Titanic sank in the sea of ice.

19 12 April 14, Sunday night, a calm night, even no wind at all. If there is, the crew will find that the waves beat the small scales of the iceberg. Titanic sailed on this dark and cold ocean at a speed of 22.3 knots (the limit speed was 23 knots). Captain Smith ordered the lookout to observe carefully after receiving ice reports from many ships nearby. Because it is a warm winter this year, icebergs drift farther south than in previous years. But the crew of Titanic couldn't find the telescope (because the only telescope on board was locked in the cupboard by the second mate, and the second mate who kept the key of the cupboard didn't get on board at last), so the lookout had to observe with the naked eye.

At 23: 40, Frederic fleet, a lookout, found a shadow "the size of two tables" in the distance, and it became bigger at a fast speed. He knocked the alarm bell on the bridge three times and grabbed the phone: "There is an iceberg directly ahead!" " ".The six Moody's who answered the phone informed the next Murdoch. Murdoch immediately ordered the bell to ring: "All engines slow down! Left full rudder! Thruster three, reverse! "It took the lookout only 37 seconds to find that the iceberg hit the starboard side of the ship.

The first mate immediately gave two orders: full rudder left, and the propeller of the whole ship retreated urgently. It turned out that the first command was a fatal mistake. Just 37 seconds after he gave the order, the Titanic was too big and too fast to stop moving in time and hit an iceberg.

19 12 On the cold night in April, the Titanic kissed the iceberg: the starboard side of the ship collided with the bottom of the iceberg, and the rivets under the starboard front waterline broke, and all cargo holds and No.6 boiler room began to seep into the sea (according to subsequent scientific investigation and research, there was no 92m-long crack under the starboard front waterline).

The result of this collision was later known to people. But at that time, the passengers and crew on board reacted differently. Some passengers who didn't sleep well in first class and second class were awakened by a slight metal scraping sound. The hull gave a slight vibration. Some people think it's a big wave, some people think it's hitting the rocks, and some people think it's propeller failure. But the passengers in the cabin below felt much stronger vibration. Some passengers saw milky white icebergs passing by outside the porthole. Some scraped ice fell into the cabin. The immigrant passengers on the ground floor were even more shocked to find that the cold sea water was overflowing the car door from a place I didn't know. The ship stopped soon. Some passengers put on their coats and came to the deck. The stars are shining over the North Atlantic, and the temperature is as low as MINUS one degree. Under the dark sky, the windows of the Titanic exuded warm light yellow, and four tall yellow and black chimneys braved white steam smoke. Suddenly, the three of them suddenly gave a deafening roar and scream. Passengers who know about steam engines know that it is the boiler safety valve on board that releases excess superheated high-pressure steam.

Captain Smith and thomas andrew, chief shipbuilding engineer of Harlan Wolf Company, who were informed, inspected the damage. The five carriages in front are all submerged in the sea. The sea seems to be flowing through H deck in an orderly way. In the dim light of the mail cabin, packages of mail floated on the sea. After checking all watertight compartments, Andrew said quietly to Captain Smith, "This ship is hopeless." . Captain Smith asked how much time was left, and the answer was one hour, two hours at the most. What happened after that is already very clear to everyone. At 0: 05 am on June 5438+05, Captain Smith ordered the lifeboat to be released. 23: 40: The Titanic sailed at a speed of 20.5 knots, and the right side of the hull hit an iceberg. The rivet on the bow is loose and the waterproof partition is partially cracked. Numerous tiny but narrow cracks appeared in the first five cabins, and seawater kept pouring in. The waterproof gate was closed in time, and all compartments became 16 independent watertight compartments.

23: 50: In the first 10 minute after the impact, the water level rose from the keel 14 feet, and the water began to flood into the first five locks at the bow, and the No.6 boiler room was submerged by the water level of 8 feet. The bow has been flooded with 4000 tons of seawater, which is blocked by the waterproof board. The situation seems to be good, and everything seems to be under control. The captain called an engineer to repair the damaged part.

0:00:7000 tons of seawater poured into the bow. The water has flooded three bow cargo holds, overflowed from the top exit of the watertight compartment and began to flow to the bottom of the third-class compartment. The bow began to sink slowly, and the fate of sinking was set. A large number of crew members in boiler room 6 are trying to remove stagnant water. The crew reported to Captain Smith in the control tower that the water had flooded 1, No.2 and No.3 lock rooms and No.6 boiler room, and he immediately asked designer Thomas Andrews to evaluate the damage. After some calculations, Andrews then concluded in the master's room that the ship was hopeless, and said that the ship could only support 1.5 hours. The captain asked the operator to send CQD distress signal. At that time, the position of the hull was 4 1.46 minutes north latitude and 50. 14 minutes west longitude. When the boiler finally broke down, the smoke pipe and chimney on the ship separated and fell off, making a loud noise.

