In graduation season, should college students look for jobs in state-owned enterprises, foreign companies, or private enterprises?

After graduation, should you join a state-owned enterprise, a foreign enterprise, or a private enterprise? Some students even received offers from three types of companies. They are all very good companies. How to choose?

This article will talk about this issue and understand what are the characteristics of state-owned enterprises, foreign enterprises, and private enterprises? What are the differences? See if it suits you.

State-owned enterprises refer to the state having ownership or control over their capital, and the will and interests of the government determine the behavior of state-owned enterprises. State-owned enterprises are the backbone of national economic development and the pillar of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The differences between state-owned enterprises are very big, even world-wide. According to the division of state-owned assets management authority, state-owned enterprises are divided into central enterprises (state-owned enterprises supervised and managed by the central government) and local enterprises (state-owned enterprises supervised and managed by local governments). The scope of local state-owned enterprises is much larger, including state-owned enterprises under the jurisdiction of provinces, cities, and counties at different levels.

Central SOEs are those with the prefix Guo or Chinese. These central SOEs are mainly distributed in the nuclear industry, weapons and equipment, shipbuilding industry, power generation, power grids, telecommunications, electronic information, automobiles, aviation, aerospace, and steel. , heavy equipment, mining, agriculture and forestry, engineering construction, aircraft manufacturing and other fields.

It can be seen that electricity, telecommunications, nuclear industry, weapons and equipment, aviation, aerospace and aircraft manufacturing are almost completely monopolized by the state. In other fields, these central enterprises are also giants in their respective industries, such as China State Construction, China Railway, China Railway Construction, and China Communications Construction in the engineering and construction industry.

In addition to the central enterprises under the jurisdiction of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, there are also some central enterprises that are not included in the above list of central enterprises, such as financial enterprises. The six major state-owned banks: ICBC, China Construction Bank, Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of Communications, Postal Savings Bank of China, etc., as well as insurance companies such as PICC and China Life, as well as China Investment Corporation, CITIC Group, Everbright Group, China Post Group, and the Ministry of Railways The restructured China Railway Corporation and so on. There is also a giant whose profits and taxes exceed those of all central enterprises and even all Chinese enterprises - China Tobacco.

As the core of the system, central enterprises monopolize the country’s energy, resources, technology, communications, giant projects and other core industries related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. Since it is a monopoly, the remuneration and benefits of central enterprises are far higher than the average level of other institutions. The other institutions mentioned here include governments and public institutions within the system, as well as foreign companies outside the system.

What you need to know when entering a central enterprise is where to enter? Is it the headquarters of a central enterprise, or the provincial or departmental headquarters of a central enterprise? These places are particularly worth visiting.

For example, China Telecom, China Unicom, and China Mobile are large state-owned enterprises. If you work as a salesperson or technician in a county of these state-owned enterprises, you can only say that you are a little more secure than other companies in the county that are still alive. The hat of a central enterprise has little to do with you.

For another example, China Construction Industry and Peasants Bank is one of the four major banks in the country. If you work as a teller in a county town, your income may not be as high as that of credit unions, rural commercial banks or even rural banks, but the pressure on indicators is no less than that of them. The same is true for other central enterprises.

The key to entering a central enterprise is to enter the "head". If you cannot enter the "head", the brand of a central enterprise will have little effect on you.

Local state-owned enterprises are relatively good, such as provincial-level state-owned enterprises. Most of them are department-level units, such as Wuliangye Group in Sichuan Province. State-owned enterprises like this type are key at the provincial level. Enterprises have huge assets, good brands, efficient systems, and unique local resources.

As for some of the state-owned enterprises at the prefectural and municipal levels, they are quite good. They get money from the market economy and do things in the planned economy. Their salaries are very high and their work pressure is not great. More money, less trouble and staying close to home. But for such state-owned enterprises, unless you have special skills that they particularly need, it is generally difficult to get into it, and it may not be possible without any connections.

Other state-owned enterprises at the prefectural and municipal levels, especially those traditional state-owned enterprises in the planned economy era, such as textile mills, flour mills, department stores, etc., have long since died, and some have remarried. Those who are not dead are also half-dead, so don't go.

A state-owned enterprise is like a slow-moving bureaucratic machine. The internal division of labor is very detailed and clear. Everyone is like a screw. They just need to do their job according to the process rules. The work is mechanical and It's very repetitive. If you don't take the initiative to learn, you basically won't learn any new skills.

