guan Zhi She"; some denounce the crimes of corrupt officials, such as (Zui Taiping) "Li Zhonglu" "Night Talk at the Drunk Return Hall", (Xinshui Ling) "Ten Beauties Being Caned"; some expose the intrigues and deceptions in the upper class and the ignorance of the wise and the foolish, such as (Duanzhaozhao) "Xu Wo Pavilion Returns to the Fields", (Yizhi Hua) "To the Donkey" "Playing the Qin"; some expressed dissatisfaction with the imperial examination system, such as (Pin Die'er) "Resigning to the County Seal", (Order of Guilin) ??"Xia Di mocked a friend for riding a wheelbarrow"; there were also those who criticized the charlatans for cheating money and harming people, such as ( Chao Tianzi) "Four Techniques" and so on. Secondly, he also has many works that care about farming and sympathize with farmers, such as (Hu Shiba) "Reflections on Cutting Wheat", (Zhe Guiling) "Reflections on Cutting Grain", (quoted by Yujiang) "Farmer's Hardship", and " "Happy Rain", "Bitter Rain", "Bitter Wind", "Happy Sunny" (all of the above (Jade Hibiscus)), etc. In addition, he also has some compositions, such as (Duanzhao) "Lu Chunyang Three Worlds Overview", a three-part suite, which uses gods and ghosts to reflect the real society and express resentment. These works all show a certain depth of thought. However, articles such as "mockery" are decadent and reveal the negative side of the author. Edit this paragraph's achievements: The artistic style of Feng Weimin's sanqu is characterized by sincerity, clarity, boldness and unrestrainedness, but there are also fresh and graceful works. His works make extensive use of slang and proverbs, without pretense and with very few embellishments. They are humorous and lively, maintaining the popular and natural beauty of Sanqu. Cartoons that reflect the sufferings of the people. Sometimes he puts written words from classics, histories, chapters, and collections into music, and drives them around at will, making them natural and natural without any harshness. In short, from a basic aspect, his achievements far exceed those of his contemporaries, bringing Sanqu in the Ming Dynasty to a new peak. Commentators have always spoken highly of Feng's music. For example, Wang Shizhen said: "Northern Diao... In recent times, Feng Tong is very sensitive and outstanding. He is sharp-minded, business-minded, tight and slow, and he has done all the music, and his talent is sufficient." When it is issued, it stops with too much natural color and too many northern sounds, resulting in a white jade with slightly blemished ears.

"("Yi Yuan Yan") The artistic value of his Sanqu is mainly reflected in three aspects: a strong spirit of criticism of reality, a unique vision of material selection, and a bold and magnificent artistic style. These achievements make Feng Weimin a master of the bold school of Ming Sanqu. The figure established his historical position in the history of Chinese Sanqu. In the literary world of the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the traditional poetry creation was in decline, with narrow themes, elaborate forms, and low interest. Feng Weimin corrected the shortcomings of the times and moved up to the Yuan Dynasty. The fine tradition of early literature, using the musical form of Beiqu, created a large number of Sanqu works with profound thoughts, long-term inspiration, simple language, bold and vigorous style, and made important contributions to the development of our country's poetic literature.