0: 05: The sea has flooded the 32-foot-high bow. The lifeboat on board can only be used by 1 178 people, and the total number of people on board is 2227.

From 0: 00 to 10 to 50: 00, the crew of the California, which is about 10 to 19 from the Titanic, can even see the lights on the chimney of her steam engine. They tried to contact her, but the Morse code light didn't work. In addition, more than one crew member witnessed the Titanic launching nine white distress rockets, but California Captain Rod ordered him to stay where he was.

From 00: 15 to 02: 00, many ships received the distress signal of Titanic, including her sister ships Olympic, MountTemple (49 miles away), Frankfurt (135 miles away) and Biyama (70 miles away). 243 Li), Virginia N (170 Li), Carpathian (80 Li), and immediately drove to the scene to prepare for rescue.

0: 15: Titanic sent out the distress signal "CQD·MGY", and then sent out SOS distress signals continuously as the first passenger ship to send out SOS distress signals. Among them, the nearest California failed to receive the distress telegram in time because the telegraph operator turned off the telegram, and among all the ships that could receive the telegram, the nearest was the Carpathian, which then came to the Titanic as quickly as possible, but even so, it would take at least 4 hours to arrive at the scene. The crew on the Titanic began to prepare to release the lifeboat. The band serving the first-class passengers on deck A continued to play for the passengers evacuated from the Titanic near the steps at the entrance of the lifeboat.

0: 20: The sea has been submerged in the 48-foot-high seaman's room, and the ship has sunk 6 meters. The left and right rows of portholes were flooded and half of them were open, which led to the continuous increase of water intake. The water depth of boiler room 6 is more than 4 meters, so the engineer had to give up here, and the pump still tried its best to pump water, but this could only slow down the sinking speed of the bow slightly.

0: 25: The captain ordered the women and children to board the lifeboat first. The Ka Pauphillat, 58 miles southeast of her, is coming to the rescue at full speed.

At 0: 40, the boiler room No.6 and the whole watertight compartment No.5 were flooded. Water has poured into the E floor from the top of the No.6 waterproof board. There is no waterproof facility here, and the water is pouring down from the top. The sixth cabin began to fill with water and the hull gradually tilted. The terrible low voice of the waterproof board in front can be heard from the boiler room No.5, and the crew who are rescuing the mail in the mailroom have become the first victims of the Titanic. All lifeboats are ready. The crew began to persuade the first-class passengers (women and children) to board the lifeboat. Boat 7 was the first lifeboat to be lowered, but the lifeboat with a maximum capacity of 65 passengers only carried a dozen passengers. 0: 45: The waterproof board between boiler rooms 6 and 5 was deformed due to the high temperature of a small fire a few days ago. Now the water pressure causes the waterproof board to collapse suddenly, and the water rushes over like a wall. The bottom of bulkhead 6 was instantly filled with seawater, which became the first link of this chain reaction, and the first distress rocket was launched.

At 00: 45, the first lifeboat on the starboard side of No.7 was lowered. It could have carried 68 passengers, but only 28 people boarded. Titanic launched the first rocket in distress, and then * * * launched eight. Lifeboat No.4 was fully loaded and released from the sea from 00:30 to 00:45. The ship launched its first rocket in distress. A shining white spark slowly falls.

At 0: 55, the bow of the Titanic was submerged. The work by the lifeboat is a mess. Although the virtue of women and children boarding lifeboats first has been observed, many lifeboats are lowered in mid-air. Lifeboat No.6 only carried * * * 28 people including MoodyBrown and Major Peuchen; Ismay was accused of asking the crew to board the ship first, and lifeboat No.5 was released. However, this can't blame the crew. At that time, the maritime community believed that if the lifeboat was full of people, it would cause damage and even capsize. Titanic's lifeboat was well designed, but the crew didn't know it. Results 1 178 people can be carried in the lifeboat, and only 65 1 people got on it (someone jumped into the sea and was rescued from the lifeboat). On the port side of the ship, lifeboats only carry women and children. On the starboard side, men are allowed to board the ship only after women have the priority to escape. So more people were rescued on the starboard side than on the port side. 1: 00: No.3 lifeboat on starboard side carried 32 people, including 1 1 crew, and was released from Titanic.