Moreover, if you stay in such an environment for a long time, it is easy for you to become a frog in warm water, without learning, skills, or progress. Once state-owned enterprises are merged, reorganized, closed down, and laid off, it will be difficult for employees of state-owned enterprises to leave. Adapting to the fierce external competition in the workplace, you can't find a suitable job because you don't have the skills to settle down.

Of course, there are also state-owned enterprises that have entered the market competition very early, such as China Mobile, Telecom, and China Unicom, which are also very training people. However, at the bottom of these large state-owned enterprises, they are desperately doing marketing and work. There is a lot of pressure, and limited by the ceiling of the industry, there generally won't be much development.

State-owned enterprises are a place where seniority is important. Even if you have outstanding talents, you may not be able to use them because the entire institutional framework is prescribed and does not leave enough room for you to express yourself. space. To get ahead you need to be patient.

However, today’s state-owned enterprises are no longer the state-owned enterprises of the past, and they are no longer iron rice bowls. They are more dynamic and more willing to give young people opportunities. The work of state-owned enterprises is in line with the market, and a professional manager system is implemented. Talented people can be promoted or demoted regardless of age or seniority. Therefore, there are more and more chief doctors born in the 1990s in hospitals, and there are also more and more middle-level managers born in the 1990s in the State Grid Corporation of China.

State-owned enterprises are a place that tests your emotional intelligence very much. Interpersonal relationships are relatively complex. For example, there are particularities in how you address your colleagues and leaders. It is unthinkable to call them by their first names like in a foreign company. For another example, when a leader comes to the stage to speak, it is called "making an important speech" or "giving important instructions", while when a subordinate comes to the stage to speak, it can only be called "speaking." If you want to develop in a state-owned enterprise, it is very important to have a gentle, courteous and thrifty character. It is absolutely necessary to be low-key and humble, and to be observant of people's actions. Moreover, in some state-owned enterprises, you may still need to face the confusion of "small circles".

It is basically unheard of for large state-owned enterprises to lay off employees. Once you enter this system, as long as you don’t make a big mistake and the company does not close down, you can work until retirement, unless you leave voluntarily. . But it's hard to say for small local state-owned enterprises. Bankruptcy and closure are common. Even if there are no layoffs, you may need to be laid off.

There is no doubt that state-owned enterprises are disciplined in implementing national policies. For example, five social insurances and one fund will be paid in accordance with regulations, and the benefits of some large state-owned enterprises are also quite good. Some even have supplementary provident funds, perfect attendance awards, quarterly awards, performance awards, and various subsidies (high temperature subsidies, winter subsidies, holiday subsidies, etc.). Some state-owned enterprises almost do not need to consider housing issues because they have their own dormitories. There are also meal supplements, canteens, etc. As a young person who has just graduated, you can save a lot of money in this area.

Generally speaking, the cost performance of state-owned enterprises is higher than that of foreign companies, especially some big-name state-owned enterprises. The work intensity is lower than that of foreign companies, and the pressure is naturally much less than that of foreign companies. More importantly, you basically have no worries. You don’t have to worry about what you will do after you turn 40. If you get an official position in a state-owned enterprise around the age of 40, you will naturally live a decent and comfortable life.

In terms of salary, doing the same workload in a state-owned enterprise is not as good as the salary in foreign companies and large and medium-sized private enterprises. But conversely, in terms of stability, state-owned enterprises are much higher than foreign and private enterprises. Especially after you are forty years old, if you work in one of the country's pillar or monopoly state-owned enterprises, you will find that your life is much more relaxed and comfortable than your peers.

It is possible that your classmates and friends are still worried about a decent job and anxious about how much salary they will receive next month, and the amount in your salary account in a state-owned enterprise will increase with the Your working years gradually increase as your working years increase. Although it is not too much and not fast, it is getting better every year. This is enough for you to have enough food and clothing, especially when people in their forties reach middle age. There are seniors and juniors, and your financial situation Stable and guaranteed income growth will reduce the wrinkles on your forehead, the gray hair on your temples and the vicissitudes of your face.

To put it simply, when working in a large and superior state-owned enterprise (headquarters), with 40 years old as the limit of life, you will live a low-wage, "low-class" life in the first 20 years; in the next 20 years, you will change Come and live a worry-free life with medium to high salary and high stability. This is the opportunity and cost of life.

