What kind of country is the Vatican?

Vatican city state (Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae；; Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano), referred to as "Vatican", is an independent sovereign country and a capitalist country. Because it is bordered by Italy on all sides, it is called "China". At the same time, it is also the center of Catholicism in the world-the seat of the Holy See headed by the Pope, and the belief center of one sixth of the world's population.

Vatican is an inland city-state, located in the highland in the northwest corner of Rome, the capital of Italy. In short, Vatican City is the capital of the Vatican, that is, the country, so it is called "city-state". Vatican is also one of the countries with the smallest territory and the least population in the world. Its predecessor was the papal state. Since 1929, it has been determined as a sovereign state by Rutland Treaty, accepting the direct rule of the Holy See and implementing a political system of integrating politics and religion.

Since most of the administrative organs of the Holy See are located in the Vatican City, when people use this word, it may refer to the Vatican city-state, the Vatican region, the Vatican or the Pope's residence, depending on the occasion. Although the Vatican has not promulgated any laws on the official language, Italian is the most commonly used language. Before 2002, the Vatican often used the Italian lira and the Vatican lira as the common currency in its territory. After Italy joined the euro zone, the Vatican signed a special agreement with the European Union to issue a small number of coins minted by the Vatican for circulation and collection. Although the Vatican is a small country geographically, because of its large population in the world, Catholicism has the same important influence in the political and cultural fields as the United States, China and Russia.

Country name

Vatican City-State (English: Vatican City-State; Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano；; Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae). Vatican means "land of prophets" in Latin.

national flag

The Vatican national flag consists of two vertical rectangles with equal area, one side of the flagpole is yellow and the other side is white. White is also painted with the priest's badge: two cross keys of St. Peter and a triple crown of the Pope. Yellow and white are the colors of the two keys of St. Peter, the leader of the twelve apostles of Jesus, representing the two most precious metals: gold and silver; Judging from the color of the cap badge of the Swiss Holy Guard since February 1808. Pope Liang XII set this flag on 1825.

national emblem

The Vatican national emblem is the imperial emblem of Pope Pope Paul VI, with a red background. Red reminds people that it used to be the most dazzling color in the Catholic church. Giovanni Batista Mottini was elected Pope Pope Paul VI in 1963. The pattern of the papal emblem in Pope Paul VI includes the triple crown of the Pope and two crossed gold keys and silver keys.

The pope's triple crown is a combination of the bishop's crown and the secular crown. The Pope claims to be the representative of Christ in the world, and the Pope is the head of the Vatican. The triple crown represents the three supreme powers of the Pope: legislative power, judicial power and administrative power. These two gold and silver keys were given to St. Peter by Christ, symbolizing that all the power in heaven and earth was given to him. At the same time, it is accompanied by a passage from Matthew: "I will give you the key to the kingdom of heaven, and what you bind on earth will also be bound in heaven;" What you release on earth will also be released in heaven. "

national anthem

Pope March

You are Peter's Holy Throne, a jubilant and noble Rome. He once spilled Peter's blood, was awarded the key pope of heaven, was Peter's successor pope, was a mentor to strengthen all believers, was a servant of God, was a fisherman who caught people, was a shepherd who connected the Pope in heaven and the Pope on earth, was a living representative of Christ, was a haven in the storm, was a beacon in the dark, and was a guardian of peace for all. Pope, you are the cornerstone of the establishment of the church of God. The Pope, the living representative of Christ, is a haven in the storm, a beacon in the darkness, a guardian of peace, a guardian of all people, a watchman of freedom, a Rome full of authority and joy, and a noble Rome.

Government system

The Vatican is a country with a religious leadership system. The head of the Vatican, the Pope, is elected by cardinals under the age of 80 in the papal election of the Sistine Chapel, and his term of office can be life. Since the pope's term of office is lifelong, the election of a new pope will be held carefully only after the death or resignation of the former pope.

government

The Pope's advisory body is the College of Cardinals, which consists of cardinals, priests and deacons.

Under the Pope, there are ministers of state of the Holy See and 10 holy ministries, each of which is responsible for handling a special religious task. In addition, there are secretariats, courts and specialized offices.

Although the Vatican has a national form, its existence is based on the beliefs of members all over the world, so its political system is different from that of ordinary countries. Its central tissues include:

State Council: responsible for managing the affairs of the Holy See and the Pontifical Council, headed by the Minister of State. The current Secretary of State, Cardinal Bertone, is Italian. The State Council consists of the General Affairs Department (responsible for internal affairs), the Foreign Affairs Department (responsible for foreign affairs) and nine sacred departments: the Ministry of Belief, the Oriental Church, the Ministry of Etiquette and Sacraments, the Ministry of canonization of saints, the Bishop Department, the Ministry of Evangelism of all ethnic groups, the Ministry of clergy, the Convening Department and the Ministry of Education.

Courts: Holy Parole, Supreme Court and Holy Wheel Court.

1 1 Pontifical Council: lay Committee, Christian Solidarity Promotion Committee, Family Committee, Justice and Peace Committee, Unity Committee, Immigration and Tourism Committee, Medical Pastoral Committee, Code Interpretation Committee, Religious Consultative Committee, Culture Committee and Mass Communication Committee (most of the above institutions are headed by cardinals for a term of five years).

Agencies: the Holy See Finance Bureau, the Holy See Property Management Bureau, the Holy See Economic Affairs Bureau, the Holy See Interior Management Office, the Holy See Etiquette Office and the committees responsible for specific affairs. In addition, the Pope has an Pontifical Council of Vatican City-States to manage the Vatican City-States.

The Holy See is the official name used by the Pope and his advisers to issue instructions to Catholic churches around the world. As the "central government" of the global Catholic Church, the Holy See enjoys the same status as a sovereign state, and can sign international treaties or join international organizations as a sovereign state. The Pope authorized the Bishops' Committee to be responsible for the daily affairs of the Vatican. The Vatican's legal system is based on the canon of the church. When the Catholic canon does not apply, Roman law is used. As a sovereign country, the Holy See can send diplomatic envoys to other sovereign countries (for example, ministers of the Holy See and ambassadors of the Holy See). ), you can also accept diplomatic envoys sent by other countries. However, due to the small size of the country, diplomatic envoys from other countries sent to the Vatican usually set up embassies in Rome. An interesting result of this is that the Italian Embassy in the Holy See is located in Italy.

Political heavyweight

Pope Francisco (Chinese name Francis, Latin: Franciscus I, Italian: Francisco, Spanish: Francisco, English: Francis I,193665438+February 17-), an Argentine. He is the 266th Catholic Pope and the head of state of Vatican City. Real name is Jorge Mario Bergoglio. On March 20 13, he was elected as the Catholic Pope, and he ascended the throne on March 19 of the same year.

The Pope is the head of state of the Vatican. After being elected, he holds office for life and cannot be removed.