1: 10: starboard 1 released. It can carry 40 people, but only 12 people, including SirCosmo and LadyDuffGordon, and 7 crew members. Thirty-nine people were put in lifeboat No.8 beside the cabin, with Count Ross at the helm.

1: 15: The water level has been immersed in the name nameplate of the Titanic, and the bow is tilted below the water level seriously. The lifeboat will not be released until the passenger capacity is fully utilized. Starboard boat 9 was released with 56 passengers.

1: 20: Water directly overflows from the working corridor on the E floor and is poured into the No.4 boiler room. The front restaurant on the D floor has almost become a diving training ground, and the center of gravity of the hull has been slowly moving forward. The calm top deck was in chaos, and the passengers finally realized the seriousness of the situation and rushed to the lifeboat. The riot escalated and the crew shot down the passengers.

1: 25: Engine room side 12 carries 40 women and children, and two crew members are in command.

1: 30: At this time, the people on board began to panic. When the lifeboat 14 near the cabin was ready to be released, everyone tried to jump into the boat and was scared by Lowe, the fifth crew member in the boat, and shot into the air. The people who stayed on the Titanic began to despair.

65438+ At 0: 35 in the morning, seawater was immersed in the boiler room. Second-class and third-class women and children passengers escaped separately. There are more than 50 people on the deck 16 and 64 people on the starboard 13. Thirty seconds later, 70 people on Starboard 15 were released in a hurry.

By 1: 40, most of the lifeboats were far away from the Titanic (in case they were dragged into the water by the vortex generated by the sunken ship), and the last lifeboat on the starboard side was put into the sea, and the bow continued to sink. Led by Wallace Hartley, the conductor of the band, eight people on board continued to play music for the passengers to appease those who were doomed to die in a few minutes, and they played until the last minute. Faced with the choice between life and death, some people choose to die like a gentleman. Rich Guggenheim put on his evening dress. "Even if you die, you must die like a gentleman." Mrs. Evans from Denver gave her lifeboat seat to the mother of a child, while Ismay, the chairman of White Star Company (he rejected the idea of owning 48 lifeboats, thinking that it didn't matter if there were less), abandoned his passengers, crew and his boat and jumped into the collapsible lifeboat C at the last minute (* * * has 39 passengers). The goodness and evil of human nature are exposed here. As more and more sea water poured into the front of the hull, the stern gradually left the water and tilted high.

1: 45: Cabin No.2 can only carry 25 people (can accommodate 40 people) to launch.

1:50: 40 women and children passengers are carried on the side of cabin 4.

2: 00: At this time, the water surface has reached 10 feet below the walking deck.

2: 05: 1500 people stayed on the sunken ship, and the crew tried their best to keep order and let women and children passengers into the lifeboat. When 44 people boarded the collapsible lifeboat D, all the boats were used up. The bow and front plate of the Titanic were completely submerged, and the first-class area began to be submerged. Because some superstructures are flooded, the area that ships can enter the water has reached hundreds of square feet. The hatch cover of No.4 boiler room has been closed for more than an hour, but the seawater is still not fully filled. The workers inside are still working hard, trying to get rid of the stagnant water. They didn't know that they were above 10 meters above sea level, and all the exits were sealed by seawater.

2: 10: Strong water pressure blasted the waterproof board between No.4 and No.5 boiler rooms, and many workers were killed on the spot. The sinking speed of the hull is obviously accelerated. The final judgment is coming. The bridge was about to be flooded, and the captain signaled the operator, the bride and Philip, to leave their posts, and Philip continued to release radio messages. The captain said to the crew, "It's up to you", then went to the bridge, locked himself in the captain's room and accepted the death trial. Thomas andrew, the chief designer, was seen stepping into the first-class smoking room in despair, waiting to die. Ismail, managing director of White Star Shipping Company, jumped into the lifeboat and escaped while others were not looking. Many crew members still stick to their jobs, a large number of passengers ran to the stern in panic, and many people were trampled to death. Phillips, who has been sticking to his post, sent the last telegram for help. The band on the boat stopped playing. At this moment, many passengers and crew members jumped into the water, and the chimney in front collapsed, killing many panicked passengers swimming in the ocean on the spot. About 24 people fell into the cold sea due to the overturning of the collapsible lifeboat A, and nearly half of them were rescued by Lowe, the fifth crew member of the lifeboat 14 on the side of the cabin. Others died in the sea.