By the way, it is very unwise to work in a state-owned enterprise until you are almost 40 years old before changing jobs. Although I did it, I don’t recommend it to everyone, because it It does not comply with basic economic principles. If you are really fed up with the stability and stagnancy of state-owned enterprises, then take action before the age of 35, because ordinary employees who leave state-owned enterprises in their forties do not have much competitive advantage in the talent market. If you reach the middle and senior levels of a large state-owned enterprise, that's a different story.

Foreign-invested enterprises refer to enterprises established in China in accordance with Chinese laws and invested jointly by Chinese investors and foreign investors, or invested solely by foreign investors. There are both joint venture types and wholly foreign-owned types.

At the beginning of the reform and opening up, foreign-funded enterprises were popular and enjoyed various benefits that were higher than those of Chinese-funded enterprises. I think back then, working in foreign-funded enterprises had high wages, good benefits, and many opportunities for education. , superior appearance.

Nowadays, our country’s connection with the world economy is getting closer and closer, and the aura of foreign companies is slowly dimming. With the rapid growth of China’s economy, the salary income of employees of foreign companies is no longer as high as that of employees of domestic companies. There are obvious advantages, but the aura and endorsement of internationalization still exist, and foreign companies are still a place that many people flock to.

European and American foreign-funded enterprises attach great importance to the standardization of work systems and processes. They have relatively clear and specific standards for everything from the operation and implementation of work projects to how to write emails. When you work in such an environment, you can learn more standardized methods of doing things, which will be of great help in shaping and developing your professional awareness, literacy, habits and skills. Some world-class large companies have rich organizational knowledge accumulation, master cutting-edge technology, and attach great importance to employee training. Participating in such training is extremely beneficial to personal growth, both from the technical and business level and from the personal professional quality level. Rare. The basic qualities cultivated and exercised in this environment include basic work efficiency, super-efficient working methods, as well as physical strength, willpower and sense of responsibility.

But having said that, a large company is a big machine, and everyone is just a screw in this machine. After working for a long time, it is easy to be limited to one's own one-third of an acre, and have no understanding of the overall system. Very few and lack of overall perspective. Of course, if you are motivated, take the initiative to learn, or take the initiative to apply to participate in some relatively independent and systematic projects, or participate in some cross-department projects, you can get rid of such shortcomings. Therefore, the key lies in the individual.

Foreign companies are a place where results speak for themselves, and only credit is recognized, not hard work. If the performance is not good and the task target cannot be achieved, it will be useless no matter how much you try to flatter him, because the position of a foreign boss must also be maintained by performance. Therefore, if he fails to pay his debts to his superiors, he will fire you first before he himself is fired. Career promotion in foreign companies is also based on performance. It is easier to get promotion opportunities if the performance is always excellent.

Foreign companies pay special attention to the company's "face", and their working environment is more sophisticated than that of domestic companies. This is a particularly attractive place. Although the salary is not the highest, the office environment is good; although I often have to work overtime, the office is comfortable; although I have hit the ceiling of growth, the work station is beautiful. A spacious and bright office, each person has an independent workstation and wardrobe, a high-end conference room, a coffee shop, a leisure area, a reception room, a high-end training, an annual meeting, etc. In short, the surface is very well prepared, making you very happy. It's comfortable. Moreover, many foreign companies have a flexible work system. There is no clocking in or timekeeping at work. As long as you can complete the work on the job, you can discuss with your leader when and where you want to do it. This is also the reason why it is particularly popular.

It is unavoidable to have a ceiling when working in a foreign company. Even for particularly outstanding people, after being promoted to a certain position, usually to the middle level, there is no way to move up because of the Positions are reserved only for nationals, and others have almost no chance unless they immigrate and become "foreigners." There is an impenetrable workplace ceiling in foreign companies. Generally speaking, reaching the middle level is rare, while reaching the top level is a small probability event among small probability events.

The past two years have not been easy for foreign-funded enterprises in China. Many foreign companies are facing the dilemma of closing factories and withdrawing from China. For example, in 2016, Philips Lighting closed its Shenzhen factory, in 2017 technology company Oracle laid off more than 200 R&D positions in Beijing, and Seagate, the world's largest hard drive manufacturer, closed its Suzhou factory, laying off nearly 2,000 people.

Whether it is due to rising labor costs in China, rising housing prices causing foreign companies to lay off employees, or the impact of the market downturn, foreign companies are increasingly laying off employees. Including the financial industry, the impact of artificial intelligence has caused many foreign investment banking giants to start laying off employees. Goldman Sachs plans to cut 30% of investment banking jobs in Asia outside Japan. You stayed in this round of layoffs, but what about the next round?

You may have been working for this company for seventy or eighty years, and you are already in your 35s or 40s. Suddenly you receive a notice of layoffs from the company. If so, don’t feel too sudden, because in a state-owned enterprise You can work until retirement, but you cannot work until retirement in a foreign company. Why?

Think about it, there are so many college students who want to join foreign companies every year. They are young, energetic, have strong learning ability, and are more obedient than you. And the most important thing is that they do the same work as you, and even He does more work than you, but his salary is much lower than yours. Honestly, if you were the boss, who would you choose? Of course, use someone who is cheaper, does more, and is obedient.

It should be said that it is only a matter of time that people who work in foreign companies will be marginalized or even eliminated. For a company that is a bit more humane, HR will hint or take the initiative to suggest that you leave your job, and then pay you a compensation. For a company that is unkind or has average efficiency, it will directly refuse to renew your contract when your employment contract expires. , now it’s time for you to pack up and leave. This may seem a bit cruel but it is reality.

When you enter a foreign company, you will hardly see those over forty years old. It's not because they don't want to stay here anymore, but because they have no more capital and voice in the torrent of natural elimination.

Of course, if you have become a core employee in a foreign company, such as core technology, core business, core project personnel, or have been promoted to management, then the age of forty is a good time for you to be in your prime. , you not only enjoy the enviable honor of a professional manager or technical expert in a foreign company, as well as high salary and generous benefits, but you can also smoothly enter the middle class and achieve limited financial freedom. Wait until you When you leave this company, if you are still willing to continue working, there will be many local companies that will extend an olive branch to you.

However, if you are in your thirties and are still doing the basic work you did right after graduation, your learning ability and work energy will obviously not be as good as those of young employees. , then it is normal for you to be replaced.

By joining a foreign company, you burn your youth and get high salary, dignity, and great opportunities for learning and growth. But you must not think that this will last forever. When your exchange value is significantly lower than that of later young people, that is when you are unemployed and looking for a job.

Therefore, you must always be vigilant, always be prepared to face the challenges of future workplace survival, and climb up as much as possible. Even if you can't climb up, don't relax your study and progress, because you are studying in a foreign company , The accumulated work skills will make up for the losses caused by your career instability. Your aura in foreign companies, as well as the professional qualities and abilities you have cultivated will be your reliance on food and clothing for the rest of your life.

The current choice is that even if you don’t go to a foreign company for an internship or work, you can still get what you want in a state-owned or famous company. In other words, it’s not that foreign companies are bad, but that state-owned and private companies are better. .

A graduate student majoring in computer science at 985 University said: “I used to study hard just to go to foreign giants like Microsoft and Google, but now I think it’s pretty good to work at BAT.” In the ranking of China’s best employers, Foreign companies have also experienced "failure". In 2016, there were 4 foreign-funded companies in the top 10 of China's best employers, but in 2017, only one remained.

Private enterprises are invested and established by natural persons or controlled by natural persons, and are profit-making economic organizations based on wage labor. Including private limited liability companies, private joint stock companies, private partnerships and private sole proprietorships registered in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law, Partnership Law and the Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises.

Nowadays, the concept of private enterprises has been generalized. Do you think Alibaba, Tencent, and Huawei are private enterprises? When they first started their business, it should be said that they are now a mixed-ownership enterprise.

Large and medium-sized private enterprises are generally established after the reform and opening up. With the rapid development of our country's economy, these enterprises have passed the test of many years of market ups and downs, and have gradually established a model and established business through hard work. A standardized and orderly management system.

In terms of remuneration, for example, those Internet companies are so good that the monthly salary of fresh graduates can easily exceed 10,000, free snacks, coffee, shuttle bus, high-end office environment, hundreds of months of Year-end bonuses, free employee dormitories, interest-free housing loans... Tencent even continues to pay salaries to employees who died unexpectedly.

Moreover, large and medium-sized private enterprises have stronger development momentum than state-owned enterprises, and they pay special attention to the learning, training and development of employees. The salary may not be as high as those offered by high-tech startups, but the stability is much higher than that of startups. Moreover, these private enterprises adhere to the market law of survival of the fittest, judge heroes by performance, have long-term and clear development strategies, and have shaped their own corporate culture. Both internal promotion space and growth opportunities are much better than state-owned enterprises.