2: 13: The center of gravity of the hull is completely out of balance, and it keeps going forward, while the stern keeps tilting upward, and soon it is completely out of the water. The whole bow hall was submerged in the water and then blown to pieces by the rushing water pressure. The glass dome collapsed, at the same time, the chimney cable tied to the dome broke, the tension of the chimney/kloc-0 was unbalanced, and the chimney broke, resulting in the death of many passengers struggling in the water. The bridge is also completely submerged in water. Twenty-nine large boilers on board left the base one after another, collided with each other and broke a watertight wall. The bow of the ship broke a big hole and fell into the sea.

2: 16: The whole ship has seven semi-waterproof cabins, the center of gravity moves forward obviously, and the second half is still floating on the water, which is the reason why the ship tilts like the leaning tower of Pisa. The cable that fixed the No.2 chimney finally broke because it couldn't bear the huge pressure. The No.2 chimney collapsed and sank into the sea, many passengers were killed, and many people were sucked in when it broke. Many people slide from the stern to the water like slides. Many people were sucked into the hull and never came out. Specialized power engineers have been maintaining power in the engine room, but eventually they were electrocuted, and seawater immediately flooded into the central power control room, causing a short circuit. The lights of the whole ship went out in an instant, then flashed again in an instant, and finally never turned on.

2: 17, after the stern is tilted, the hull is under unimaginable pressure, and the steel bars are constantly twisted and deformed, and finally bear the limit. In a series of explosions, the middle of the No.2 chimney and No.3 chimney was cracked, and the remaining two chimneys were also blown off. The main body has become two parts, but the trunk at the bottom is still broken. The bow sank directly into the water, and the stern floated again temporarily because there was basically no water. At 2: 18, with a loud cracking sound, the Titanic hull broke into two parts from the No.2 and No.3 chimneys (in the movie Titanic shot by Cameron in 1997, it was broken between the No.2 and No.3 chimneys, which was later developed by Cameron's team), and all the movable parts in the ship seemed to fall into the water at the same time. According to the design concept of Titanic, the waterproof system at the stern can play a role again in this case, blocking the seawater and preventing the stern from sinking further. However, the waterproof door between the two engine rooms opened to pump water, which exceeded the ship's bearing capacity, and the submerged bow kept pulling the stern. As a result, the stern of the ship that had just returned to the water was tilted up again, and the first-class smoking room was lit by flying coal. The previous explosion also ignited wood and combustible materials at the crack. The stern sank slowly when burning. Many witnesses said that the Titanic had broken in two at this time, and one side of the bow had sunk to the bottom of the water. At 2 o'clock 19, the stern of the Titanic sank a little and gradually tilted. The last good news for the passengers is that the fire has been put out. However, the huge buoyancy causes the only trunk connecting the two bodies to be completely disconnected. The bow went straight to the bottom of the sea at a speed of 40 miles per hour, while the stern was still floating on the water.

At 2: 20, although the stern barely floated, it sank in less than 1 minute because the bottom was full of seawater until it completely sank. The huge whirlpool sucked in a large number of passengers and crew who persisted to the end. Of course, many of them had already become stiff bodies. Although many people surfaced, they failed to be rescued in time and eventually died of hypothermia. The sea soon returned to calm, and a huge ocean liner ended its short and brilliant life here. 1500 passengers who failed to board the lifeboat became their funerary objects. Of the 1500 people, it was finally confirmed that only 6 were still alive.

The stern imploded underwater, and the outer plate, deck and chimney flew out. The stern is affected by the "spiral effect", and the structure is destroyed, resulting in a pile of wreckage.

The stern fell vertically into the sea because of continuous water inflow, and disappeared completely in the Atlantic Ocean at 2: 20. It took 2 hours and 40 minutes from hitting an iceberg to completely sinking. The original idea was only 1 hour and 50 minutes. At 3: 30, Canard's passenger ship Carpathia (also known as Carpathian) first arrived at the scene of the accident. At 4 o'clock, the crew of Carpathia found the first lifeboat in the twilight of the North Atlantic. The rescue work continued until 8: 30 in the morning, and the lifeboat 12 tied the rescue cable. Of the 2208 crew and passengers on the Titanic, only 705 survived. The captain and priest of the Carpathia hosted a mourning ceremony in the dining room. Around 8: 50, turn around and return to new york.

After the Carpathian arrived in new york Port. Thousands of people watched them pass the Statue of Liberty on the Waterray coast of Manhattan Island. At Pier 54, about 30,000 people stood in the rain, silently welcoming the survivors of the Titanic. The news of the sinking of Titanic shocked the whole western world. At that time, people were no less shocked than the 9. 1 1 incident in the United States in this century. Flags were flown at half-mast in many places on both sides of the Atlantic. King George V of England and President Taft of the United States exchanged messages of condolence. Kaiser Wilhelm II also sent a message of condolence.