In terms of salary income, large and medium-sized private enterprises are generally lower than foreign enterprises, but higher than state-owned enterprises; in terms of stability, large and medium-sized private enterprises are higher than foreign enterprises, but lower than state-owned enterprises. Generally speaking, it is a good choice to enter a large or medium-sized private enterprise as soon as you graduate, because compared to state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises, the advantages and disadvantages are moderate and you have more flexibility.

What needs to be reminded is that many large and medium-sized private enterprises are similar to foreign companies, such as natural elimination after the age of 40. Therefore, it should be your professional consciousness to be prepared for danger in times of peace and to sit back and relax. Sleeping at night should be your professional theme.

A carrot has many pitfalls. You may have to do personnel work, but also take care of finance and administration. The work is very complicated. The work is unorganized, the management is chaotic, and everything is done in a chaotic manner. Everything depends on the boss's interest and mood. But fighting a chaotic battle may cultivate your general skills. If the boss is good enough, you can learn a lot and be able to take charge of your own business quickly.

Most small private companies are mom-and-pop shops or family-run businesses. If the boss lacks structure, your room for advancement will be limited. As for training and development, welfare benefits, etc., don’t expect them in small private companies. In a word, it will fend for itself.

Therefore, the key to entering a small private company is to look at the boss, his style, character, ability, potential and development.

Small private enterprises are not as stable as state-owned enterprises, large and medium-sized private enterprises, nor as stable as foreign enterprises. It is difficult to make horizontal comparisons of salary income, but generally they are not as stable as foreign enterprises, large state-owned enterprises, and private enterprises.

Data from the Employment Guidance Center of Tongji University show that a few years ago, the proportion of graduates working in foreign companies was as high as more than 35%. In the past two years, the number of students working in foreign companies has dropped to about 20%, and the proportion of students working in state-owned enterprises has dropped to about 20%. On the contrary, the proportion of people is above 30%.

So, are college students suitable to go to state-owned enterprises? It depends on what you want. If you want to live a calm and ordinary life from 9 to 5, do not want to participate in too fierce competition, do not want to bear too much pressure, and are only willing to work and live diligently and step by step, then you It’s okay to go to a state-owned enterprise. But small state-owned enterprises cannot provide you with safety guarantees.

If you can't accept the bureaucratic atmosphere, don't like an unchanging environment, and are pursuing the development of personal abilities and your own development, going to a state-owned enterprise is not a good choice. Try to go to a well-known private enterprise for training. Emerging industries with huge market demand, such as AI, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and 5g, can go where they develop well and where there is more money. In recent years, well-known private enterprises have emerged as a new force in attracting top students, such as Huawei, Tencent, Alibaba, DJI and others have become talent harvesters.

If you go, try to go to large state-owned enterprises, the headquarters of central enterprises, and the provincial divisions (branch offices) of central enterprises. Some state-owned enterprises are also divided into those outside the establishment and those within the establishment, and the differences are also very big.

If it is a labor dispatch type, it is certain that you will be fired at any time if you work too much and earn less.

Which one is better, state-owned enterprises, foreign enterprises or private enterprises? This topic can be said to be the top of the clichés. Compare and compare, and in fact you will find that they each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the differences between state-owned enterprises, foreign enterprises, and private enterprises are worlds apart. There is no comparability at all. Simply asking which one is better will give you answers that cannot be falsified, because personal circumstances, personal background, Individual needs and individual abilities vary from person to person.

If you have to give a general conclusion, in a word, if you can enter large state-owned enterprises (headquarters, provincial state-owned enterprise headquarters), foreign companies, large and medium-sized private enterprises, then you should not enter small private enterprises. The next step is to enter small private enterprises. Last resort. If you want to enter a small private company, you must first examine the industry and secondly, examine the boss.

In essence, a job may not be different depending on the state-owned enterprise/private enterprise/foreign enterprise. There is no right or wrong in career choice, but whether it is suitable and whether you can be satisfied with what you want most at the current stage. Wanted.

I agree more with the words of former HP Greater China President Sun Zhenyao: "A good job should be a job that suits you. To be more specific, it should be a job that can bring you what you want. You Perhaps you should use this to measure whether your job is good, rather than the size and scale of the company, whether it is a foreign or state-owned enterprise, whether it is famous, or whether it is a listed company. A small company may not be a good company, but a job that makes more money. It may not be a good job. You still have to figure out what you want first. If you don’t know what you want, you will never find a good job, because you will only see what you can’t get. What you get is what you don’t want. Maybe, the best is already by your side, but you haven’t learned to cherish it yet. People always focus on the things they can’t get, and ignore the things they already have.

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